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Domestic Terrorism in
the “Next Eleven”
Carter F. Smith
Austin Peay State University
The Next Eleven (N-11)
• Eleven countries having high potential of
becoming, (with BRICs) world's largest economies
– Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria,
Pakistan, Philippines, Turkey, South Korea, and
Vietnam
– Criteria were macroeconomic stability, political
maturity, openness of trade and investment policies,
and quality of education
• Follow-up in 2005 to 2003 paper on 4 emerging
economies, Brazil, Russia, India, China
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Terrorism (DHS/FBI)
• activity that involves act dangerous to human
life or potentially destructive to critical
infrastructure or key resources
• violation of criminal laws (of state/country)
• appears intended to intimidate or coerce
civilian population to influence policy of
government by intimidation or coercion
• or to affect conduct of government by mass
destruction, assassination, or kidnapping
Domestic Terrorism (DHS/FBI)
• act of violence
– dangerous to human life or potentially destructive of
critical infrastructure or key resources
– committed by a group or individual based
– operating entirely within (the country) without
direction or inspiration from foreign terrorist group.
• domestic terrorist differs from homegrown
violent extremist
– former not inspired by and does not take direction
from a foreign terrorist group/other foreign power.
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the “Next Eleven”
Bangladesh
• Least developed countries
• Low-income economy
• Medium human development
• Frontier market
• Third most populated Muslim
country (90% of residents Islamic)
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Terror in Bangladesh
Terrorism in Bangladesh
DT
• Achik National Volunteer Council
• All Tripura Tiger Force
• Borok National Council of Tripura
• United Achik National Front
HVE
• al-Qaeda
• United National Liberation Front
• Revolutionary People's Front
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• Achik National Volunteer Council • National Liberation Front of
(ANVC) Tripura (NLFT)
• All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF) • Parbatya Chattagram Jana
• al-Qaeda Sanghati Samity (PCJSS)
• Borok National Council of Tripura • People's Liberation Army (PLA)
(BNCT) • People's Revolutionary Party of
• Harakat ul-Jihad-i- Kangleipak (PREPAK)
Islami/Bangladesh (HUJI-B) • Purbo Banglar Communist Party
• Hikmatul Zihad (PBCP)
• Islami Chhatra Shibir (ICS) • Revolutionary People's Front
• Islamic Shashantantra Andolon (RPF)
(ISA) • United Achik National Front
• Jagrata Muslim Janata • United National Liberation Front
Bangladesh (UNLF)
• Jamatul Mujahedin Bangladesh • United People's Democratic Front
• Kamtapur Liberation Organization (UPDF)
Terrorist Outfits
• Harkat-ul-Jihad-al Islami Bangladesh (HuJI-B)
• Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh (JMJB)
• Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB)
• Purba Bangla Communist Party (PBCP)
Extremist Groups
• Islami Chhatra Shibir (ICS)
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Egypt
• Lower-middle-income economy
• Medium human development
• Secondary Emerging market
• Regime in transition
• G20 developing nation
• Most populated Arab country (80.5M)
– Majority Islamic
Terror in Egypt
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Terrorism in Egypt
DT
• Egypt’s Revolution
• al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya
• Islamic Liberation Organization
HVE
• al-Qaeda
• Battalion of the Martyr Abdullah Azzam
• Egyptian Islamic Jihad
• Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group
Terrorism in Egypt (cont)
OTH/Religious
• Takfir wa Hijra
– operates only in the country
– religiously based
– targets secular institutions
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• al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (GAI)
• al-Qaeda
• Battalion of the Martyr Abdullah Azzam
• Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ)
• Egypt's Revolution
• International Justice Group
• Islamic Glory Brigades in the Land of the Nile
• Islamic Liberation Organization
• Jordanian National Liberation Movement
• Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group
• Takfir wa Hijra
• Tawhid Islamic Brigades
Indonesia
• Upper-middle-income economy
• Medium human development
• Secondary Emerging market
• Flawed democracy
• G-20 major economies
• APEC founding member
• Most practice moderate Islam, Radical
growing
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Terror in Indonesia
Terrorism in Indonesia
• Jemaah Islamiyah
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• Anti-Communist Command
• Aum Shinrikyo / Aleph
• Free Aceh Movement (GAM)
• Free Papua Movement (OPM)
• Front for Defenders of Islam
• Jemaah Islamiya (JI)
• Komando Jihad (Indonesian)
• Kumpulan Mujahidin Malaysia (KMM)
• Laskar Jihad
• Mujahideen Division Khandaq
• Mujahideen KOMPAK
• Nusantara Islamic Jihad Forces
• South Maluku Republic (RMS)
Iran
• Upper-middle-income economy
• High human development,
authoritarian Islamic Republic
• OPEC and GECF founding
member
• ECO member
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Terror in Iran
Terrorism in Iran
• Ahl-e-Sunna Wal Jamaat
• Al-Qaeda
• Hamas
• Hexbollah
• Jundallah
• People's Mujahedin of Iran
• Taliban
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• al-Ahwaz Arab People's • Group of the Martyrs
Democratic Front Mostafa Sadeki and Ali
• al-Qaeda Zadeh
• Arab Struggle Movement • Guardsmen of Islam
for the Liberation of Ahvaz • Islamic Action in Iraq
• Arbav Martyrs of • Islamic Action Organization
Khuzestan • Islamic Movement of
• Armed Youth of Cherikha- Uzbekistan (IMU)
ye Fadayee • Jund Allah Organization for
• Committee of Solidarity the Sunni Mujahideen in
with Arab and Middle East Iran
Political Prisoners (CSPPA) • Movement of Islamic
• Fedayeen Khalq (People's Action of Iraq
Commandos) • Peykar
• Generation of Arab Fury • Shahin
Mexico
• Upper-middle-income economy
• High human development
• OECD member
• Advanced Emerging market
• G-20 major economies
• G8+5 member
• NAFTA, APEC member
• EAS founding member
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Terror in Mexico
Terrorism in Mexico
• Popular Revolutionary Army
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• 23rd of September Communist League
• Armed Communist League
• Comando Internacionalista Simon Bolivar
• Comando Jaramillista Morelense 23 de Mayo
• EZLN
• Group of Guerilla Combatants of Jose Maria Morelos y
Pavon (CGNJMMP)
• Justice Army of Defenseless People (EJPI)
• Mara Salvatruchas
• Movimiento Armado Nacionalista Organizacion (MANO)
• People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FRAP)
• Popular Revolutionary Army
• Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People (FARP)
• Revolutionary Worker Clandestine Union of the People
Party
• United Popular Liberation Army of America
Nigeria
• Lower-middle-income economy
• Medium human development
• Frontier market
• Flawed Democracy
• AU member
• OPEC member
• Developing 8 Countries
• Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS) member
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Terror in Nigeria
Terrorism in Nigeria
DT
• Hisba
HVE
• Boko Haram (Jama’atul Alhul Sunnah
Lidda’wati wal Jihad)
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• Hisba
• Iduwini Youths
• Movement for Democracy and
Development (MDD)
• Movement for the Emancipation of
the Niger Delta (MEND)
• Odua Peoples' Congress
Pakistan
• Lower-middle-income economy
• Medium human development
• Secondary Emerging market
• Hybrid Regime
• Almost 95% of citizens devout
Muslims
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Terror in Pakistan
Terrorism in Pakistan
DT • Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ)
• Tehreek-e-Taliban • Sipah-e-Mohammed
Pakistan (TTP) Pakistan (SMP)
• Lashkar-e-Omar (LeO) OTH
• Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e- • Jamaat ul-Fuqra (JF)
Shariat-e-Mohammadi • Nadeem Commando (NC),
(TNSM) • Popular Front for Armed
HVE Resistance (PFAR)
• Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan • Muslim United Army
(SSP). (MuA)
• Tehreek-e-Jaferia Pakistan • Harkat-ul-Mujahideen Al-
(TJP) alami
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• 313 • Harkat ul-Ansar
• al-Arifeen • Hizb-I Islami Gulbuddin (HIG)
• al-Badr • Hizbul Mujahideen (HM)
• al-Barq • Islami Inqilabi Mahaz
• al-Fuqra • Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
• al-Islambouli Brigades of al-Qaeda (IMU)
• al-Madina • Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM)
• al-Mansoorain • Jamiat ul-Mujahedin (JuM)
• al-Nawaz • Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ)
• al-Qaeda • Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT)
• al-Qanoon • Lashkar-I-Omar
• al-Umar Mujahideen • Mohajir Qami Movement-Haqiqi
• al-Zulfikar (MQM-H)
• Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) • Muslim United Army
• Black December • Muttahida Qami Movement (MQM)
• Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami (HUJI) • National Movement for the
Restoration of Pakistani Sovereignty
• Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HuM) • Sipah-e-Sahaba/Pakistan (SSP)
• Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) • Al Badr • Al Mustafa Liberation Fighters
• Lashkar-e-Omar (LeO) • Jamait-ul-Mujahideen (JuM) • Tehrik-e-Jehad-e-Islami
• Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP) • Lashkar-e-Jabbar (LeJ) • Muslim Mujahideen
• Tehreek-e-Jaferia Pakistan (TJP) • Harkat-ul-Jehad-al-Islami(HUJI) • Al Mujahid Force
• Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e- • Muttahida Jehad Council (MJC) • Tehrik-e-Jehad
Mohammadi(TNSM) • Al Barq • Islami Inquilabi Mahaz
• Lashkar-eJhangvi (LeJ) • Tehrik-ul-Mujahideen • Al-Rashid Trust
• Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan • Al Jehad • Al-Akhtar Trust
(SMP) • Jammu & Kashir National • Rabita Trust
• Jamaat-ul-Fuqra Liberation Army • Ummah Tamir-e-Nau
• Nadeem Commando • People’s League
• Popular Front for Armed • Muslim Janbaz Force
Resistance • Kashmir Jehad Force
• Muslim United Army • Al Jehad Force (combines Muslim
• Harkat-ul-Mujahideen Al- Janbaz Force and Kashmir Jehad
alami(HuMA) Force)
• Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) • Al Umar Mujahideen
• Harkat-ul-Ansar (HuA, presently • Mahaz-e-Azadi
known as Harkat-ul Mujahideen) • Islami Jamaat-e-Tulba
• Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) • Jammu & Kashmir Students
• Jaish-e-Mohammad Mujahideen E- Liberation Front
Tanzeem (JeM) • Ikhwan-ul-Mujahideen
• Harkat-ul Mujahideen (HuM, • Islamic Students League
previously known as Harkat-ul-
Ansar) • Tehrik-e-Hurriat-e-Kashmir
• Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqar Jafaria
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Philippines
• Lower-middle-income economy
• Medium human development
• Secondary Emerging market
• Flawed democracy
• Most are Catholic
Terror in the Philippines
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Terrorism in the Philippines
DT
• Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)
• Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
• Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)
• New People's Army (NPA)
• Abdurajak Janjalani Brigade (AJB)
• Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)
• Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB)
• al-Qaeda
• Free Vietnam Revolutionary Group
• Indigenous People's Federal Army (IPFA)
• Jemaah Islamiya (JI)
• Kabataang Makabayan (KM)
• Kumpulan Mujahidin Malaysia (KMM)
• Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
• Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)
• New People's Army (NPA)
• People's Revolutionary Front (Philippines)
• Rajah Solaiman Movement
• Rebolusyonaryong Hukbong Bayan (RHB)
• Taong Bayan at Kawal
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Turkey
• Upper-middle-income economy
• High human development, democracy
• OECD founding member
• Advanced Emerging market
• G-20 major economies
• EU Customs Union
• ECO member
• EU associate member
• Developing 8 Countries
Terror in Turkey
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Terrorism in Turkey
DT
• Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy Congress
(PKK-KONGRA GEL, formerly Kurdistan
Workers Party [PKK])
• Turkish Hizballah (Party of God)
• Revolutionary People’s Liberation Party/Front
(DHKP/C or Dev-Sol)
• 28 May Armenian Organization • Moroccan Islamic Combatant
• al-Qaeda Group
• Apo's Revenge Hawks • Nationalist Kurdish Revenge
• Apo's Youth Revenge Brigades Teams
• Black Friday • People's Liberation Army of
Kurdistan (ARGK)
• Communist Workers Movement • PKK/KONGRA-GEL
• DHKP/C • TKEP/L
• HPG • TKP/ML-TIKKO
• Iraqi Liberation Army • Turkish Hezbollah
• Islamic Great Eastern Raiders • Turkish Islamic Jihad
Front
• Islamic International • Turkish People's Liberation
Peacekeeping Brigade (IIPB) Army (TPLA)
• June 16 Organization • Turkish People's Liberation
Front (TPLF) (THKP-C)
• Kurdish Islamic Unity Party
• Kurdish Patriotic Union
• Kurdistan Freedom Hawks
• Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)
• Mahir Cayan Suicide Group
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South Korea
• Advanced economy (both CIA and IMF), High-
income economy
• Very High human development, High-income
OECD member, Developed market
• 90% of households have high speed internet
Terror in South Korea
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Terrorism in South Korea
• Dawatul Islamia of Korea
• MWL
• IIRO
• WAMY
• JEIB
(not listed, on search,
only reference – no presence)
• Anarchist Faction
• Revolutionary Army
• Aum Shinrikyo / Aleph
• Black Panthers
• Kenkoku Giyugun Chosen Seibatsutai
• Sekihotai
• Usd Allah
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Vietnam
• Lower-middle-income economy
• Fast emerging
• Medium human development
• Frontier market
• Authoritarian regime
• APEC member
• EAS founding member.
Terror in Vietnam
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• Free Vietnam Revolutionary Group
Summary
Terrorism Threat No Terrorism Threat
• Bangladesh, Egypt, • South Korea
Indonesia, Iran, • Vietnam
Mexico, Nigeria,
Pakistan,
Philippines, Turkey
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Timeline
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Bangladesh
Philippines Philippines
Vietnam South Korea Turkey Mexico Indonesia
Iran
South Korea Pakistan Pakistan
Iran Egypt Nigeria
South Korea Iran
South Korea
Turkey Philippines
Vietnam Indonesia Bangladesh
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