1) The first battle of Bull Run in July 1861 resulted in a defeat for the North and ended hopes of a quick victory. This led Lincoln to extend enlistments to 3 years and the Northern army to dig in around Washington D.C. 2) In October 1861, Confederate President Jefferson Davis appointed John Slidell and James Mason as diplomats to Europe but in November Captain Wilkes of the Union navy intercepted their ship in violation of international law, heightening tensions with Britain. 3) In March 1862 the new Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia destroyed two Union ships in the Battle of Hampton Roads before being fought to a standstill that day by the revolutionary Union ironclad USS Monitor, marking a

1. CHAPTER 4 PART TWO
THE CIVIL WAR
1861-1865

2. The First Battle of Bull Run
July 1861
Ended in a Northern
defeat just outside
Washington, D.C.
Ended their hope of
a quick victory
Where Lt. General
Thomas Jackson was
given the nickname
“Stonewall”

3. Battle of
Bull Run
Washington,
D.C.

4. Northern defeat at Bull Run
resulted in:
• Lincoln extending enlistments
from 3 months to 3 years
• Northern Army digging in
around capital

5. The Trent Affair
Confederate President Davis appointed
John Slidell and James Mason as
diplomatic agents in October, 1861,
with power to enter into conventions
for treaties with England and France.
After arriving in Havana, Cuba, they
boarded a British steamship, the Trent.
Mason was headed for England and
Slidell for France.

6. Southern Ambassadors sent
to Europe by Jefferson Davis
John Slidell James Mason

7. On 8 November, Captain Wilkes and
the sloop San Jacinto intercepted the
Trent and removed Slidell and Mason
by force, an action in direct violation
of international law.
Captain
Charles Wilkes
San Jacinto

8. As a result of the removal of the
ambassadors, there were cries for war,
and the British fleet was mobilized.

9. Bull Run had temporarily stopped
military activity in the east, but
not
in the upper Tennessee and
Mississippi River Valleys.
Things were about to take place
that would foretell the defeat of
the Confederacy.

11. Union River Gunboats
• First U.S. ironclads
• Mobile artillery

12. Foote’s river squadron
demolished
Fort Henry.
General
Ulysses S. Grant
Commodore
Andrew Foote

13. Fort Donelson
Grant captured the fort
from the land side.

14. Battle of Shiloh
Pittsburg
Landing

15. Union gunboats pounded Confederate
positions and protected Grant’s flank
until reinforcements arrived.

16. New Orleans
The South’s largest and
most important port city

17. Flag Officer
David Farragut
• Assembled his
fleet of:
1 frigate
4 sloops
1 paddle-wheeler
12 gunboats
20 schooners
• His big chance

19. Farragut’s fleet going single file
through
barrier at Ft. Jackson and Ft. St. Philip

20. Commander
David Porter
Commanded mortar
boats protecting rear
of fleet at the barrier

21. April 28, 1862
New Orleans surrendered

22. New Orleans’ Loss Impacted the South
• The Confederacy was not
recognized
by the British and French.
• The Confederacy had little chance to

23. Union naval forces
and armies now
converged from
the north and
south on Vicksburg,
Mississippi, the
major remaining
Confederate
fortress on the
river.

24. A major naval battle - the only real
fleet
action of the war – was fought in the
Mississippi at Memphis, Tennessee.
Memphis
Vicksburg

25. The entire Confederate Navy was
destroyed on the Mississippi River at
Memphis, except for the CSS
Arkansas.

26. The high
bluffs
at Vicksburg
prevented
serious naval
bombardment
of the city.

27. Farragut’s fleet patrolled, transported
troops, protected Union Army’s flanks,
and prevented Confederate relief of the
city of Vicksburg.

28. Confederates raised the steam frigate
Merrimack and converted her into the
first Confederate ironclad.

29. • Directed the plan to
raise the Merrimack
• Believed the vessel
would drive Union
blockaders from
the
mouth of the
Chesapeake
Stephen Mallory
Confederate
Secretary
of the Navy

30. CSS Virginia
(ex-Merrimack)
• Speed of 4 knots
• Drew too much water
• Danger to wooden vessels

31. • Deck overlaid with iron plates
• 9-inch Dahlgren guns
• 6-inch rifles
• 7-inch pivot guns
• Iron ram

32. • First superintendent
of the U.S. Naval
Academy
• Resigned his U.S.
Navy commission
• Received
Confederate
commission
• Commanded the
CSS Virginia
Commander
Franklin Buchanan

33. March 1862
CSS Virginia
was ready to
fight.

34. • Appointed an
Ironclad Board
of Officers
Secretary of the Navy
Gideon Welles

35. • Awarded contract to
build first Union
ironclad steamship
John Ericsson

36. Ericsson incorporated 40 new patents
in the design of the Monitor.

37. Steam-propelled, armored warship
of very low freeboard, having one
or more turrets and used for coastal
defense
The first of such warships was used
against the Confederate ironclad
warship Virginia at Hampton Roads,
VA, in 1862.
Monitor

38. • Only a foot of freeboard
• Two 11-inch Dahlgren guns
• Armor plated
• Overhang to protect screw and rudder
• Steam powered 14-ton turret

39. A domelike, sometimes heavily
armored structure, usually
revolving horizontally, within
which guns are mounted, as
on
a fortification, ship, or aircraft
Turret

40. Commanding
Officer
USS Monitor
Commissioned
25 Feb 1862
LT John L.

41. The Union plan was to land at Fort
Monroe and threaten Richmond.
Norfolk
Ft. Monroe
Hampton Roads
Richmond
VA

42. • Led the attack
on Richmond
General
George McClellan

43. Union
Blockade
Ships
USS
Cumberland
USS
Congress

44. Jones relieved
Commander
Buchanan when
he was struck
by a Minié ball.
.58
caliber
LT Catesby Jones

45. The USS Minnesota had run aground
and was too far into the shoal waters
to accurately be fired upon.

46. The Monitor took up position near the
Minnesota to protect her from the
Virginia.

47. The Monitor was more
maneuverable,
but her guns could not penetrate the

48. LT Samuel Greene took command of
the Monitor when LT Worden was
injured.

49. The battle between the two vessels
was indecisive. Within a year, the
Virginia was blown up to prevent
capture, and the Monitor sank in a
storm off the Carolina Capes.

50. The wreck of the USS Monitor was
discovered in 1973, and various parts
have been recovered, including its
engine and turret.

51. McClellan was now able to move
on
Norfolk
Ft. Monroe
Hampton Roads
Richmond
VA

52. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac
prepared to meet General Robert
E.

53. Commander of the
Confederate Army
of Virginia
General
Robert E. Lee

54. Seven Days’ Battles
• Lee pushed McClellan back from
Richmond.
• McClellan’s army was forced to
withdraw to defend Washington.
• Lee hoped to gain Maryland as a
Confederate State and move into
Pennsylvania.

55. Seven Days’
Battles
Lee wanted to
gain diplomatic
recognition and
military aid from
the European
countries.

56. END OF PART
TWO