2. THE INDIA GATE IS
LOCATED IN DELHI.
IT WAS BUILT TO PAY
THE HOMAGE TO
THE SOLDIERS WHO
DIED IN THE 1st
WORLD WAR.
THERE IS A SHRINE
UNDER THE GATE.

3. IT IS LOCATED AT
DELHI.
ON INDIPENDENCE
DAY THE PRIME
MINISTER OF INDIA
HOISTS THE
NATIONAL FLAG OF
INDIA (TIRANGA).

4. IT IS LOCATED AT
HYDERAVBAD.
IT WAS BUILT BY
MAHARAJA SULTAN
MOHAMMOD OULI
OUTB SHAH.
IT IS MORE THAN 400
YEARS OLD.
ITS EACH TOWER’S
HIGHT IS 53 METRES.

5. IT WAS BUILD BY AN
EMPEROR CALLED
SHAN JAHAN IN THE
MEMORY OF HIS
BELOVED WIFE
MUMTAZ MAHAL.
IT TOOK 20,000
LABOURERS AN
CRAFTSMEN TO
COMPLETE IT IN 22
YEARS

6. IT IS LOCATED AT
BIJAPUR,KARNATA
-KA.
IT IS THE SECOND
LARGEST DOME IN
THE WORLD.
THIS HUGE DOME
STANDS WITHOUT
ANY PILLOR.

7. THE QUTUB MINAR IS THE
HIGHEST STONE TOWER
IN INDIA.
IT IS SITUATED AT DELHI.
IT WAS STARTED
BUILDING BY A KING
NAMED QUTUB-UD-DIN
AIBAK AND WAS
COMPLETED BY
ILTUTMISH WHO WAS
THE NEXT KING.

8. IT IS LOVATED AT
JAIPUR.
HAWA MAHAL WAS
BUILT BY MAHARAJA
SWAI PRATAP SINGH
II.
IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS
THE PALACE OF
WINDS.

9. THE SUN TEMPLE IS
SITUATED AT
KONARK, NEAR PURI
IN ORISSA.
THE TEMPLE IS IN THE
SHAPE OF A HUGE
CCHARIOT WITH
TWELVE PAIRS OF
HUGE WHEELS
DRIVEN BY 7
HOURSES

10. THE MEENAKSHI
TEMPLE IS THE MOST
FAMOUS TEMPLE OF
MADURA.
IN THIS TEMPLE ,THERE
IS A HALL THAT HAS
ONE THOUSAND
PILLARS IN IT.

11. Causes for damage
• The main causes of damage to monuments are:
• High relative humidity and damp affect monuments as internal wooden dowels and
corroding metal fixings will expand. Both lead to splits and, in the case of ferrous armatures,
to the staining of the stone. Damp can also weaken joints made with plaster and organic
adhesives and thus endanger the structural stability of the sculpture.
• Alabaster dissolves if exposed to water, for example as a result of blocked guttering and
leaking roofs, and Purbeck marble (commonly used to set monumental brasses) breaks
down if subjected to damp.
• Carpeting of floors where the carpet has an impermeable backing, such as rubber, causes
damage to floor monuments underneath, including flaking to ledgerstones and corrosion to
monumental brasses. Such carpeting also drives moisture into the walls, leading to
damaging levels of moisture in wall monuments.
• Outdoor sculpture can be damaged by erosion through wind and rain, the effects of
pollutants, salt crystallization, deterioration due to the presence of lichens or moss, and the
cycles of wetting and drying.
• Monuments inside are generally less affected by destructive salt crystallization than outdoor
sculpture. However, salts may enter the stone through contact with damp walls or or floors
or by using inappropriate cleaning materials. This can lead to powdering of the surface and
loss of sculpted detail. UV and daylight can accelerate the deterioration and discolouration
of organic materials used for decoration, such as paint

12. Conservation of Monuments
• History and National Importance of Monuments
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 supervises the legal
formalities associated with the conservation of historical and archaeological monuments in
India. This is "an Act to provide for the preservation of ancient and historical monuments and
archaeological sites and remains of national importance, for the regulation of archaeological
excavations and for the protection of sculptures, carvings and other like objects."
• conservation Grouting by pressure and gravity Pointing, types of pointing Underpinning Rock
bolting, filleting and edging Inlay work Stucco work Tile work Glass work/mirror work/stained
glass work Monitoring of cracks (tell-tales and strain gauges) Plastering (walls and ceilings),
lathing, packing with lime concrete and surface treatment, water tightening the tops, purity of
water According to this Act, an "ancient monument" means any structure, erection or
monument, or any tumulus or place of interment, or any cave, rock-sculpture, inscription or
monolith which is of historical, archaeological or artistic interest and which has been in
existence for not less than 100 years.
• Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), State/Central bodies protect monuments that are of
national importance. These monuments are called "protected monuments", which mean
ancient monuments that are declared to be of national importance by or under this Act. There
are 3650 ancient monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance,
which are protected by ASI. Overall, there are around 8,000 monuments protected by the
government, which include temples, mosques, tombs, churches, cemeteries, forts, palaces,
step-wells, rock-cut caves, and secular architecture as well as ancient mounds and sites which
represent the remains of ancient habitation.