In this Slide show, we talk about the Caliphates system, and the Rise and evolution of the Arabic Nation (Ummah). The Abbasids era, the Sciences, Arts, and more. Enjoy

1. Arabic History and Culture The Caliphates EraThe Golden Age

3. His own people wanted to kill Him

4. in 622 AD Prophet Mohammad migrated to Medina along with his followers

5. This was known as Hijrah (the beginning of the Islamic Calendar)

6. Mohammad moved towards Mecca with 10,000 men in 629 AD and the battle was won without a single bloodshed

8. A single unified nation of Muslimbelievers (Ummah)

9. The Caliph is a successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad's political authority.

10. Sunni Islam dictates that the caliph should be selected by Shura, elected by Muslims or their representatives.

11. Followers of Shia Islam believe the caliph was an imam descended in a line from the Ahl al-Bayt(family tree).

13. Rashidun, 632-661 Umayyads, 7th-8th century Abbasids, 8th-13th century Shadow Caliphate, 13th-16th century Ottomans, 16th-20th century

14. Abbasids - "Islamic Golden Age“ Abbasids dynasty rose to power in 750 A.D. Under the Abbasids, Islamic civilization flourished. Most notable was the development of Arabic and poetry. Also the commerce and industry and the Arts and Science. Baghdad was made the new capital of the caliphate (moved from the previous capital, Damascus), it became one of the greatest cultural centers of the world. The Abbasids were said to be descendents of Abbas the uncle of Muhammad claiming that they were the 'messiah' or saviours of the people under the Ummayad. Harun El Rashid and Al Ma’moon, were great patrons of arts and Science. This era also saw the rise of classical Sufism.

15. Also the Golden Age contributed in the advance of: Agricultural Revolution Market economy Industrial growth Labour Technology Urbanization Sciences Architecture Literature Music Philosophy

16. End of the Golden Age Mongolian invasion (1206) Direct Reason. Despite a number of attempts by many writers, historical and modern, none seem to agree on the causes of decline. The main views on the causes of decline comprise the following: political mismanagement after the early Caliphs (10th century onwards), closure of the gates of ijtihad (12th century), institutionalisation of taqlid rather than bid'ah (13th century), foreign involvement by invading forces and colonial powers (11th century Crusades, 13th century Mongol Empire, 15th century Reconquista, 19th century European colonial empires), and the disruption to the cycle of equity based on IbnKhaldun's famous model of Asabiyyah (the rise and fall of civilizations) which points to the decline being mainly due to political and economic factors.