1. Sierra Club & CarbonfreeDC: The Potential of Microgrids
Making the World Safe for Local Power
Shalom Flank, Ph.D.
Chief Technology Officer & Microgrid Architect
February 20, 2013

2. What is a Pareto Microgrid?
• A Megawatt-scale system with an
• Always-on utility interconnection that
• Combines multiple energy sources and
• Operates autonomously (always-islanded) and is
• Well-suited for local ownership and control

3. Easy Integration of Multiple Sources of Local Power
Incoming Utility Power
GridLink™
Fuel Cells
Parking Canopy PV
Local Distribution Microgrid
Existing
Backup Gensets
Combined Heat & Power
Wind Turbines Energy Storage Geothermal
(Bldg Integrated & Remote)

4. Connecting Distributed Resources to the Utility
Penetration Limit Issues:
• Voltage Regulation
• Overcurrent / Fault Current
Central Power
• Grounding
• Switching / service restoration
PV Panels
CHP / Trigeneration
GridLink™
Distributed Energy Microgrid
Water Treatment
Facility
Storage
Local Power:
(eg. Biosolids)

5. Pepco DC: Local Power Applications
Pepco 2011 Interconnection Report to DC-PSC (Docket 1050, Order 16601)
Level / Size Number of Applications Total kW
1 (<10kW) 163 612
2 (10kW – 2MW) 19 805
3 No export, no spot 1 0
networks
(>50kW area network)
4 (2MW-10MW) 1 9200
2011 Level 3, 16kW on Spot network, would have required Level 4 Application:
Project abandoned
2010 Level 4, 50kW on Spot network, limited to 5% of peak load:
Reduced size to 36kW

6. Pepco DC: Load Growth vs. Local Power
“The more generation that is added to a particular circuit, the greater the
potential that a circuit limitation will be exceeded, which would result in the
denial of new interconnection requests.” (2011 Interconnection Report, p4)
Peak MW (2342)
(2179)
# of New (2240)
Projects
(183)
(124) (264)
MW
Sources:
• Pepco 2011 Interconnection Report to DC-PSC: (Docket 1050, Order 16601)
• 2012 Pepco Consolidated Report (3/15/2012)

7. Penetration Limits for Local Power
Utility / Report Feeder / Section Source
DG Limit
NREL “Ubiquitous” national “Updating Small Generator
threshold 15% Interconnection Procedures
for New Market Conditions”
(p 3)
Ontario Hydro 7% “Technical Interconnection
Requirements for DG” Item
5.3.2.i (p7)
Pepco Radial circuit: 15% DC Small Generator
Spot Network (load side): 5% Interconnection Rules:
4004.2 (a, c)
California 15% peak load (5% spot) Revised CA Rule 21
(100% of daytime min load) (9/20/2012)
5% Utility service territory cap

8. Too many problems – is there a simple solution?

9. Pareto GridLink Technology

10. Local Power: Clean Energy Microgrids

11. Microgrids: Making the World Safe for Local Power
• Interconnection: No impact on distribution system,
insert any amount of generation anywhere on the
network
• Penetration depth: Improved stability for the
macrogrid
• Renewables: Easy integration of dispersed generation
throughout the microgrid
• Reliability: No interruption during grid outage, ride-
through for grid disturbances
• Independence: Autonomous operation, local control

12. Pareto Energy Contacts
Guy Warner
CEO
gwarner@paretoenergy.com
202-903-0758
Shalom Flank, Ph.D.
Chief Technology Officer & Microgrid Architect
sflank@paretoenergy.com
202-903-0758
Christopher Niebylski
Director, Microgrid Analytics
cniebylski@paretoenergy.com
202-903-0758