SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 23
Baixar para ler offline
Cara Owens RWS 305 W Spring 2012
Review of Argument and
Introduction to Rhetoric and
           PACES

        Cara Owens RWS 305 W Spring 2012
Cara Owens RWS 305 W Spring 2012
Let’s review argument

  •   Any piece of written, spoken or visual language designed to bring
      about some change in a reader’s, listener’s or viewer’s ideas or
      attitudes. An argument asks us to consider, believe or do something. It
      is a conclusion or claim based on evidence.

In rhetoric, argument does not refer to a situation in which people are
fighting. Rather, it refers to a situation in which people are making a case for
a way of seeing things.
More on argument
•   An argument has a claim about how the world is
    or should be.

•   It’s based on evidence and that evidence is
    appropriate for the context and genre of the
    argument.

•   Arguments take place in a context that is
    historical, political, and social.

•   Arguments have aims to either inquire, convince,
    persuade, and/or negotiate.
What working definition did you come up with to help
you understand and remember the term RHETORIC?
Here are two
 definitions
Here are two
 definitions
 •   From the Department of
     Rhetoric and Writing
     Studies: “The study, uses,
     and effects of written,
     spoken, and visual
     language.”

 •   From Aristotle: “the
     faculty of observing in
     any case all of the
     available means of
     persuasion.”
Here are two
 definitions
PACES


• Here are some key terms that we will be
  going over during the course of the
  semester: Project, Argument, Claims,
  Evidence, and Strategies.
Project
Project
•   An author’s project describes the kind of work she
    sets out to do – her purpose and the method she
    uses to carry it out. It is the overall activity that the
    writer is engaged in--researching, investigating,
    experimenting, interviewing, documenting, etc. Try
    to imagine what the author’s goals or hypotheses
    were as she wrote the text. To articulate a project—
    and to write an account— you need a verb, such as
    “researches,” “investigates,” “studies,” “presents,”
    “connects A with B,” etc.
Argument
Argument
•   In the broadest sense, an argument is any piece of
    written, spoken, or visual language designed to
    persuade an audience or bring about a change in
    ideas/attitudes. Less broadly, in academic writing the
    argument often refers to the main point, assertion or
    conclusion advanced by an author, along with the
    evidence and reasoning by which this is established.
    Arguments are concerned with contested issues where
    some degree of uncertainty exists (we don’t argue
    about what is self-evident or agreed upon).
Claims
Claims
•   To make a claim is to assert that something is the case,
    and to provide evidence for this. Arguments may consist
    of numerous claims and sometimes also sub-claims.
    Claims in academic writing often consist of an assertion,
    the staking out of a position, the solution to a problem,
    or the resolution of some shortcoming, weakness or gap
    in existing research. Often comes with self-
    identification (“my point here is that…”) emphasis (“It
    must be stressed that…”) approval (“Olson makes
    some important and long overdue amendments to work
    on …”) or a problem/solution framework.
Evidence
Evidence
•   The component of the argument used as support
    for the claims made. Evidence is the support,
    reasons, data/information used to help persuade/
    prove an argument. To find evidence in a text, ask
    what the author has to go on. What is there to
    support this claim? Is the evidence credible? Some
    types of evidence: facts, historical examples/
    comparisons, examples, analogies, illustrations,
    interviews, statistics (source & date are important),
    expert testimony, authorities, anecdotes, witnesses,
    personal experiences, reasoning, etc.
Strategies
Strategies
•   A particular way in which authors craft language—both
    consciously and subconsciously—so as to have an
    effect on readers. Strategies are means of persuasion,
    ways of gaining a readers’ attention, interest, or
    agreement. Strategies can be identified in the way an
    author organizes her text, selects evidence, addresses
    the reader, frames an issue, presents a definition,
    constructs a persona or establishes credibility, appeals
    to authority, deals with opposing views, uses “meta-
    discourse,” makes particular use of style and tone,
    draws on particular tropes and images, as well as many
    of the other textual choices that can be identified.
More on Strategies
•   Strategies are often referred to in this class as Rhetorical
    Strategies.

•   It is what the author is doing as a writer.

•   By being able to look at, discuss, and analyze what
    another writer is doing, students then to begin to learn
    skills that help their writing.

•   We will begin to look at Rhetorical Strategies in Project
    #2 in terms of how David G. Myers uses expert
    testimony as a writer to build and support his argument.
Homework for Th 2/23
Homework for Th 2/23

•   Take Quiz #2 on Blackboard under Quizzes by 9am Th
    2/23. It is worth 25 points.

•   Read David G. Myers’s “The Secret of Happiness” Course
    Reader pages 37-41.

•   Research who Myers is.

•   Write down the main idea of each paragraph in Myers’s
    essay and bring to class. Handwritten is fine.

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Process of writing
Process of writingProcess of writing
Process of writingMara Luna
 
Foundations of health care practice
Foundations of health care practiceFoundations of health care practice
Foundations of health care practicedalwritingcentre
 
Types of essays
Types of essaysTypes of essays
Types of essaysMara Luna
 
Essay writing
Essay writingEssay writing
Essay writingbreediddy
 
The rhetorical triangle
The rhetorical triangleThe rhetorical triangle
The rhetorical triangleVictoria Rock
 
Academic Writing
Academic WritingAcademic Writing
Academic WritingUGPTI
 
Critical Evaluation: Critical Reading and Critical Thinking (web version)
Critical Evaluation: Critical Reading and Critical Thinking (web version)Critical Evaluation: Critical Reading and Critical Thinking (web version)
Critical Evaluation: Critical Reading and Critical Thinking (web version)Jamie Bisset
 
Graduate student writing: Finding your academic voice
Graduate student writing: Finding your academic voice Graduate student writing: Finding your academic voice
Graduate student writing: Finding your academic voice dalwritingcentre
 
Critical writing including evaluating resources
Critical writing   including evaluating resourcesCritical writing   including evaluating resources
Critical writing including evaluating resourcesdeepthought123
 
Rhetorical triangle power point
Rhetorical triangle power pointRhetorical triangle power point
Rhetorical triangle power pointWendy Scruggs
 
Writing Skills Boot Camp
Writing Skills Boot CampWriting Skills Boot Camp
Writing Skills Boot Camppbluna
 
Writing for Graduate School Applications
Writing for Graduate School ApplicationsWriting for Graduate School Applications
Writing for Graduate School Applicationsdalwritingcentre
 
What an essay is
What an essay isWhat an essay is
What an essay isvanesaee
 

Mais procurados (20)

Process of writing
Process of writingProcess of writing
Process of writing
 
Foundations of health care practice
Foundations of health care practiceFoundations of health care practice
Foundations of health care practice
 
Types of essays
Types of essaysTypes of essays
Types of essays
 
Essay Writing Week 1
Essay Writing Week 1Essay Writing Week 1
Essay Writing Week 1
 
Essay writing
Essay writingEssay writing
Essay writing
 
The rhetorical triangle
The rhetorical triangleThe rhetorical triangle
The rhetorical triangle
 
Rhetorical analysis
Rhetorical analysisRhetorical analysis
Rhetorical analysis
 
Academic Writing
Academic WritingAcademic Writing
Academic Writing
 
Advice on academic writing
Advice on academic writingAdvice on academic writing
Advice on academic writing
 
Critical Evaluation: Critical Reading and Critical Thinking (web version)
Critical Evaluation: Critical Reading and Critical Thinking (web version)Critical Evaluation: Critical Reading and Critical Thinking (web version)
Critical Evaluation: Critical Reading and Critical Thinking (web version)
 
Critical reading
Critical readingCritical reading
Critical reading
 
Graduate student writing: Finding your academic voice
Graduate student writing: Finding your academic voice Graduate student writing: Finding your academic voice
Graduate student writing: Finding your academic voice
 
TA presentation
TA presentationTA presentation
TA presentation
 
Critical writing including evaluating resources
Critical writing   including evaluating resourcesCritical writing   including evaluating resources
Critical writing including evaluating resources
 
Rhetorical triangle power point
Rhetorical triangle power pointRhetorical triangle power point
Rhetorical triangle power point
 
Writing Skills Boot Camp
Writing Skills Boot CampWriting Skills Boot Camp
Writing Skills Boot Camp
 
Writing for Graduate School Applications
Writing for Graduate School ApplicationsWriting for Graduate School Applications
Writing for Graduate School Applications
 
Academic writing
Academic writingAcademic writing
Academic writing
 
Writing philosophy papers
Writing philosophy papersWriting philosophy papers
Writing philosophy papers
 
What an essay is
What an essay isWhat an essay is
What an essay is
 

Semelhante a Arg rhetoric paces rws 305 w sp 2012

The Art of Teaching Argument
The Art of Teaching ArgumentThe Art of Teaching Argument
The Art of Teaching Argumentdeliadec
 
S4. qualitative 2019
S4. qualitative 2019S4. qualitative 2019
S4. qualitative 2019collierdr709
 
S4. qualitative 2019
S4. qualitative 2019S4. qualitative 2019
S4. qualitative 2019collierdr709
 
Successful Assignments
Successful AssignmentsSuccessful Assignments
Successful AssignmentsSeekerEsparza
 
0 circle introduction
0 circle introduction0 circle introduction
0 circle introductionsh8
 
Untitled design (16) ppt presentation template.pptx
Untitled design (16) ppt presentation template.pptxUntitled design (16) ppt presentation template.pptx
Untitled design (16) ppt presentation template.pptxRubyAnne11
 
Academic Writing
Academic Writing Academic Writing
Academic Writing DMLab
 
AP Lang – Argumentative Research Project – 2018 Objective.docx
AP Lang – Argumentative Research Project – 2018  Objective.docxAP Lang – Argumentative Research Project – 2018  Objective.docx
AP Lang – Argumentative Research Project – 2018 Objective.docxfestockton
 
Synthesis Assignment Instructions and RubricSynthesis Essay. .docx
Synthesis Assignment Instructions and RubricSynthesis Essay.  .docxSynthesis Assignment Instructions and RubricSynthesis Essay.  .docx
Synthesis Assignment Instructions and RubricSynthesis Essay. .docxmattinsonjanel
 
Philip Sykas - MIRIAD critical literature review
Philip Sykas - MIRIAD critical literature reviewPhilip Sykas - MIRIAD critical literature review
Philip Sykas - MIRIAD critical literature reviewMIRIADonline
 
Grade 7-Oral Language, stance, behavior.ppt
Grade 7-Oral Language, stance, behavior.pptGrade 7-Oral Language, stance, behavior.ppt
Grade 7-Oral Language, stance, behavior.pptMariaAngeliRegalado
 
1._2_Evaluating_Written_Texts_by_Analyzing_Claims_Grade_12.pptx
1._2_Evaluating_Written_Texts_by_Analyzing_Claims_Grade_12.pptx1._2_Evaluating_Written_Texts_by_Analyzing_Claims_Grade_12.pptx
1._2_Evaluating_Written_Texts_by_Analyzing_Claims_Grade_12.pptxMaricarValdez6
 
Week 1: Using evidence in writing
Week 1: Using evidence in writingWeek 1: Using evidence in writing
Week 1: Using evidence in writingADT U2B
 
engpatternsofdevelopment.pdf
engpatternsofdevelopment.pdfengpatternsofdevelopment.pdf
engpatternsofdevelopment.pdfAprilynBermudez3
 
DSWBL Week 1: Using evidence in writing
DSWBL Week 1: Using evidence in writingDSWBL Week 1: Using evidence in writing
DSWBL Week 1: Using evidence in writingADT U2B
 
The academic essay: Identifying viewpoints
The academic essay: Identifying viewpointsThe academic essay: Identifying viewpoints
The academic essay: Identifying viewpointsDebbie Lahav
 
Eng. 091 the argument paper copy-1(2)
Eng. 091 the argument paper copy-1(2)Eng. 091 the argument paper copy-1(2)
Eng. 091 the argument paper copy-1(2)Karen Wright
 
12th ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION
12th ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION12th ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION
12th ARGUMENT AND PERSUASIONHannah Clzianoski
 
Critical Thinking and Writing- Dr Ryan Thomas Williams
Critical Thinking and Writing- Dr Ryan Thomas WilliamsCritical Thinking and Writing- Dr Ryan Thomas Williams
Critical Thinking and Writing- Dr Ryan Thomas WilliamsRyan Williams
 

Semelhante a Arg rhetoric paces rws 305 w sp 2012 (20)

The Art of Teaching Argument
The Art of Teaching ArgumentThe Art of Teaching Argument
The Art of Teaching Argument
 
S4. qualitative 2019
S4. qualitative 2019S4. qualitative 2019
S4. qualitative 2019
 
S4. qualitative 2019
S4. qualitative 2019S4. qualitative 2019
S4. qualitative 2019
 
Successful Assignments
Successful AssignmentsSuccessful Assignments
Successful Assignments
 
0 circle introduction
0 circle introduction0 circle introduction
0 circle introduction
 
Untitled design (16) ppt presentation template.pptx
Untitled design (16) ppt presentation template.pptxUntitled design (16) ppt presentation template.pptx
Untitled design (16) ppt presentation template.pptx
 
Academic Writing
Academic Writing Academic Writing
Academic Writing
 
AP Lang – Argumentative Research Project – 2018 Objective.docx
AP Lang – Argumentative Research Project – 2018  Objective.docxAP Lang – Argumentative Research Project – 2018  Objective.docx
AP Lang – Argumentative Research Project – 2018 Objective.docx
 
Synthesis Assignment Instructions and RubricSynthesis Essay. .docx
Synthesis Assignment Instructions and RubricSynthesis Essay.  .docxSynthesis Assignment Instructions and RubricSynthesis Essay.  .docx
Synthesis Assignment Instructions and RubricSynthesis Essay. .docx
 
Philip Sykas - MIRIAD critical literature review
Philip Sykas - MIRIAD critical literature reviewPhilip Sykas - MIRIAD critical literature review
Philip Sykas - MIRIAD critical literature review
 
Grade 7-Oral Language, stance, behavior.ppt
Grade 7-Oral Language, stance, behavior.pptGrade 7-Oral Language, stance, behavior.ppt
Grade 7-Oral Language, stance, behavior.ppt
 
1._2_Evaluating_Written_Texts_by_Analyzing_Claims_Grade_12.pptx
1._2_Evaluating_Written_Texts_by_Analyzing_Claims_Grade_12.pptx1._2_Evaluating_Written_Texts_by_Analyzing_Claims_Grade_12.pptx
1._2_Evaluating_Written_Texts_by_Analyzing_Claims_Grade_12.pptx
 
Week 1: Using evidence in writing
Week 1: Using evidence in writingWeek 1: Using evidence in writing
Week 1: Using evidence in writing
 
engpatternsofdevelopment.pdf
engpatternsofdevelopment.pdfengpatternsofdevelopment.pdf
engpatternsofdevelopment.pdf
 
123.pptx
123.pptx123.pptx
123.pptx
 
DSWBL Week 1: Using evidence in writing
DSWBL Week 1: Using evidence in writingDSWBL Week 1: Using evidence in writing
DSWBL Week 1: Using evidence in writing
 
The academic essay: Identifying viewpoints
The academic essay: Identifying viewpointsThe academic essay: Identifying viewpoints
The academic essay: Identifying viewpoints
 
Eng. 091 the argument paper copy-1(2)
Eng. 091 the argument paper copy-1(2)Eng. 091 the argument paper copy-1(2)
Eng. 091 the argument paper copy-1(2)
 
12th ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION
12th ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION12th ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION
12th ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION
 
Critical Thinking and Writing- Dr Ryan Thomas Williams
Critical Thinking and Writing- Dr Ryan Thomas WilliamsCritical Thinking and Writing- Dr Ryan Thomas Williams
Critical Thinking and Writing- Dr Ryan Thomas Williams
 

Último

How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
NOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdf
NOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdfNOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdf
NOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdfSumit Tiwari
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
How to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 Accounting
How to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 AccountingHow to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 Accounting
How to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 AccountingCeline George
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx
3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx
3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptxmary850239
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
How to Print Employee Resume in the Odoo 17
How to Print Employee Resume in the Odoo 17How to Print Employee Resume in the Odoo 17
How to Print Employee Resume in the Odoo 17Celine George
 

Último (20)

How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
NOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdf
NOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdfNOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdf
NOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdf
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
How to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 Accounting
How to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 AccountingHow to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 Accounting
How to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 Accounting
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx
3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx
3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
How to Print Employee Resume in the Odoo 17
How to Print Employee Resume in the Odoo 17How to Print Employee Resume in the Odoo 17
How to Print Employee Resume in the Odoo 17
 

Arg rhetoric paces rws 305 w sp 2012

  • 1. Cara Owens RWS 305 W Spring 2012
  • 2. Review of Argument and Introduction to Rhetoric and PACES Cara Owens RWS 305 W Spring 2012
  • 3. Cara Owens RWS 305 W Spring 2012
  • 4. Let’s review argument • Any piece of written, spoken or visual language designed to bring about some change in a reader’s, listener’s or viewer’s ideas or attitudes. An argument asks us to consider, believe or do something. It is a conclusion or claim based on evidence. In rhetoric, argument does not refer to a situation in which people are fighting. Rather, it refers to a situation in which people are making a case for a way of seeing things.
  • 5. More on argument • An argument has a claim about how the world is or should be. • It’s based on evidence and that evidence is appropriate for the context and genre of the argument. • Arguments take place in a context that is historical, political, and social. • Arguments have aims to either inquire, convince, persuade, and/or negotiate.
  • 6. What working definition did you come up with to help you understand and remember the term RHETORIC?
  • 7. Here are two definitions
  • 8. Here are two definitions • From the Department of Rhetoric and Writing Studies: “The study, uses, and effects of written, spoken, and visual language.” • From Aristotle: “the faculty of observing in any case all of the available means of persuasion.”
  • 9. Here are two definitions
  • 10. PACES • Here are some key terms that we will be going over during the course of the semester: Project, Argument, Claims, Evidence, and Strategies.
  • 12. Project • An author’s project describes the kind of work she sets out to do – her purpose and the method she uses to carry it out. It is the overall activity that the writer is engaged in--researching, investigating, experimenting, interviewing, documenting, etc. Try to imagine what the author’s goals or hypotheses were as she wrote the text. To articulate a project— and to write an account— you need a verb, such as “researches,” “investigates,” “studies,” “presents,” “connects A with B,” etc.
  • 14. Argument • In the broadest sense, an argument is any piece of written, spoken, or visual language designed to persuade an audience or bring about a change in ideas/attitudes. Less broadly, in academic writing the argument often refers to the main point, assertion or conclusion advanced by an author, along with the evidence and reasoning by which this is established. Arguments are concerned with contested issues where some degree of uncertainty exists (we don’t argue about what is self-evident or agreed upon).
  • 16. Claims • To make a claim is to assert that something is the case, and to provide evidence for this. Arguments may consist of numerous claims and sometimes also sub-claims. Claims in academic writing often consist of an assertion, the staking out of a position, the solution to a problem, or the resolution of some shortcoming, weakness or gap in existing research. Often comes with self- identification (“my point here is that…”) emphasis (“It must be stressed that…”) approval (“Olson makes some important and long overdue amendments to work on …”) or a problem/solution framework.
  • 18. Evidence • The component of the argument used as support for the claims made. Evidence is the support, reasons, data/information used to help persuade/ prove an argument. To find evidence in a text, ask what the author has to go on. What is there to support this claim? Is the evidence credible? Some types of evidence: facts, historical examples/ comparisons, examples, analogies, illustrations, interviews, statistics (source & date are important), expert testimony, authorities, anecdotes, witnesses, personal experiences, reasoning, etc.
  • 20. Strategies • A particular way in which authors craft language—both consciously and subconsciously—so as to have an effect on readers. Strategies are means of persuasion, ways of gaining a readers’ attention, interest, or agreement. Strategies can be identified in the way an author organizes her text, selects evidence, addresses the reader, frames an issue, presents a definition, constructs a persona or establishes credibility, appeals to authority, deals with opposing views, uses “meta- discourse,” makes particular use of style and tone, draws on particular tropes and images, as well as many of the other textual choices that can be identified.
  • 21. More on Strategies • Strategies are often referred to in this class as Rhetorical Strategies. • It is what the author is doing as a writer. • By being able to look at, discuss, and analyze what another writer is doing, students then to begin to learn skills that help their writing. • We will begin to look at Rhetorical Strategies in Project #2 in terms of how David G. Myers uses expert testimony as a writer to build and support his argument.
  • 23. Homework for Th 2/23 • Take Quiz #2 on Blackboard under Quizzes by 9am Th 2/23. It is worth 25 points. • Read David G. Myers’s “The Secret of Happiness” Course Reader pages 37-41. • Research who Myers is. • Write down the main idea of each paragraph in Myers’s essay and bring to class. Handwritten is fine.

Notas do Editor

  1. \n
  2. \n
  3. \n
  4. \n
  5. \n
  6. \n
  7. \n
  8. \n
  9. \n
  10. \n
  11. \n
  12. \n
  13. \n
  14. \n
  15. \n