KS3 Chemistry

1. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20051 of 32
KS3 Chemistry
9E Metals and
Metal Compounds

2. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20052 of 32
Contents
9E Metals and Metal Compounds
Metal compounds and acids
Symbol equations
Metals and non-metals
Summary activities
Metals and acids

3. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20053 of 32
antimony (Sb)
Is this element a or a ?
H
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
Be
Sc Ti
Mg
V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr
Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh
Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt
Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?
Al P
N O
S Cl
F Ne
Ar
Rn
I
Si
Xe
He
B C
AsFeFe
Mg SPMg SP
CuCu
metal non-metal
IISb
Hard to
say!
Sb
Metal or non-metal?
iodine (I)iron (Fe)copper (Cu)phosphorus (P)sulfur (S)magnesium (Mg)

4. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20054 of 32
Metals and non-metals in the periodic table
The periodic table is a list of all the known elements which
are arranged according to the similarities in their properties.
Non-metals are
mostly on the right.
Metals are on the
left and in the centre.
What type of elements are between metals and non-metals?
Xe

5. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20055 of 32
Metals and non-metals in the periodic table

6. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20056 of 32
Metal, non-metal or metalloid?
H
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
Be
Sc Ti
Mg
V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr
Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh
Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt
Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?
Al P
N O
S Cl
F Ne
Ar
Rn
I
Si
Xe
He
B C
As
silicon (Si) metalloidfrancium (Fr) metalscandium (Sc) metalkrypton (Kr) non-metalcobalt (Co) metal
What are
metalloids?
Which side
are the non-
metals on?
Which side
are the
metals on?
Metalloids sometimes
behave like metals and
sometimes like non-metals.
Metals are on
the left and in
the centre.
Non-metals
are mostly
on the right.

7. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20057 of 32
What are the properties of metals?
Properties of
metals strong
dense
shiny malleable
(easy to bend)
high melting point
sonorous
(makes a sound)
high boiling point
ductile
(can be drawn into wires)
good conductor of electricity
good conductor of heat
Do all metals have these properties?
solid

8. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20058 of 32
Properties of metals and non-metals

9. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20059 of 32
Metals and non-metals – true or false?

10. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200510 of 32
Using metals
Can all metals do the same job?.

11. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200511 of 32
Using metals activity

12. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200512 of 32
Contents
9E Metals and Metal Compounds
Metal compounds and acids
Symbol equations
Metals and non-metals
Summary activities
Metals and acids

13. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200513 of 32
magnesium
+ acid
hydrogen
burning
splint
Many metals react with acids.
When this happens the metal
fizzes as bubbles are produced.
What do the bubbles mean?
A gas is produced.
How can you test to find out if the gas produced is hydrogen?
Place a burning splint next to the mouth of test tube.
A ‘squeaky pop’ as the gas ignites shows that hydrogen
is the gas produced in this reaction.
Reaction of metals with acids

14. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200514 of 32
metal
nitratenitric acid
Reaction of metals with acids
When a metal reacts with an acid, the products are a salt
and hydrogen gas.
The salt produced depends on the metal and type of acid
involved in the reaction:
 When a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, the
salt produced is a metal chloride.
 When a metal reacts with sulfuric acid, the salt
produced is a metal sulfate.
 When a metal reacts with nitric acid, the salt
produced is a metal nitrate.
metal hydrogensulfuric
acid
hydrochloric
acidacid metal
sulfate
metal
chloridesalt

15. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200515 of 32
zinc
chloride
Complete the word equations
Complete the word equations for metals reacting with acid:
hydrogennitric
acid
magnesium
nitratemagnesium ?
hydrogensulfuric
acidiron iron
sulfate?
hydrogenhydrochloric
acidzinc ?
hydrogensulfuric
acidlead lead
sulfate??

16. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200516 of 32
potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
zinc
iron
lead
(hydrogen)(hydrogen)
copper
silver
gold
increasingreactivity
Reactivity of metals
Some metals react more vigorously with acids than others.
Metals can be listed in order of how reactive they are.
This list is called the reactivity series.
The more reactive the
metal, the more vigorous
the reaction.
A metal that is below
hydrogen will not react
with dilute acids.

17. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200517 of 32
Contents
9E Metals and Metal Compounds
Metal compounds and acids
Symbol equations
Metals and non-metals
Summary activities
Metals and acids

18. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200518 of 32
When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid,
it fizzes giving off carbon dioxide gas.
Carbon dioxide can be tested for using the
limewater test.
When carbon dioxide gas is bubbled
through limewater, it turns the
limewater cloudy or milky white.
Reaction of metal carbonates with acids
Most metal carbonates are not very soluble
and so the reactions may be slow.

19. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200519 of 32
Reaction of metal carbonates with acids
When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, the products
are a salt, carbon dioxide and water.
The salt produced depends on the metal carbonate and type
of acid involved in the reaction:
 When a metal carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid,
the salt produced is a metal chloride.
 When a metal carbonate reacts with sulfuric acid,
the salt produced is a metal sulfate.
 When a metal carbonate reacts with nitric acid,
the salt produced is a metal nitrate.
metal
carbonate
carbon
dioxide waternitric acid metal
nitrate
sulfuric
acid
hydrochloric
acidacid metal
sulfate
metal
chloridesalt

20. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200520 of 32
carbon
dioxide
Complete the word equations
sodium
carbonate
carbon
dioxide
nitric
acid
sodium
nitrate water
Complete the word equation for each reaction between a
metal carbonates and an acid:
calcium
carbonate
carbon
dioxide
nitric
acid
calcium
nitrate water
? ?
?
metal
carbonate
carbon
dioxideacid salt water
zinc
carbonate
zinc
sulfate watersulfuric
acid ?? ?

21. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200521 of 32
Using the products as a clue, what is the reaction between
a base (such as a metal oxide) and an acid called?
Reaction of metal oxides with acids
When a metal oxide reacts with an acid, the products are a
salt and water.
metal
oxide wateracid salt
A metal oxide is a type of chemical called a base.
Bases are chemicals that react with an acid to produce
a salt and water.
A base that is soluble in water is called an alkali.
neutralization

22. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200522 of 32
iron
chloride
Complete the word equations
Complete the word equation for each reaction between a
metal oxide and an acid:
nitric acid magnesium
nitrate
magnesium
oxide ?
watersulfuric
acidzinc oxide zinc
sulfate?
hydrochloric
acidiron oxide ?
metal
oxide wateracid salt
water
water?
?
?

23. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200523 of 32
Contents
9E Metals and Metal Compounds
Metal compounds and acids
Symbol equations
Metals and non-metals
Summary activities
Metals and acids

24. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200524 of 32
Chemical formulae – what is the ratio of atoms?
The name of a chemical can also be written as a formula.
A formula uses chemical symbols and numbers to show the
ratio of atoms of each element present in the chemical.
calcium sulphate
magnesium nitrate
magnesium sulphate
sodium sulphate
calcium chloride
Name of salt
OSCaCaSO4
ONMgMg(NO3)2
OSMgMgSO4
OSNaNa2SO4
ClCaCaCl2
Ratio of atoms in saltFormula
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
4
4
6
4

25. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200525 of 32
What is the ratio of atoms in each salt?
What is the ratio of atoms in each salt?
calcium nitrate
potassium sulphate
potassium nitrate
magnesium chloride
sodium chloride
Name of salt
6 O2 N1 CaCa(NO3)2
4 O1 S2 KK2SO4
3 O1 N1 KKNO3
2 Cl1 MgMgCl2
1 Cl1 NaNaCl
Ratio of atoms in saltFormula

26. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200526 of 32
Writing equations using chemical formulae
The names of chemicals in a word equation can be replaced
with chemical formulae.
When a chemical reaction is written using chemical formulae,
the equation must be balanced.
Write down the formula for each chemical.
Count the number of atoms on each side of the equation.
zinc hydrogenhydrochloric
acid
zinc
chloride
1 Zn 1 H, 1 Cl 1 Zn, 2 Cl 2 H
Where needed, adjust the numbers in front of the formula
2 H, 2 Cl
so that the numbers of atoms on each side are balanced.
Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H22

27. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200527 of 32
Writing and balancing chemical equations
lead hydrogenhydrochloric
acid
lead
chloride
Use chemical formulae to write a balanced chemical equation
for the reaction between lead and hydrochloric acid.
Pb + HCl → PbCl2 + H22
Use chemical formulae to write a balanced chemical equation
for the reaction between calcium oxide and hydrochloric acid.
calcium hydrogenhydrochloric
acid
calcium
chloride
Ca + HCl → CaCl2 + H22

28. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200528 of 32
Balancing equations activity

29. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200529 of 32
Contents
9E Metals and Metal Compounds
Metal compounds and acids
Symbol equations
Metals and non-metals
Summary activities
Metals and acids

30. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200530 of 32
Glossary
alkali – A soluble base.
base – A compound (such as a metal oxide) that reacts
with an acid to produce a salt and water.
conductor – A material that allows heat and electricity
to travel through it easily.
malleable – A material that can be hammered into shape.
metal – An element found on the left of the periodic table
which is usually hard, shiny and a good conductor.
metal carbonate – A compound made of a metal,
carbon and oxygen. It reacts with acid to produce a salt,
carbon dioxide and water.
metal oxide – A compound made of a metal and oxygen.
It reacts with acid to produce a salt and water.
property – A characteristic of a material.

31. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200531 of 32
Anagrams

32. © Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200532 of 32
Multiple-choice quiz