HEAT STRESS PREVENTION – A CASE STUDY | Dr. Divyang Shah, – Occupational Health & Medical Services

Technical Session # (Include session no.)
Topic : (Include topic name)
HEAT STRESS
PREVENTION
– A CASE
STUDY
Dr. Divyang Shah
MD (PSM), DIH
Deputy General Manager
– Occupational Health &
Medical Services,
Alan Shreeve
Head - Construction
Cairn India Ltd.

Agenda

Heat Storage =
Metabolism ± Radiation ± Conduction ± Convection - Evaporation
Heat Stress is the burden or load of heat that must be dissipated if the body is
to remain in thermal equilibrium.
What is heat stress?

Causal Factors
Job factors-
• Types of clothing's/ PPEs
• Work load

Effect on Body Due To Increase of Core Temp.
Exposure to hot environment
Body temperature rises
To get rid of excess heat heart rate increases
Blood flow to skin increases which carried away the excess heat from vital organs to
skin
Body sweats
Evaporation of sweat
Results in decrease in body temp

Effects of Heat Stress
HEAT CRAMPS

Rajasthan, situated in the western part of India is known for the
largest desert in Indian subcontinent. The largest discovery of oil in
Indian soil was made in 2006.

Problem Statement
The death toll is expected to rise with experts forecasting
temperatures approaching 50 oC (122 oF) in coming months.
More than 100 people are reported to have died in the
state of Gujarat where the mercury topped at 48.5 oC last
week. At least 90 died in Maharashtra, 35 in Rajasthan and
34 in Bihar.

Problem Statement
• 2009-10 The peak of
construction activities
• More than 18000
workforce were involved
in construction and
commissioning activities
• The temperature in this
area usually reaches up
to 480C (1200F) in
summer,
• Being a mega
construction project, all
personnel were pressed
against tight project
execution schedule.
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Jan/04
Apr/04
Jul/04
Oct/04
Jan/05
Apr/05
Jul/05
Oct/05
Jan/06
Apr/06
Jul/06
Oct/06
Jan/07
Apr/07
Jul/07
Oct/07
Jan/08
Apr/08
Jul/08
Oct/08
Jan/09
Apr/09
Jul/09
Oct/09
Jan/10
TempoC
Maximum Temperature over last 6 years
Average Max.
Highest

Major Activities
Work at Height
Excavation
Manual Material Handling
Civil / Earthen work
Travel

INTERVENTIONS

Management commitment
Rahul Dhir, CEO & MD
Elango P, Interim CEO
Executive Directors

Heat Stress Prevention Guidelines
Table of Contents
DOCUMENT CHANGE HISTORY 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
1. PURPOSE 3
2. SCOPE 3
3. DEFINITIONS 3
4. RECOGNIZE THE HEAT STRESS HAZARD IN TERMS OF
BODY TEMPERATURE: 4
5. EVALUATION: 5
6. CONTROL: 6
7. ACCLIMATISATION 8
8. MONITORING REGIME 8
9. TRAINING AND SUPPORT 9
10. RESPONSIBILITIES 9
11. REFERENCES 10
APPENDIX–A FITNESS FOR WORK IN HEAT STRESS ENVIRONMENT 11
APPENDIX-B HEAT STRESS INDICES 12
APPENDIX-C FLAG SIGNS AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS 14
APPENDIX-D WBGT AND RECOMMENDED WORK REST REGIME 16
APPENDIX–E SELF EVALUATION 17
APPENDIX-F GUIDELINES FOR ACCLIMATISATION AND RE-
ACCLIMATISATION 18
APPENDIX-G EFFECTS OF HEAT STRESS 19

Cairn India HSS October 13
Control of Heat Stress
 Acclimatization
 Fluid Replacement
 Engineering Controls
 Work Practices
 Administrative Controls
 PPEs

Cairn India HSS October 13
Acclimatisation
Activity (Percentage of full work assignment)
Day Experienced Worker New Worker
1st 50% 20%
2nd 60% 40%
3rd 80% 60%
4th 100% 80%
5th 100% 100%

Awareness campaign
Self Evaluation
Urine
Colour
Interpretation and
remedy
Extremely Dehydrated
Drink water immediately
Mildly Dehydrated
Drink More Water
Not dehydrated
Drink water regularly

Heat index chart
Relative Humidity in %
100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
AirTemp(inOC)
49 50 49
48 49 48
47 50 47 47
46 49 46 46
45 50 47 45 45
44 49 46 43 44
43 49 47 45 42 43
42 50 48 46 43 41 42
41 48 46 44 42 40 41
40 49 47 45 43 41 39 40
39 49 47 45 43 41 40 37 39
38 49 47 45 43 42 40 39 36 38
37 49 47 45 44 42 40 38 37 35 37
36 50 49 47 45 43 42 40 39 37 36 34 36
35 50 48 47 45 43 42 40 39 37 36 35 33 35
34 49 48 46 45 43 42 40 39 37 36 34 34 31 34
33 50 48 47 46 44 43 41 40 38 37 36 34 33 33 30 33
32 50 49 48 46 45 44 42 41 40 38 37 35 34 33 32 30 29 32
31 50 49 48 47 45 44 43 42 40 39 38 37 35 34 33 32 30 29 28 31
30 48 47 46 44 43 42 41 40 39 37 36 35 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 30
29 46 45 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 29
28 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 30 30 29 28 27 26 25 28
27 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 28 26 25 27
26 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 33 32 31 30 29 27 27 26 25 26
25 37 36 35 34 33 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 26 25 25
24 35 34 33 33 32 31 30 29 28 28 27 26 25 24
23 33 32 31 31 30 29 28 28 27 26 25 23
22 31 30 30 29 28 27 27 26 25 25 22
21 29 29 28 27 26 26 25 21
100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
Old chart
Limitation: Requires WBGT meter, in absence of which
interpretation in incorrect
New chart
Advantage: Based on recent research and publication, does not
require special equipment, interpretation is based on air
temperature and relative humidity only.

Flag signs
Danger
Category/
Flag Colour
WBGT
Index
Humidex (Based on temp. and
humidity)
Heat related Health
Risk
Water
Requirement
(1 cup = ½ litre)
Work:
Rest
Period
(Minutes)
Controls
Humidex -1
Moderate physical
Work, unacclimatised
worker,
OR
Heavy physical work,
acclimatised worker
Humidex -2
Moderate physical
work, acclimatised
worker,
OR
Light physical work,
unacclimatised worker
IV. Extreme
Danger
≥40 ≥46 ≥50 Heat stroke or
sunstroke imminent
1 cup every 10
minutes
- A. For drilling & well
services activity*: Work rest
regime of 20:10 minutes,
worker must be acclimatized
B. For other Activities and
Operations:
Work inside the buildings
and under well ventilated
shed/ shade areas.
No work at elevation or
where exposed to direct sun
III. Danger 34-39 38-45 43-49 Sunstroke, Heat
Exhaustion or Heat
cramps likely.
Heat Stroke possible
with prolonged
exposure and physical
activity
1 cup every 15
minutes
30:10 Work under shade, Elevated
work stopped
II. Extreme
Caution
28-33 30-37 36-42 Heat stroke, Heat
Exhaustion or Heat
cramps possible with
prolonged exposure
and physical activity
1 cup every 20
minutes
45:15 No working alone,
Self-pace
I. Caution 22-27 Up to 29 Up to 35 Fatigue possible with
prolonged exposure
and physical activity.
1 cup every 30
minutes
Continuo
us work
Continuous visual
monitoring of workers in
direct sun and heavy work
*There are certain jobs (like preparing casings, cleaning, housekeeping etc) which can be planned during other than “Red Flag” period.
Rest periods do not necessarily mean that the workers are on break; these can be productive times. During the rest periods, workers may continue

•Heat Stress induction training
•Frequent workshops and road shows for workforce
•>700 earthen pots at worksite
•All workforce provided with insulated water bottle before entering the site
•Rest shelters
•Hourly monitoring and broadcasting of heat index
•Flag signs at work locations
to ensure continuous focus

Success:
Zero Incident of Heat Related Illness throughout the Project Period
Prime Minister of
India with First oil
from the facility

HEAT STRESS PREVENTION – A CASE STUDY | Dr. Divyang Shah, – Occupational Health & Medical Services

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HEAT STRESS PREVENTION – A CASE STUDY | Dr. Divyang Shah, – Occupational Health & Medical Services