6. 9F9LGEë9 Q >AKAGDG?ë9
Cl j_ bgÑqrmjc* j_ npcqgèl tclrpgasj_p
gxosgcpb_ amlrglí_ bgqkglswclbm f_qr_
osc a_c nmp bc`_hm bc j_ npcqgèl _spgasj_p
gxosgcpb_, J_ tÉjtsj_ kgrp_j qc _`pc, Cqrc cq
sl cngqmbgm f_`grs_jkclrc qgjclagmqm*
ncpm nscbc _sqasjr_pqc amkm sl af_qosgbm
bc _ncprsp_ &Af?' n_rmjèegam qg qc jgkgr_
cj kmtgkgclrm bc j_q t_jt_q* amkm qsacbc
cl j_ cqrclmqgq kgrp_j,
Bcqnsàq bc osc qc _`p_ j_ tÉjtsj_ kgrp_j* f_w
sl ncpämbm bc jjcl_bm tclrpgasj_p pÉngbm* cl
cj osc j_ q_lepc djswc* cl j_ npgkcp_ d_qc bc
bgÉqrmjc* bcqbc j_ _späasj_ gxosgcpb_ f_qr_ cj
tclrpäasjm gxosgcpbm, Clrpc jmq lgémq w _bsj+
rmq hètclcq nscbc _n_pcacp sl rcpacp rmlm
a_pbä_am* 1R* nmp j_ bcq_acjcp_agèl pÉngb_ bc
j_ amjskl_ bc j_ q_lepc osc afma_ amlrp_ j_
n_pcb tclrpgasj_p, Cj rcpacp rmlm bc jmq _bsj+
rmq k_wmpcq* _ tcacq bclmkgl_bm °e_jmnc
nmp rcpacp rmlm¢* qscjc glbga_p sl a_k`gm
n_rmjèegam cl j_ bgqrclqg`gjgb_b tclrpgasj_p,
Nmp íjrgkm* _slosc lm qscjc _sqasjr_pqc
clrpc _bsjrmq q_lmq* cj as_prm rmlm a_pbä_+
am* 2R* k_pa_ j_ amlrp_aagèl _spgasj_p,
Npcacbc bc glkcbg_rm _j npgkcp rmlm bcj
qgesgclrc j_rgbm w pcdjch_* r_k`gàl* sl
a_k`gm n_rmjèegam cl j_ bgqrclqg`gjgb_b
tclrpgasj_p,
$ # $## #$.P A_wñ_ /P?d=0P 1P
OÑopkha @e~opkha
BCQBM J
KGCLRM BC JMQ RMLMQ
A
PBÀ
AMQ
?slosc rmbmq cqrmq _amlrcagkgclrmq qsacbcl cl cj j_bm gxosgcpbm bcj amp_xèl* cl cj
bcpcafm* cq bcagp cl j_ _späasj_ bcpcaf_* cj tclrpäasjm bcpcafm* j_ tÉjtsj_ rpgaíqngbc* j_
tÉjtsj_ nsjkml_p w j_ _prcpg_ nsjkml_p* masppcl a_k`gmq n_pcagbmq, J_q npcqgmlcq cl cj
tclrpäasjm bcpcafm w cl j_ _prcpg_ nsjkml_p qml qgelgdga_rgt_kclrc kclmpcq osc j_q bcj
j_bm gxosgcpbm, ?bckÉq* jmq _amlrcagkgclrmq bcj j_bm bcpcafm qscjcl qsacbcp _jem kÉq
r_pbc osc jmq bcj gxosgcpbm, Cl jse_p bc sl ílgam rmlm a_pbä_am* sqrcb nmbpÉ _sqasjr_p
bmq amknmlclrcq bgqackg`jcq* cj npgkcpm nmp cj agcppc bc j_ tÉjtsj_ _èprga_ bcj j_bm
gxosgcpbm* ?0* w cj qceslbm nmp cj agcppc bc j_ tÉjtsj_ nsjkml_p bcj j_bm bcpcafm* m N0,
$ # $##
LanÑk`k `a hhaj]`k
rajpne_qh]n n~le`k
.P A† /P?d= 0P
7. 9F9LGEë9 Q >AKAGDG?ë9
Amlqgbcpc cj qceslbm rmlm a_pbä_am* 0R* w qsq bmq amknmlclrcq* ? Ū w N0* kmrgt_bmq
dslb_kclr_jkclrc nmp cj agcppc bc j_q tÉjtsj_q _èprga_ w nsjkml_p* pcqncargt_kclrc,
Bsp_lrc j_ glqngp_agèl* cj rgcknm bc jjcl_bm bc j_q a_tgb_bcq bcpcaf_q _skclr_* aml jm
osc qc cjct_ cj tmjskcl qgqrêjgam bcj tclrpäasjm bcpcafm w qc npmjmle_ j_ bsp_agèl bc j_
cwcaagèl bc cqrc tclrpäasjm cl amkn_p_agèl aml cj tclrpäasjm gxosgcpbm tcaglm, Bc cqr_
k_lcp_* qc pcrp_q_ cj agcppc bc j_ tÉjtsj_ nsjkml_p* N0* bcqbm`j_lbm 0R cl bmq amknm+
lclrcq _sbg`jcq, Bsp_lrc j_ cqngp_agèl* cqrmq bmq amknmlclrcq qc dsqgml_l cl sl ílgam
rmlm* 0R, Pcascpbc osc* amkm j_q n_pcbcq bc j_q tcl_q amlrgclcl kclmq kíqasjm jgqm*
cj qgqrck_ tclmqm nmqcc kÉq a_n_agb_b osc cj qgqrck_ _prcpg_j w sl_ npcqgèl qgqrâkga_
kÉq `_h_, J_ bgqrclqg`gjgb_b w j_ gkncb_lag_ cl cj jcafm t_qasj_p nsjkml_p amlrpg`s+
wcl _j °rgcknm bc cqrp_lesj_agèl¢ osc pcrp_q_ N06,
?( 0
-
.P /P .P /P
EJOLEN=?E•J AOLEN=?E•J
Bc jmq bmq amknmlclrcq bcj qceslbm rmlm a_pbä_am* ? Ū qscjc qcp kÉq _jrm* amkm aml+
qcasclag_ bc j_ k_wmp npcqgèl _èprga_, Qc _sqasjr_ cl cj npcampbgm, Cl a_k`gm* NŪ cq
pcj_rgt_kclrc qs_tc* amkm amlqcasclag_ bc j_ kclmp npcqgèl bc j_ _prcpg_ nsjkml_p w
qc _sqasjr_ kchmp cl cj dmam npmngm* cj 0,ï w 1,cp cqn_agmq glrcpamqr_jcq gxosgcpbmq* acpa_
bcj cqrcplèl, Cq _osä bmlbc bc`c `sqa_p cj bcqbm`j_kgclrm bcj qceslbm rmlm a_pbä_am,
Cj npgkcp rmlm r_k`gàl nmqcc bmq amknmlclrcq* sl qmlgbm kgrp_j kÉq rcknp_lm w mrpm
rpgasqnäbcm* kÉq r_pbäm, Cj qmlgbm kgrp_j* cj amknmlclrc npglagn_j* cq ksafm kÉq _jrm*
amkm amlqcasclag_ sl_ tcx kÉq bc j_q cjct_b_q npcqgmlcq cl cj j_bm gxosgcpbm bcj amp_+
xèl, Qc nscbc _sqasjr_p cl rmbm cj npcampbgm w _ja_lx_ sl_ rml_jgb_b k_wmp cl j_ nslr_
bcj amp_xèl, Cj amknmlclrc rpgasqnäbcm kÉq qs_tc qc _sqasjr_ kchmp cl j_ n_prc gldcpgmp
bcj `mpbc cqrcpl_j gxosgcpbm9 cq _osä bmlbc bc`c _sqasjr_p cj bcqbm`j_kgclrm bcj npgkcp
rmlm, Cj amknmlclrc kgrp_j kÉq rcknp_lm w _jrm nscbc clk_qa_p_p cj qmlgbm rpgasqnä+
bcm w* nmp cqm* lm qgcknpc qc bcrcar_ cj bcqbm`j_kgclrm, Cj bcqbm`j_kgclrm bcj npgkcp
rmlm lm t_pä_ aml j_ pcqngp_agèl,
QMNJMQ A
PBÀ
AMQ
Jmq qmnjmq a_pbä_amq qc bgdcpclag_l bc jmq rmlmq nmp qs k_wmp bsp_agèl, Qc _rpg`swcl
_j djshm q_lesälcm rsp`sjclrm w nscbcl qcp °glmaclrcq¢* amkm jmq qmnjmq a_sq_bmq nmp cj
djshm bc j_ q_lepc clrpc jmq _bsjrmq hètclcq* m* nmp cj amlrp_pgm* bg_elèqrgamq bc sl_ t_j+
tsjmn_rä_, Sl_ `eV`_VL P]^PXY]LOL npcqclr_ sl mpgdgagm t_jtsj_p _lmpk_jkclrc pcbsagbm*
osc m`qrpswc cj djshm q_lesälcm* amkm qsacbc cl j_ P]^PXY]T] Lk^TNL& w npmbsac sl qmnjm
a_p_arcpäqrgam, Jm kgqkm qsacbc as_lbm j_ tÉjtsj_ lm jjce_ _ acpp_p nmp amknjcrm* amkm
cl j_ TX]_QTNTPXNTL Y PR_RT^LNTkX Lk^TNL( Cqrc rgnm bc tÉjtsj_ ncpkgrc osc j_ q_lepc pcdjs+
w_ cl bgpcaagèl pcrpèep_b_ w npmbsac sl qmnjm bc TX]_QTNTPXNTL(
8. 9F9LGEë9 Q >AKAGDG?ë9
N_p_ gbclrgdga_p aml cv_argrsb jmq qmnjmq* f_w osc q_`cp cl osà jse_p bc j_ n_pcb
rmpÉaga_ qc _sqasjr_l kchmp* qs apmlmjmeä_ qgqrèjga_ m bg_qrèjga_ w qsq as_jgb_bcq,
Cl j_ qcaagèl qm`pc ràalga_q bc cvnjmp_agèl _npclbcpÉ _ glrcep_p bgtcpq_q a_p_a+
rcpäqrga_q* amkm j_ glrclqgb_b* j_ rml_jgb_b* j_ bsp_agèl w j_ gpp_bg_agèl bcj qmnjm
&t, nÉeq, 142+146',
PCJ
AGÁL BC JMQ B
RMQ
SQASJR
RMPGMQ
Ř Ø AML J
N
PCB RMPYAGA
Jmq jse_pcq bc j_ n_pcb rmpÉaga_ bmlbc qc _sqasjr_l jmq rmlmq w jmq qmnjmq a_pbä_amq _ws+
b_l _ gbclrgdga_p j_ tÉjtsj_ m j_ a_tgb_b mpgegl_pg_q, Jmq rmlmq w jmq qmnjmq npmacbcl+
rcq bc j_ tÉjtsj_ kgrp_j qc _sqasjr_l kchmp cl w _jpcbcbmp bc j_ nslr_ a_pbä_a_, Jmq bc
j_ tÉjtsj_ rpgaíqngbc qc cqasaf_l kchmp cl m acpa_ bc j_ n_prc gldcpgmp bcj `mpbc cqrcp+
l_j gxosgcpbm, Jmq qmnjmq l_agbmq cl j_ tÉjtsj_ nsjkml_p qc _sqasjr_l kchmp cl cj 0,ï
w 1,cp cqn_agmq glrcpamqr_jcq gxosgcpbmq* acpa_ bcj cqrcplèl* ncpm _ tcacq r_k`gàl cl
jse_pcq kÉq _jrmq m kÉq `_hmq* w jmq bc j_ tÉjtsj_ _èprga_ qc _sqasjr_l cl as_josgcp jse_p
bcqbc cj 0,ï cqn_agm glrcpamqr_j bcpcafm f_qr_ j_ nslr_, Cqr_q Épc_q qc qmj_n_l* r_j amkm
qc gjsqrp_ _ amlrgls_agèl* w sqrcb rclbpÉ osc amppcj_agml_p jmq b_rmq bc j_ _sqasjr_agèl
aml mrpmq _n_pr_bmq bc j_ cvnjmp_agèl a_pbä_a_ n_p_ gbclrgdga_p aml cv_argrsb jmq rmlmq
w jmq qmnjmq,
9. 9F9LGEë9 Q >AKAGDG?ë9
5YAH OEOPAI= @A ?KJ@Q??EKJ
Cj qgqrck_ cjàarpgam bc amlbsaagèl cqrgksj_ w ammpbgl_ j_ amlrp_aagèl bcj kíq+
asjm a_pbä_am &kgma_pbgm',
A_b_ gknsjqm cjàarpgam lmpk_j qc glgag_ cl cj lmbsjm qglsq_j* sl epsnm bc aàjs+
j_q a_pbä_a_q cqncag_jgx_b_q osc qc qgrí_l cl j_ _späasj_ bcpcaf_* acpa_ bc j_
slgèl aml j_ tcl_ a_t_, Cj lmbsjm qglsq_j _arí_ amkm cj k_pa_n_qmq bcj amp_+
xèl w bcqa_pe_ _srmkÉrga_kclrc gknsjqmq aml sl_ dpcasclag_ bc 4. _ ÜŨŨ nmp
kglsrm, Cqrc gknsjqm tg_h_ nmp j_q bmq _späasj_q f_qr_ cj lmbsjm _spgasjmtclrpgas+
j_p* sl epsnm cqncag_jgx_bm bc aàjsj_q qgrs_bm cl j_ n_prc `_h_ bcj r_`gosc glrcp+
_spgasj_p, ?osä cj gknsjqm qsdpc sl_ bckmp_ _lrcq bc qcesgp nmp cj f_x bc Fgq w
qsq p_k_q f_qr_ cj kgma_pbgm tclrpgasj_p, J_ amlrp_aagèl ksqasj_p qc npmbsac
npgkcpm cl j_q _späasj_q w jscem cl jmq tclrpäasjmq, J_ tä_ bc amlbsaagèl lmp+
k_j qc qgknjgdga_ cl cj bg_ep_k_ _lrcpgmp,
Cj cjcarpma_pbgmep_k_ &CAE' pcegqrp_ cqrmq _amlrcagkgclrmq, J_ amlrp_aagèl
bcj kíqasjm jgqm m a_pbä_am npmbsac sl_ _argtgb_b cjàarpga_* osc b_ jse_p _ sl_
qcpgc bc mlb_q cjcarpma_pbgmepÉdga_q, Cj CAE amlqr_ bc qcgq bcpgt_agmlcq bc jmq
kgck`pmq cl cj nj_lm dpmlr_j w qcgq bcpgt_agmlcq npcampbg_jcq cl cj nj_lm rp_lqtcpq_j,
ò Jmq tcarmpcq cjàarpgamq osc qc _npmvgk_l _ sl_ bcpgt_agèl a_sq_l sl_ bcdjc+
vgèl nmqgrgt_ m _qaclbclrc,
ò Jmq tcarmpcq cjàarpgamq osc qc _jch_l bc sl_ bcpgt_agèl a_sq_l sl_ bcdjcvgèl
lce_rgt_ m bcqaclbclrc,
ò As_lbm qc cosgjg`p_l jmq tcarmpcq nmqgrgtm w lce_rgtm* pcqsjr_l gqmcjàarpgamq*
_n_pcagclbm sl_ jälc_ pcar_,
Oqlanekn
Jmq amknmlclrcq bcj CAE lmpk_j w qs bsp_agèl qc pcqskcl `pctckclrc _ aml+
rgls_agèl* ncpm lcacqgr_pÉl kÉq glqrpsaagèl w chcpagagm npÉargam n_p_ glrcpnpc+
r_p jmq pcegqrpmq bc n_agclrcq pc_jcq, Pcascpbc8
Lkopanekn
ò J_ mlb_ N ncoscé_ bc bcqnmj_pgx_agèl _spgasj_p &bsp_agèl bc f_qr_ 6. kq9
glrcpt_jm NP bc /0. _ 0.. kq',
ò Cj amknjchm OPQ k_wmp bc bcqnmj_pgx_agèl tclrpgasj_p &f_qr_ /.. kq'* osc
qc amknmlc bc slm m kÉq bc jmq qgesgclrcq8 @ana_d]
J_ mlb_ O* sl_ bcdjcvgèl bcqacl+
bclrc nmp bcqnmj_pgx_agèl qcnr_j,
J_ mlb_ P* sl_ bcdjcvgèl _qaclbcl+
rc nmp bcqnmj_pgx_agèl tclrpgasj_p,
J_ mlb_Q* sl_ bcdjcvgèl bcqaclbcl+
rc osc qgesc _ sl_ mlb_ P,
ò Sl_ mlb_ R bc pcnmj_pgx_agèl w pcasnc+
p_agèl tclrpgasj_p &j_ bsp_agèl qc pcj_+
agml_ aml cj OPQ',
g k g g C C @ d g O g g e g g g g C @ C I C q q q I î C B _ _ q q $ C _ q g k k k k g k g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g k k g
N]i]o ejpanjk`]hao
]jpanekn) ia`e]
u lkopanekn
Jk`qhk
]qne_qhkrajpne_qh]n
D]v `a Deo
B]o_Ñ_qhk
ejpan]qne_qh]n
N]i]
evmqean`]
+ J - gl
g ( 5 J *
N]i]
`ana_d]
@ANER=?EK J AO @A HKO I EAI >N K O7
LH=JK BNKJP=H
Evmqean`]
) T(
( R. ( R/ ( R0
@ANER=?EKJAO LNA?K N@E=HAO7
LH=JK PN= J ORAN O= H
10. 9F9LGEë9 Q >AKAGDG?ë9
Cj gknsjqm cjàarpgam npcacbc jgecp_kclrc _ j_ amlrp_aagèl kgmaÑpbga_ osc jmq cqrgksj_,
J_ pcj_agèl clrpc j_q mlb_q cjcarpma_pbgmepÉdga_q w cj agajm a_pbä_am qc gjsqrp_ _ amlrg+
ls_agèl,
MNO MNO
1P .P
OÑopkha
/P 0P
@eÄopkha
1P .P /P
CJ AMP
XML AMKM MK
Jmq tclrpäasjmq gxosgcpbm w bcpcafm `mk`c_l j_ q_lepc f_ag_ jmq Ép`mjcq _prcpg_jcq eclc+
p_j w nsjkml_p* pcqncargt_kclrc, Cj e_qrm a_pbä_am* cj tmjskcl bc q_lepc cvnsjq_bm nmp
a_b_ tclrpäasjm bsp_lrc Ü kgl* cq cj npmbsarm bc j_ dpcasclag_ a_pbä_a_ nmp cj tmjskcl
qgqrêjgam, Cj tmjskcl qgqrêjgam &tmjskcl bc q_lepc cvnsjq_bm aml a_b_ j_rgbm' bcnclbc*
_ qs tcx* bc j_ npca_pe_* j_ amlrp_argjgb_b kgmaÑpbga_ w j_ nmqa_pe_,
ò J_ npca_pe_ qc pcdgcpc _ j_ a_pe_ osc bgqrgclbc cj kíqasjm a_pbä_am _lrcq bc qs amlrp_a+
agèl, Nmp jm r_lrm* cj tmjskcl bc q_lepc osc qc clasclrp_ cl cj tclrpäasjm bcpcafm _j
dgl_j bc j_ bgÑqrmjc amlqrgrswc j_ npca_pe_ n_p_ cj qgesgclrc j_rgbm, J_ npca_pe_ tclrpgas+
j_p bcpcaf_ _skclr_ as_lbm qc glapckclr_ cj pcrmkm tclmqm f_ag_ j_q a_tgb_bcq bcpc+
af_q bcj amp_xèl, Clrpc j_q a_sq_q dgqgmjèega_q qc clasclrp_l j_ glqngp_agèl w cj _skcl+
rm bcj tmjskcl bc q_lepc nmp jmq kíqasjmq bsp_lrc cj chcpagagm, Cj glapckclrm bcj
tmjskcl q_lesälcm bc sl tclrpäasjm bcpcafm bgj_r_bm amkm amlqcasclag_ bc sl_
glqsdgagclag_ a_pbä_a_ amlecqrgt_ r_k`gàl cjct_ j_ npca_pe_, J_q a_sq_q bc bgqkglsagèl
bc j_ npca_pe_ tclrpgasj_p bcpcaf_ qml j_ cqngp_agèl* j_ bgqkglsagèl bcj e_qrm tclrpgas+
j_p gxosgcpbm w j_ _asksj_agèl bc j_ q_lepc cl cj jcafm a_ngj_p m cl cj qgqrck_ tclmqm,
ò J_ amlrp_argjgb_b kgmaÑpbga_ qc pcdgcpc _ j_ a_n_agb_b bcj kíqasjm a_pbä_am n_p_ _amp+
r_pqc as_lbm pcag`c sl_ a_pe_, J_ amlrp_argjgb_b _skclr_ nmp j_ cqrgksj_agèl bcj qgq+
rck_ lcptgmqm qgknÉrgam w bgqkglswc as_lbm qc _jrcp_ cj djshm q_lesälcm m j_ mvgec+
l_agèl bcj kgma_pbgm,
ò J_ nmqa_pe_ qc pcdgcpc _j ep_bm bc pcqgqrclag_ t_qasj_p _ j_ amlrp_aagèl tclrpgasj_p, J_q
dsclrcq bc pcqgqrclag_ _ j_ amlrp_aagèl bcj tclrpäasjm gxosgcpbm amknpclbcl cj rmlm bc
j_q n_pcbcq bc j_ _mpr_* j_q ep_lbcq _prcpg_q w cj Ép`mj t_qasj_p ncpgdàpgam &qm`pc rmbm* j_q
ncoscé_q _prcpg_q w _prcpgmj_q'* w cj tmjskcl bc q_lepc w_ npcqclrc cl j_ _mpr_,
Aha_pnk_]n`ekcn]i]
Pkjko _]n`Ñ]_ko
11. 9F9LGEë9 Q >AKAGDG?ë9 =B=EHDGK <= 9FGE9Dë9K
Jmq glapckclrmq n_rmjèegamq bc j_ npca_pe_ w bc j_ nmqa_pe_* amlmagbmq amkm qm`pca_pe_
bc tmjskcl w qm`pca_pe_ bc npcqgèl* pcqncargt_kclrc* bcrcpkgl_l a_k`gmq cl j_ dslagèl
tclrpgasj_p osc qc nscbcl pcamlmacp cl ajälga_, Cqrmq a_k`gmq amknpclbcl _jrcp_agmlcq
bc jmq gknsjqmq tclrpgasj_pcq* osc qc bcrcar_l kcbg_lrc n_jn_agèl* w bc jmq rmlmq a_p+
bä_amq lmpk_jcq, ?bckÉq* nscbcl _n_pcacp rmlmq w qmnjmq a_pbä_amq n_rmjèegamq,
Bi qàojfkl fkprcf`fbk`f^ `^oaä^`^ pb mobcfbob
elv ^ †fkprcf`fbk`f^ `^oaä^`^ `lkdbpqfs^°
mlonrb kl qlalp ilp m^`fbkqbp mobpbk∑
q^k fkf`f^ijbkqb rk^ pl_ob`^od^ ab
slirjbk7,
5Y MRIPLP V MOBPFLK >OQBOF>IBP
Aml a_b_ amlrp_aagèl* cj tclrpäasjm gxosgcpbm cvnsjq_ sl tmjskcl bc q_lepc f_ag_
j_ _mpr_ w cj Ép`mj _prcpg_j, J_ mlb_ bc npcqgèl qc npmn_e_ pÉngb_kclrc nmp cj qgqrc+
k_ _prcpg_j* ncpag`gàlbmqc amkm cj nsjqm _prcpg_j, ?slosc j_ mlb_ bc npcqgèl tg_hc
aml p_ngbcx §ksafm kÉq bcnpgq_ osc j_ npmng_ q_lepc§* cj pcrp_qm n_jn_`jc clrpc
j_ amlrp_aagèl bcj tclrpäasjm w jmq nsjqmq ncpgdàpgamq f_ac osc jmq nsjqmq rmk_bmq cl
jmq kgck`pmq qsncpgmpcq c gldcpgmpcq lm _wsbcl _ apmlmkcrp_p j_q d_qcq bcj agajm a_p+
bä_am,
J_ npcqgèl _prcpg_j t_pä_ bsp_lrc cj agajm a_pbä_am* _ja_lx_lbm cj kÉvgkm cl j_ qäqrm+
jc w bgqkglswclbm f_qr_ cj t_jmp kälgkm cl j_ bgÑqrmjc, Cqrmq qml jmq t_jmpcq osc qc
kgbcl aml cj k_lesgrm bc npcqgèl _prcpg_j m cqdgekmk_lèkcrpm, J_ bgdcpclag_ clrpc
j_q npcqgmlcq qgqrêjga_ w bg_qrèjga_ qc amlmac amkm npcqgèl bgdcpclag_j m npcqgèl bcj
nsjqm,
Mobpfèk pfpqêif`^
v Mobpfèk afcbobk`f^i
Mobpfèk af^pqèif`^
D
ARM P CQ O S C GL DJS WCL CL J
N P CQ GÁ L
P RCP G
J
ò Bi slirjbk pfpqêif`l abi sbkqoä`ril fwnrfboal
ò I^ afpqbkpf_fifa^a ab i^ ^loq^ v ab i^p do^kabp ^oqbof^p
ò I^p obpfpqbk`f^p s^p`ri^obp mbofcàof`^p* pl_ob qlal i^p ^oqbofli^obp
ò Bi slirjbk ab p^kdob abi pfpqbj^ ^oqbof^i
12. 9F9LGEë9 Q >AKAGDG?ë9
Jmq a_k`gmq bc as_josgcp_ bc cqrmq as_rpm d_armpcq _jrcp_l j_ npcqgèl qgqrèjga_* j_ npcqgèl
bg_qrèjga_* m _k`_q, Jmq t_jmpcq bc j_ npcqgèl _prcpg_j djsarí_l ksafm _ jm j_pem bc j_q
02 f w t_pä_l aml j_ _argtgb_b däqga_* cj cqr_bm ckmagml_j* cj bmjmp* cj psgbm* j_ rcknc+
p_rsp_ _k`gclr_j* cj amlqskm bc a_dà* cj r_`_am w mrp_q bpme_q* c glajsqm j_ fmp_ bcj bä_,
NPCQGÁL TCLMQ
WSESJ
P
J_q tcl_q wsesj_pcq npmnmpagml_l _j ajälgam q_e_x sl gknmpr_lrc älbgac ajälgam bc j_q
npcqgmlcq cl j_q a_tgb_bcq bcpcaf_q w bc j_ dslagèl a_pbä_a_, J_ npcqgèl tclmq_ wsesj_p
&NTW' pcdjch_ j_ npcqgèl cl j_ _späasj_ bcpcaf_ osc* _ qs tcx* ges_j_ j_ npcqgèl tclmq_ acl+
rp_j &NTA' w j_ npcqgèl rcjcbg_qrèjga_ bcj tclrpäasjm bcpcafm, J_ NTW qc a_jasj_ kchmp
cl j_ tcl_ wsesj_p glrcpl_ bcpcaf_* osc qgesc sl rp_wcarm _l_rèkgam kÉq bgpcarm f_ag_ j_
_späasj_ bcpcaf_, Amlrp_pg_kclrc _ agcpr_q rcqgq ksw cvrclbgb_q* cl sl cqrsbgm pcagcl+
rc qc f_ pc_dgpk_bm osc j_ glqncaagèl bc j_ tcl_ wsesj_p cvrcpl_ bcpcaf_ pcnpcqclr_ sl
kàrmbm írgj w cv_arm n_p_ a_jasj_p j_ NTA/.%/0,
Jmq a_k`gmq bc npcqgèl bcpgt_bmq bcj jjcl_bm* amlrp_aagèl w t_ag_bm bc j_ _späasj_
bcpcaf_ a_sq_l djsars_agmlcq cl j_ NTW w cl qsq mlb_q* osc pcqsjr_l tgqg`jcq n_p_ cj
cvnjmp_bmp, J_ m`qcpt_agèl asgb_bmq_ bc cqr_q djsars_agmlcq mdpcac _qgkgqkm aj_tcq
qm`pc cj cqr_bm bc tmjskcl* j_ dslagèl tclrpgasj_p bcpcaf_ c gxosgcpb_* j_ ncpkc_`gjg+
b_b bc j_q tÉjtsj_q rpgaíqngbc w nsjkml_p* j_q npcqgmlcq bcj ncpga_pbgm w _jrcp_agmlcq bcj
pgrkm* amkm agcpr_q _ppgrkg_q bc j_ slgèl m `jmoscmq _spgasjmtclrpgasj_pcq, Nmp chck+
njm* j_ NTW* bgqkglswc aml j_ nàpbgb_ bc q_lepc w _skclr_ aml j_ glqsdgagclag_ a_pbä_+
a_ bcpcaf_ m gxosgcpb_* j_ fgncprclqgèl nsjkml_p* j_ cqrclmqgq rpgasqnäbc_ w j_ amknpc+
qgèl m cj r_nml_kgclrm ncpgaÉpbgamq,
J_q tcl_q wsesj_pcq glrcpl_q qc qgrí_l cl j_ npmdslbgb_b bc jmq kíqasjmq cqrckmajcgbm+
k_qrmgbcmq bcj ascjjm w lm qc tcl bgpcar_kclrc* bc kmbm osc cj ajälgam rclbpÉ osc
_npclbcp _ pcamlmacp j_q nsjq_agmlcq bc j_ tcl_ wsesj_p glrcpl_ m bc j_ tcl_ wsesj_p cvrcp+
l_ osc qc rp_lqkgrcl _ j_ qsncpdgagc bcj ascjjm* npmasp_lbm qcn_p_p asgb_bmq_kclrc cqr_q
nsjq_agmlcq tclmq_q bc j_q bc j_ _prcpg_ a_pèrgb_,
13. 9F9LGEë9 Q >AKAGDG?ë9
N_p_ cqrgk_p j_ _jrsp_ bc j_ NTW* bc`cpÉ _npclbcp _ jma_jgx_p cj nslrm kÉq _jrm bc mqagj_+
agèl bc j_ tcl_ wse_p glrcpl_ m* qg dscp_ lcacq_pgm* cj nslrm nmp clagk_ bcj as_j n_pcac
amj_nq_pqc j_ tcl_ wsesj_p cvrcpl_, J_ NTW qscjc kcbgpqc tcprga_jkclrc* nmp clagk_ bcj
Élesjm cqrcpl_j* j_ apcqr_ èqc_ _bw_aclrc _ j_ Ū,_ amqrgjj_* bmlbc cj k_ls`pgm qc slc _j
ascpnm bcj cqrcplèl,
Cqrsbgc asgb_bmq_kclrc j_q gjsqrp_agmlcq qgesgclrcq, ?btgcpr_ aèkm* _j k_pecl bc j_
nmqgagèl bcj n_agclrc* cj Élesjm cqrcpl_j ncpk_lcac _npmvgk_b_kclrc 3 ak nmp clag+
k_ bc j_ _späasj_ bcpcaf_, Qgl ck`_pem* j_ npcqgèl bc j_ tcl_ wsesj_p glrcpl_ bc cqrc
n_agclrc cqrÉ _jem cjct_b_,
ò Cl j_ nmqgagèl ? * j_ a_`cacp_ bc j_ a_k_ cqrÉ cjct_b_ f_qr_ j_ _jrsp_ f_`grs_j*
slmq 1.ï* ncpm lm qc nscbc kcbgp j_ NTW nmposc cj kclgqam* m lgtcj bc mqag+
j_agèl* qc clasclrp_ nmp clagk_ bc j_ k_lbä`sj_ w lm qc nscbc tcp,
ò Cl j_ nmqgagèl @* j_ a_`cacp_ bc j_ a_k_ qc f_ jct_lr_bm f_qr_ 4.ï, J_ °n_prc
qsncpgmp¢ bc j_ tcl_ wsesj_p glrcpl_ qc tc _fmp_ aml d_agjgb_b* aml jm osc r_k+
`gàl qc nscbc kcbgp j_ bgqr_lag_ tcprga_j aml cj Élesjm cqrcpl_j m j_ _späasj_
bcpcaf_,
ò Cl j_ nmqgagèl A* cj n_agclrc cqrÉ cpesgbm w j_q tcl_q _ncl_q qc tgqs_jgx_l nmp clag+
k_ bc j_ aj_täasj_* aml jm osc pcqsjr_ gknmqg`jc j_ kcbgagèl,
= 0-é > 3-é ? 6-é
Pcascpbc osc j_ _jrsp_ bc j_ npcqgèl tclmq_* kcbgb_ aml pcqncarm _j Élesjm cqrcp+
l_j* cq j_ kgqk_ cl j_q rpcq nmqgagmlcq* ncpm osc qs a_n_agb_b n_p_ kcbgp j_ _jrsp_ bc
j_ amjskl_ bc j_ q_lepc tclmq_* m NTW* bgdgcpc qceíl aèkm qc amjmosc cj n_agclrc,
Rmb_ NTW* osc qc kgb_ _ kÉq bc 2 ak nmp clagk_ bcj Élesjm cqrcpl_j* m kÉq bc
7 ak nmp clagk_ bc j_ _späasj_ bcpcaf_* qc amlqgbcp_ _jr_ m n_rmjèega_, J_q ràalg+
a_q n_p_ kcbgp j_ NTW qc bcqapg`cl aml bcr_jjc cl °Ràalga_q bc cvnjmp_agèl¢* nÉeg+
l_q 127+135,
=hpqn] `a h] lnaoeâj
rajko] ok^na ah
~jcqhk aopanj]h
2 _i
14. 9F9LGEë9 Q >AKAGDG?ë9
NSJQ
AGMLCQ TCLMQ
Q WSESJ
PCQ
J_q mqagj_agmlcq osc qc tcl cl j_q tcl_q
wsesj_pcq glrcpl_q w* _ kclsbm* cl j_q
cvrcpl_q pcdjch_l a_k`gmq bc npcqgèl bclrpm
bc j_ _späasj_ bcpcaf_, J_ tcl_ wsesj_p
glrcpl_ bcpcaf_ bcqck`ma_ kÉq bgpcar_+
kclrc cl j_ _späasj_ bcpcaf_ w pcdjch_
kchmp cqrmq a_k`gmq bc npcqgèl, J_ m`qcpt_+
agèl asgb_bmq_ nmlc bc pcjgctc osc j_q nsj+
q_agmlcq mlbsj_lrcq bc j_q tcl_q wsesj_pcq
glrcpl_q w* _ tcacq* bc j_q cvrcpl_q* qc amk+
nmlcl bc bmq ngamq pÉngbmq w bmq t_jjcq,
J_ npgkcp_ cjct_agèl* j_ mlb_ _* pcdjch_ sl jgecpm _qaclqm _c g_ npcqgèl _spgasj_p osc
_amkn_é_ _ j_ amlrp_aagèl _spgasj_p, Masppc hsqrm _lrcq bcj npgkcp rmlm a_pbä_am w bcj
nsjqm a_pmräbcm, Cj t_jjc qgesgclrc* j_ mlb_ v bcqaclbclrc* amkgclx_ aml j_ pcj_h_agèl
_spgasj_p, Qc amlrglí_ _ kcbgb_ osc cj tclrpäasjm bcpcafm* osc qc amlrp_c bsp_lrc j_
qäqrmjc* f_ac osc bcqagclb_ cj qscjm bc j_ _späasj_, Bsp_lrc j_ qäqrmjc tclrpgasj_p* j_ q_l+
epc amlrglí_ djswclbm f_ag_ j_ _späasj_ bcpcaf_ bcqbc j_q tcl_q a_t_q, J_ tÉjtsj_ rpg+
aíqngbc qc agcpp_* j_ a_tgb_b ckngcx_ _ jjcl_pqc* w j_ npcqgèl cl j_ _späasj_ bcpcaf_ tscj+
tc bc lsctm _ qs`gp* apc_lbm sl_ qceslb_ cjct_agèl* j_ mlb_ t, As_lbm j_ tÉjtsj_
rpgaíqngbc qc _`pc* _j amkgclxm bc j_ bgÉqrmjc* j_ q_lepc bc j_ _späasj_ bcpcaf_ djswc bc
dmpk_ n_qgt_ _j tclrpäasjm bcpcafm* w j_ npcqgèl _spgasj_p bcpcaf_ tscjtc _ bgqkglsgp*
apc_lbm cj qceslbm t_jjc s mlb_ w bcqaclbclrc, N_p_ pcampb_p cqr_q as_rpm mqagj_agmlcq
bc sl_ k_lcp_ qclagjj_* ngclqc cl cqr_ qcasclag_8 amlrp_aagèl _spgasj_p* pcj_h_agèl _spg+
asj_p* jjcl_bm _spgasj_p w t_ag_bm _spgasj_p, &Nscbc pcampb_p j_ mlb_ _ amkm amlrp_a+
agèl _spgasj_p w j_ mlb_ t amkm jjcl_bm tclmqm,'
? qgknjc tgqr_* j_q bmq mlb_q bcqaclbclrcq qml j_q kÉq jj_k_rgt_q bcj nsjqm wsesj_p lmp+
k_j, Bc cqr_q bmq* cj amj_nqm pcnclrglm bc j_ mlb_ v bcqaclbclrc _j dgl_j bc j_ qäqrmjc cq
kÉq npmkglclrc w rgclc jse_p hsqrm _lrcq bcj qceslbm rmlm a_pbä_am, J_ mlb_ w bcqacl+
bclrc qgesc _j qceslbm rmlm a_pbä_am* _j amkgclxm bc j_ bgÉqrmjc,
A
K GMQ
JM J
PEM BC J
TGB
Cj cltchcagkgclrm nscbc kmbgdga_p j_ amjma_agèl bcj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_* j_ rml_jgb_b bc
jmq rmlmq w qmnjmq a_pbä_amq* j_ pgegbcx bc j_q _prcpg_q w j_ npcqgèl _prcpg_j, ?qä* nmp chck+
njm* cj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_ qscjc n_jn_pqc dÉagjkclrc clrpc jmq lgémq w _bsjrmq hètclcq9 _
kcbgb_ osc cj rèp_v qc clq_laf_ cl qclrgbm _lrcpmnmqrcpgmp* ascqr_ kÉq jma_jgx_p cj j_rg+
bm, Nmp cqr_ kgqk_ p_xèl* pcqsjr_ kÉq bgdäagj _sqasjr_p cj bcqbm`j_kgclrm bcj qceslbm rmlm
a_pbä_am bc j_q ncpqml_q k_wmpcq* nscqrm osc cj amknmlclrc nsjkml_p qc rmk_ kclmq
_sbg`jc, ?bckÉq* cl _jeíl kmkclrm bc j_ tgb_* a_qg rmb_q j_q ncpqml_q npcqclr_l sl
qmnjm a_pbä_am, J_ k_wmpä_ bc jmq qmnjmq masppcl qgl lgleíl qgelm bc _lmk_jä_ a_pbgm+
t_qasj_p w bc`cl amlqgbcp_pqc* nmp jm r_lrm* t_pg_lrcq lmpk_jcq glmaclrcq, Cqrmq qmnjmq
amkslcq a_k`g_l aml j_ cb_b9 cj amlmagkgclrm bc qsq n_rpmlcq _wsb_ _ qcn_p_p jmq
qmnjmq glmaclrcq bc jmq n_rmjèegamq, Pcepcqc _ j_q nÉegl_q 56.+560* a_närsjm /6* °Ct_+
js_agèl ncbgÉrpga_* bcqbc j_ j_ar_lag_ f_qr_ j_ _bmjcqaclag_¢* w _ j_q nÉegl_q 662* a_nä+
rsjm /7* °J_ kshcp ck`_p_x_b_¢* n_p_ q_`cp aèkm bgdcpclag_p cqrmq qmnjmq glmaclrcq,
j g j g
.P /P .P
OÑopkha @e~opkha
0/
15. I> EFPQLOF> AB P>IRA BGBJMILP AB >KN>>>I≠>P
Jmq qmnjmq nscbcl mpgegl_pqc cl jmq ep_lbcq t_qmq w r_k`gàl cl cj amp_xèl, Cj xsk`gbm
tclmqm wsesj_p* ksw dpcasclrc cl j_ gld_lag_* qc nscbc _sqasjr_p f_qr_ j_q npgkcp_q d_qcq
bc j_ tgb_ _bsjr_ &t, nÉe, 601', Mrpm qceslbm chcknjm* kÉq gknmpr_lrc* cq cj qmnjm qgqrè+
jgam acptga_j* osc nscbc pcqsjr_p glmaclrc cl j_ gld_lag_ ncpm bclmr_ sl_ m`qrpsaagèl
_prcpg_j cl j_ tgb_ _bsjr_,
s h g g lmh sg BØ k s ¢
Päkqlj^p `ljrkbp l mobl`rm^kqbp
Ö B ĊĆĊĐ ÉĊĐĘÄÆÄĊ
Ö MÂĆÇÆÉÂÄÆĊČĂÈ
Ö DÂĆÉÂ ĀĂ ÂÆĐĂĴ ĀÆÈČĂÂĮ ĊĐÉĊÇČ ĂÂ Ċ ĀÆÈČĂÂ ÇÂĐĊĒĢÈÉÆÄÂ ČĊÄÉÊĐČÂ
Ö QÊĈ ĂÅÂÄÄÆĦČ Ċ ĂĀĂĈ Â
@èjl bs^ir^o ilp päkqlj^p `^oaä^`lp, Abp`ofm`fèk v `ljm^o^`fèk `lk ilp
do^alp _^p^ibp ab ^`qfsfa^a, Cqrc _n_pr_bm cvnmlc* bcqbc j_ ncpqncargt_ a_pbä_a_*
qälrmk_q rmpÉagamq amkm cj bmjmp rmpÉagam* j_q n_jngr_agmlcq* j_ bgqlc_ npmbsagb_ nmp j_
mprmnlc_ m j_ bgqlc_ n_pmväqrga_ lmarspl_ &BNL' w cj cbck_ ncpgdàpgam, Cl as_lrm _ jmq
qälrmk_q rmpÉagamq* _bosgcp_ cj fÉ`grm bc nclq_p cl rmbm cj cqncarpm bc nmqg`jcq a_sq_q
a_pbä_a_q* nsjkml_pcq w cvrp_rmpÉaga_q, Pcn_qc cj _n_pr_bm bc °J_ fgqrmpg_ bc q_jsb¢ bcj
a_närsjm Ẃ* °Cj rèp_v w jmq nsjkmlcq¢* cl j_q nÉegl_q 07.+070* j_ r_`j_ 6+/* °Bmjmp rmpÉ+
agam¢* cl j_q nÉegl_q 1/0+1/1* w j_ r_`j_ 6+0* °Bgqlc_¢* cl j_q nÉegl_q 1/2+1/3, Cqrsbgc
jmq bgtcpqmq mpäeclcq bcj bmjmp rmpÉagam* j_ bgqlc_* j_q qg`gj_lag_q* j_ rmq c glajsqm j_ fckmn+
rgqgq* w_ osc cqrmq qälrmk_q nscbcl rclcp sl mpgecl a_pbä_am ncpm r_k`gàl nsjkml_p,
As_lbm cv_kglc jmq qälrmk_q a_pbä_amq amltgclc osc as_lrgdgosc qgqrckÉrga_kclrc j_
_argtgb_b `_q_j bcj n_agclrc, ?qä* qg cj n_agclrc pcdgcpc bmjmp rmpÉagam* ümasppc cj bmjmp _j
qs`gp cqa_jcp_q= üAsÉlrmq rp_kmq= üMasppc _j a_kgl_p* nmp chcknjm _j b_p 3. n_qmq* _j
pcamppcp sl_ k_lx_l_ m _j pcamppcp sl rp_wcarm k_wmp= üQc npmbsac cj bmjmp bcqnsàq bc
jjct_p j_ amknp_ _ a_q_ m pc_jgx_p j_q r_pc_q bmkàqrga_q &n, ch,* f_acp j_q a_k_q* n_q_p j_
_qngp_bmp_'= üAèkm f_ a_k`g_bm j_ qgrs_agèl pcqncarm _ cqr_q kgqk_q _argtgb_bcq cl
mrp_ ànma_= üAsÉlbm _n_pcacl m a_k`g_l jmq qälrmk_q= Qg cj n_agclrc npcqclr_ bgqlc_*
üqsacbc àqr_ cl pcnmqm* bsp_lrc cj chcpagagm m bcqnsàq bc qs`gp cqa_jcp_q= J_ bgqlc_
pcnclrgl_ pcqsjr_ kÉq ep_tc cl sl bcnmprgqr_ osc cl sl_ ncpqml_ osc qèjm n_qc bc sl_
f_`gr_agèl _ mrp_, J_ as_lrgdga_agèl bc j_ _argtgb_b `_q_j _wsb_ _ cqr_`jcacp j_ ep_tc+
b_b bc jmq qälrmk_q bcj n_agclrc w qs gknmpr_lag_ kgclrp_q cj ajälgam ct_jí_ jmq n_qmq
qgesgclrcq bc rp_r_kgclrm,
Alilo qloÉ`f`l, Cj bmjmp rmpÉagam cq slm bc jmq qälrmk_q kÉq ep_tcq c gknmpr_lrcq
osc sqrcb ct_js_pÉ amkm ajälgam w* bcqnsàq bcj bmjmp _`bmkgl_j* pcnpcqclr_ j_ qceslb_
a_sq_ bc tgqgr_q _ jmq qcptgagmq bc speclag_, Cj bmjmp rmpÉagam glbga_* _ kclsbm* sl_
cldcpkcb_b ampml_pg_* osc cl j_ _ars_jgb_b _djgec _ /3 kgjjmlcq bc cqr_bmslgbclqcq/1,
?npmvgk_b_kclrc 7 kgjjmlcq bc cjjmq n_bcacl _legl_ bc ncafm w Ẃ kgjjmlcq f_l qsdpgbm
CÇ ĄÈÇÈĚĿ ÇĂ ÈÉĚÆËČĬĐ È ÇĂ ĎÈÇÆËĒČĂ ǺÇĢËČǺĂË ĄÆ
ÆËǼĔÆĚĠÈ ÆĐ ÆÇ ĒĬĚĂĜĿ ÆÇ ĈÈĎ ÅĚÈĿ ÇĂ ÆËÉĂÇĄĂĿ
ÆÇ ǺĔÆÇÇÈ È ÆÇ ÅĚĂĠÈ ËÆ ĄĂĐ ÆĐ ÇĂ X e^`eX [
gZ_f Ğ ÆĐ ÇĂ Ď ČĒĂĄ ĄÆ ÇÈË ÉĂǺČÆĐĒÆË ǺÈĐ
ČĐǼĂĚĒÈ ĂĆĔĄÈ ĄÆ Ď ČÈǺĂĚĄČÈŃ ÆË ǼĚÆǺĔÆĐĒÆ ÆÇ
16. D9 @AKLGJA9 <= K9DM< =B=EHDGK <= 9FGE9Dë9K
sl gld_prm bc kgma_pbgm, J_ cldcpkcb_b ampml_pg_ cq j_ npgkcp_ a_sq_ bc kscprc bc jmq
fmk`pcq w bc j_q kshcpcq* wpcnpcqclrè /bc a_b_ 3 kscprcq cl Cqr_bmq Slgbmq cl 0..2,
J_q r_q_q bc kmpr_jgb_b _ja_lx_l cj kÉvgkm clrpc jmq fmk`pcq w j_q kshcpcq _dpm_kcpg+
a_lmq* cl amkn_p_agèl aml jmq kgck`pmq bc mrpmq epsnmq àrlgamq,
As_lbm cqasafc cj pcj_rm bcj n_agclrc* rcle_ qgcknpc cl kclrc j_q amknjga_agmlcq ep_+
tcq* amkm _legl_ bc ncafm* gld_prm bc kgma_pbgm m glajsqm _lcspgqk_ bgqca_lrc bc _mpr_/2%/4,
?npclb_ _ qcn_p_p osà n_agclrcq npcqclr_l cldcpkcb_bcq a_pbgmt_qasj_pcq ep_tcq w osà
mrpmq kscqrp_l _jrcp_agmlcq bgdcpclrcq* nmp chcknjm* bcj ncpga_pbgm* bc j_ rpÉosc_ w bc
jmq `pmlosgmq* bc j_ njcsp_ n_pgcr_j* bcj cqèd_em m bc j_ n_pcb rmpÉaga_ m `gcl bc cqrpsa+
rsp_q cvrp_rmpÉaga_q amkm cj ascjjm* j_ tcqäasj_ `gjg_p w cj cqrèk_em, Cj _jr_ gl_bcas_b_
bcj qcptgagm bc speclag_q* ksaf_q tcacq nmp sl cppmp cl j_ glrcpnpcr_agèl bcj CAE*
nscbc amknmpr_p sl_ r_q_ bc kmpr_jgb_b bcj 03 #/2*/3,
Qsq npceslr_q glgag_jcq f_l bc qcp _k`ges_q,,, °üF_ lmr_bm _jeíl bmjmp m kmjcqrg_ cl cj
ncafm=¢, Ngb_ _j n_agclrc osc jc qcé_jc cj bmjmp w bcqapg`_ jmq qgcrc _rpg`srmq bcj kgqkm,
Bcqnsàq bc cqasaf_p _rclr_kclrc j_ bcqapgnagèl bcj n_agclrc* n_qc _ npceslr_q kÉq
amlapcr_q* amkm °üEs_pb_ pcj_agèl cj bmjmp aml cj cqdscpxm=¢ w °üOsà rgnm bc _argtgb_+
bcq npmbsacl cqc bmjmp=¢, ?qgkgqkm °üAèkm a_jgdga_pä_ j_ glrclqgb_b bcj bmjmp qm`pc
sl_ cqa_j_ bc / _ /.=¢,,, °üQc gpp_bg_ _j ascjjm* cj fmk`pm* j_ cqn_jb_* m bcqagclbc nmp
cj kgck`pm qsncpgmp=¢,,, °üLmr_ _jeíl mrpm qälrmk_ _amkn_é_lrc* amkm d_jr_ bc _gpc*
qsb_agèl* n_jngr_agmlcq m lÉsqc_q=¢,,, °üJc f_ bcqncpr_bm _jesl_ tcx nmp j_ lmafc=¢,,,
°üAml osà kchmp_=¢
IMWÀUÄMOUZYQÃÈ J_q n_jngr_agmlcq qml sl_ ncpacnagèl bcq_ep_b_`jc bcj j_rgbm a_pbä_+
am, Jmq n_agclrcq* as_lbm bcqapg`cl cqr_q qclq_agmlcq* srgjgx_l ràpkglmq bgtcpqmq amkm
tscjam* _acjcp_agèl* _jcrcm m n_sq_ bcj amp_xèl, J_q n_jngr_agmlcq nscbcl bc`cpqc _ sl
j_rgbm a_pbä_am gppcesj_p* _ j_ _acjcp_agèl m _ j_ jclrgdga_agèl pÉngb_ bcj amp_xèl* m _ sl_
k_wmp dscpx_ bc j_ amlrp_aagèl a_pbä_a_, Qgl ck`_pem* cqr_q ncpacnagmlcq r_k`gàl
bcnclbcl bc aèkm pcqnmlb_ cj n_agclrc _ qsq npmng_q qclq_agmlcq ampnmp_jcq, J_q n_j+
ngr_agmlcq lm glbga_l lcacq_pg_kclrc sl_ a_pbgmn_rä_, ?j amlrp_pgm* j_q _ppgrkg_q kÉq
ep_tcq* amkm j_ r_osga_pbg_ tclrpgasj_p* lm qscjcl npmbsagp n_jngr_agmlcq,
Nscbc dmpksj_p npceslr_q bgpcar_q qm`pc j_q n_jngr_agmlcq ncpm* qg cj n_agclrc lm j_q
clrgclbc* tscjt_ _ glb_e_p aml mrp_q n_j_`p_q, °üLmr_ cj j_rgbm bcj amp_xèl= ü? osà qc
n_pcac=¢ Ngb_ _j n_agclrc osc ncpasr_ cj pgrkm aml j_ k_lm m cj bcbm, üCp_ pÉngbm m
jclrm= üPcesj_p m gppcesj_p= üAsÉlrm bspè= Qg qc npmbshm sl cngqmbgm bc _acjcp_agèl a_p+
bä_a_* ückncxè w rcpkglè bc k_lcp_ `psqa_ m ep_bs_j= &CqrÉ glbga_bm sl CAE _lrc cqrc
epsnm bc qälrmk_q,'
T_jc j_ ncl_ clqcé_p _ _jeslmq n_agclrcq _ cdcars_p kcbgagmlcq qcpg_b_q bcj nsjqm* cl
a_qm bc osc qsdp_l lsctmq cngqmbgmq,
DMWÄM PQ MUÂQÈ J_ d_jr_ bc _gpc cq sl_ npcmasn_agèl amkíl bc jmq n_agclrcq w nscbc
glbga_p bgqlc_* mprmnlc_ m BNL, J_ bgqlc_ cq sl_ ncpacnagèl glaèkmb_ bc j_ pcqngp_agèl*
osc pcqsjr_ gl_npmng_b_ n_p_ cj ep_bm bc cqdscpxm, Jmq n_agclrcq aml npm`jck_q a_pbä_+
rpl ab abp`ofmqlobp ^qämf`lp* `ljl `^i^j∑
_obp* mfk`e^wlp l mboclo^`fèk, Bk o^o^p l`^∑
pflkbp* bi lofdbk bp rk alilo abkq^i l j^kaf∑
_ri^o/5+/6, I^ fk`fabk`f^ ^kr^i ab i^ Xe^`eX
[ j]liqf obmobpbkq^ Ü mlo ÜÑŨŨŨ bk i^
ml_i^`fèk ab 1. l jÉp ^élp,
@^a^ sbw pb bjmib^ jÉp bi qàojfkl jye[ifó
d ZfifeXi`f X^l[f m^o^ abkljfk^o ^idrkl
ab ilp päkaoljbp `iäkf`lp molar`falp mlo i^
fpnrbjf^ jfl`Ñoaf`^ ^dra^* `ljl cX Xe^`ó
eX `ejkXYc) c `e]Xikf [ d`fZXi[`f j`e có
mXZ`|e [c j^dekf MN w c `e]Xikf Zfe có
mXZ`|e [c j^dekf M P 6$/-+
Alilo bk i^ `^o^ ^kqboflo abi qèo^u* ^ jbkr∑
al abpd^oo^alo w `lk foo^af^`fèk ^i alopl l
^i `rbiil* bk i^ [`jZZ`|e X|ik`ZX X^l[X/.+
Sà^kpb i^p q^_i^p 7+/ w 7+0 pl_ob abqbojf∑
k^a^p cob`rbk`f^p w ofqjlp `^oaä^`lp
&mÉdp, 153+154',
Ilp päkqlj^p l ilp pfdklp ab i^ `lkqo^``fèk
`^oaä^`^ foobdri^o l_ifd^k ^ plif`fq^o rk
B@D, Pèil i^ ]`Yi`cXZ`|e Xli`ZlcXi) nrb bp
†foobdri^ojbkqb foobdri^o°* pb mrbab ob`l∑
kl`bo ab j^kbo^ cf^_ib ^ i^ `^_b`bo^ ab i^
`^j^,
I^p `i^sbp ab i^ efpqlof^ `iäkf`^ plk ilp srbi∑
`lp w `^j_flp m^p^gbolp &mlpf_ibp buqo^päp+
qlibp'9 bi i^qfal oÉmfal w obdri^o ab fkf`fl w
qbojfk^`fèk _orp`lp &mlpf_ib q^nrf`^oaf^
prmo^sbkqof`ri^o m^oluäpqf`^'9 bi i^qfal oÉmf∑
al w obdri^o `lk rk^ cob`rbk`f^ fkcboflo ^
ÜŪŨ* pl_ob qlal pf bi `ljfbkwl w i^ qbojf∑
k^`fèk plk jÉp do^ar^ibp &mlpf_ib q^nrf∑
`^oaf^ pfkrp^i',
Afpkb^ obmbkqfk^ bk i^ dYfc`X glcdfeXi)
eldfkfiXo jgfekvef) Xej`[X[+
17. HJGE G;AìF Q 9K=KGJ9EA=FLG KG:J= K9DM< BGBJMILP AB >KLJ>I≠>P
cmq m nsjkml_pcq qscjcl osch_pqc bc bgqlc_* amkm qc cvnmlc cl cj a_närsjm Ẃ* °Cj rèp_v
w jmq nsjkmlcq¢* nÉegl_ 07/,
J_ mprmnlc_ cq j_ bgqlc_ osc qc npmbsac as_lbm cj n_agclrc qc rsk`_ w kchmp_ _j qclr_p+
qc, AjÉqga_kclrc* qc as_lrgdga_ nmp cj líkcpm bc _jkmf_b_q osc àqrc srgjgx_ n_p_ bmpkgp
m nmp cj fcafm bc osc lcacqgrc bmpkgp qclr_bm, Lm m`qr_lrc* amknpsc`c osc cj kmrgtm
bcj sqm bc kÉq _jkmf_b_q m bc qclr_pqc n_p_ j_ bmpkgp qc_ j_ d_jr_ bc _gpc cl bcaí`grm
qsnglm w lm mrp_q a_sq_q,
J_ bgqlc_ n_pmväqrga_ lmarspl_ bcqapg`c jmq cngqmbgmq bc bgqlc_ w mprmnlc_ pcnclrglmq osc
bcqngcpr_l _j n_agclrc bcj qscém* f_`grs_jkclrc Ü m Ū f bcqnsàq bc _amqr_pqc* w jm m`jge_l
_ qclr_pqc* jct_lr_pqc m _`pgp j_ tclr_l_ n_p_ rmk_p _gpc, Nscbcl _amkn_é_pqc bc qg`gj_l+
ag_q w rmq, Cj cngqmbgm qscjc pckgrgp ncpm nscbc pcagbgt_p _npmvgk_b_kclrc _ j_ kgqk_ fmp_
cl j_q lmafcq qgesgclrcq,
Babj^, Cj cbck_ qgelgdga_ _asksj_agèl bc sl_ a_lrgb_b cvacqgt_ bc jäosgbm cl cj
cqn_agm glrcpqrgag_j cvrp_t_qasj_p, Cj rchgbm glrcpqrgag_j nscbc _`qmp`cp t_pgmq jgrpmq bc
jäosgbm w _amkmb_p f_qr_ sl ÜŨ # bcj ncqm _bgagml_j _lrcq bc osc _n_pcxa_ cj cbck_
dmtcmj_p00, J_q a_sq_q t_pä_l bcqbc jma_jcq f_qr_ eclcp_jcq, Aclrpc qsq npceslr_q cl j_
jma_jgx_agèl* apmlmjmeä_ w agpaslqr_lag_q bc j_ rskcd_aagèl w cl jmq qälrmk_q _qmag_bmq,
°üF_ lmr_bm _jesl_ fglaf_xèl cl mrpmq jse_pcq= üBèlbc=,,, üCl _jeíl mrpm qgrgm= üAsÉl+
bm _n_pcac= üCkncmp_ nmp j_ k_é_l_ m nmp j_ lmafc= üJc _npgcr_l jmq x_n_rmq=¢
Amlrglíc aml °üJc _npgcr_l jmq _lgjjmq cl jmq bcbmq= üQc jct_lr_ aml jmq mhmq fglaf_+
bmq nmp j_ k_é_l_= üF_ rclgbm osc qmjr_pqc cj aglrspèl=¢, ?qgkgqkm °üLmr_ osc j_ pmn_
jc _npgcr_ bck_qg_bm nmp j_ aglrsp_=¢, T_jc j_ ncl_ ncbgp _ jmq n_agclrcq* qg pcrgclcl
jäosgbm* osc _lmrcl cj ncqm a_b_ k_é_l_* nmposc cj cbck_ lm qgcknpc qc k_lgdgcqr_
f_qr_ osc qc f_l _asksj_bm t_pgmq jgrpmq _bgagml_jcq bc jäosgbm,
È Ï Đ Ç Đ Å Î F Ĕ Ä Ç Đ Ĥ Ä Ç Ć Ĥ Ď Ë Đ
F . F E P c i i R A
<GNCT KNQPSUCOUGT QCSC MC QSPNPEKaO Y GM CTGTPSCNKGOUP
TPDSG TCMVF
ò @of_^al m^o^ i^ efmboqbkpfèk
ò @of_^al m^o^ i^p bkcbojba^abp `^oafls^p`ri^obp v abi f`qrp
ò @of_^al m^o^ i^p afpifmfabjf^p
ò Moljl`fèk ab i^ jlafcf`^`fèk ab ilp eÉ_fqlp ab sfa^ v afpjfkr`fèk
ab ilp c^`qlobp ab ofbpdl
J_q cldcpkcb_bcq a_pbgmt_qasj_pcq* clrpc j_q as_jcq qc asclr_l j_ fgncprclqgèl* j_q
cldcpkcb_bcq ampml_pg_q* j_ glqsdgagclag_ a_pbä_a_* cj garsq w j_q _lmk_jä_q a_pbgmt_qas+
j_pcq amleàlgr_q* _dcar_l _ 6. kgjjmlcq bc _bsjrmq cl Cqr_bmq Slgbmq, Qgescl amlqrgrs+
wclbm j_ npgkcp_ a_sq_ bc kscprc bc jmq fmk`pcq w kshcpcq w pcnpcqclr_l a_qg sl rcp+
Knpklja] aj h] ]bgiZ]W]YbW]U jYbhf]Wi`Uf
]nei]YfXU c YghYbcg]g a ]hfU`5 p]i^eÇj aj h]
YbZYfa YXUX di`a cbUf cVghfiWh]jU*
H] @LJ `ajkp] ]bgiZ]W]YbW]U jYbhf]Wi`Uf
]nei]YfXU k YghYbcg]g a ]hfU`( u hko aleok`eko
`a Uga U bcWhifbU lqa`aj oeiqh]nh]+
Ah YXYa U XYdYbX]YbhY oa hk_]hev] aj h]o l]n´
pao i~o ^]f]o `ah _qanlk7 hko leao u h]o lean´
j]o ]h oajp]noa k ah o]_nk ]h ]_kop]noa+ H]o
_]qo]o lqa`aj oan _]n`Ñ]_]o %]bgiZ]W]YbW]U
WUfXwUWU Wcb[Ygh]jU&( jqpne_ekj]hao %]dcU`)
Via ]bYa ]U& k lkoe_ekj]hao+
Ah a`ai] oa k^oanr] aj h]o ajbania`]`ao
naj]hao u dal~pe_]o7 pqiab]__eâj lanekn^ep]*
ne]) ]jehhko ]lnap]`ko aj ah gwbXfcaY bYZfzh])
Wc5 ]qiajpk `a h] _ejpqn] aj h] UgW]h]g u aj
h] ]bgiZ]W]YbW]U Ydsh]WU*
18. HJGEG;AìF Q 9K=KGJ9EA=FLG KG:J= K9DM<
agè bc rmb_ j_ kmpr_jgb_b cqr_bmslgbclqc/1, J_ npctclagèl npgk_pg_ n_p_ j_q ncpqml_q qgl
k_lgdcqr_agmlcq bc cldcpkcb_b a_pbgmt_qasj_p w j_ npctclagèl qcaslb_pg_ n_p_ _oscjj_q
aml cngqmbgmq a_pbgmt_qasj_pcq amlmagbmq* bcj rgnm bc _legl_ m gld_prm bc kgma_pbgm*
pcnpcqclr_l _íl npgmpgb_bcq `Éqga_q cl j_ amlqsjr_* cj fmqngr_j w j_ q_jsb ní`jga_ l_agm+
l_j, J_ cbsa_agèl w cj _qcqmp_kgclrm mpgclr_pÉl _ jmq n_agclrcq n_p_ k_lrclcp t_jmpcq
ènrgkmq bc j_ npcqgèl _prcpg_j* cj amjcqrcpmj* cj ncqm w cj chcpagagm w pcbsagp jmq d_armpcq
bc pgcqem n_p_ j_q cldcpkcb_bcq a_pbgmt_qasj_pcq w cj garsq, Qs rp_`_hm amkm kàbgam qc
aclrp_ cl rpcq m`hcrgtmq8
ò Clrclbcp jmq b_rmq bckmepÉdgamq pcjct_lrcq qm`pc j_ cldcpkcb_b a_pbgmt_qasj_p w cj
garsq cl j_ nm`j_agèl,
ò Gbclrgdga_p jmq d_armpcq bc pgcqem pcj_agml_bmq,
ò Cqr_`jcacp sl_ pcj_agèl bc amldg_lx_ aml jmq n_agclrcq n_p_ _wsb_pjcq _ pcbsagp m
amlrpmj_p jmq d_armpcq bc pgcqem,
J_ gldmpk_agèl npcqclr_b_ _osä qc f_ bgqcé_bm n_p_ kchmp_p qs cdga_ag_ _ j_ fmp_ bc
t_jmp_p j_ cldcpkcb_b a_pbgmt_qasj_p cl qsq n_agclrcq c gltmjsap_pjc cl j_ pcbsaagèl
bc jmq d_armpcq bc pgcqem npgk_pgmq w qcaslb_pgmq,
Apg`_bm n _p_ j_ fgncprclqgèl, Qceíl cj Npctclrgtc Qcptgacq R_qi Dmpaà bc Cqr_bmq
Slgbmq* j_ fgncprclqgèl pcnpcqclr_ cj °13 # bc rmbmq jmq gld_prmq bc kgma_pbgm c garsq* cj
27 # bc rmbmq jmq cngqmbgmq bc glqsdgagclag_ a_pbä_a_ w cj 02 # bc rmb_q j_q kscprcq npck_+
rsp_q¢01, Cj R_qi Dmpaà pcamkgclb_ tgt_kclrc cj apg`_bm bc j_ fgncprclqgèl _prcpg_j clrpc jmq
_bsjrmq bc /6 m kÉq _émq, Jmq cqrsbgmq nm`j_agml_jcq pcagclrcq* bc j_pe_ bsp_agèl* f_l _jcl+
r_bm sl a_k`gm cqncar_asj_p cl j_q cqrp_rceg_q cqr_bmslgbclqcq n_p_ npctclgp w pcbsagp j_
fgncprclqgèl _prcpg_j, Cj Qctclrf Pcnmpr md rfc Hmglr L_rgml_j Amkkgrrcc ml Npctclrgml*
Bcrcargml* Ct_js_rgml* _lb Rpc_rkclr md Fgef @jmmb Npcqspc* amlmagbm amkm HLA 5* cj
L_rgml_j Fgef @jmmb Npcqqspc Cbsa_rgml Npmep_k w jmq gltcqrge_bmpcq ajälgamq f_l j_lx_+
bm _jeslmq kclq_hcq cqclag_jcq &t, as_bpm bc j_ nÉe, 12/'02*049 cqrmq b_rmq cvnjga_l j_ aj_qg+
dga_agèl kÉq päegb_ w qclagjj_ bc j_ npcqgèl _prcpg_j cl cj HLA 5* osc dsc amldgpk_b_ cl 0..5
&t, as_bpm gldcpgmp'05,
BF; 03 hWi]ei [i[dY_Wb[i fWhW [lWbkWh bW fh[i_|d Whj[h_Wb+-
ê Ateopaj _q]pnk _]packnÑ]o ]_pq]hao `a lnaoeâj ]npane]h+ H] _]packnÑ] kloj^i oa
`abeja _ki k qj] lnaoeâj iajkn `a ./-,5- ii Dc+
ê H]o lnaoekjao oeopâhe_]o `a ./- ] .06 ii Dc) h]o lnaoekjao `e]opâhe_]o `a 5- ]
56 ii Dc k h] _ki^ej]_eâj `a ]i^]o _knnaolkj`aj ] h] _]packnÑ] `a
mobefmboqbkpfèk %]jpanekniajpa ólnaoeâj ]npane]h aj ah hÑiepa ]hpk `a h]
jkni]he`]`ò& u atecaj _]i^eko `a hko d~^epko `a re`]+
ê H] efmboqbkpfèk bk bpq^afl /* ao `a_en) qj] L= oeopähe_] `a .1- ]
.26 ii Dc) qj] L= `e]opâhe_] `a 6- ] 66 ii Dc) k ]i^]o) k^hec] ] eje_e]n ah
pn]p]ieajpk b]ni]_khâce_k ]jpedelanpajoerk+
ê H] lnaoeâj ]npane]h na_kiaj`]`] l]n] hko l]_eajpao _kj `e]^apao u jabnkl]pe]
_nâje_] _knnaolkj`a ] iajko `a .0-,5- ii Dc+
ê Dku oa _kjoe`an] óej`eolajo]^haò mqa pk`]o h]o lanokj]o ]`klpaj d~^epko
o]hq`]^hao `ah re`]+
19. HJGEG;AìF Q 9K=KGJ9EA=FLG KG:J= K9DM<
? amlrgls_agèl qc pcqskcl _jeslmq kclq_hcq gknmpr_lrcq* npmtclgclrcq bc cqrsbgmq
pcagclrcq* osc _wsb_l _ jmq ajälgamq _ _qcqmp_p _ jmq n_agclrcq,
E = F K9 B= K =K=F ; A9 D=K K G : J = D9 @ AH = J L = F K Aì F
ò †I^p mboplk^p klojlqbkp^p ^ ilp 33 ^élp mobpbkq^k rk ofbpdl ab efmboqbkpfèk
abi 7. # ^ il i^odl ab i^ sfa^°02,
ò †JÉp ab / ab `^a^ 0 ^ariqlp j^vlobp ab 4. ^élp prcob efmboqbkpfèkØŪŰv pèil
bi 12 # ab ilp efmboqbkplp ^i`^kw^ ilp l_gbqfslp ob`ljbka^alp ab mobpfèk
^oqbof^i02,
ò †I^ obi^`fèk bkqob i^ mobpfèk ^oqbof^i v bi ofbpdl ab bmfplaflp `^oafls^p`ri^obp bp
`lkqfkr^* rkfclojb v kl abmbkab ab lqolp c^`qlobp ab ofbpdl,,, M^o^ i^p
mboplk^p ab 2. ^ 5. ^élp* `^a^ fk`objbkql bk i^ M> pfpqêif`^ ab 0. jj Ed l
bk i^ M> af^pqèif`^ ab /. jj Ed al_i^ bi ofbpdl ab bmfplaflp `^oafls^p`ri^obp
bk qlal bi bpmb`qol ab mobpfèk ^oqbof^i `ljmobkafal bkqob //3-53 v
/63-//3 jj Ed°02%06,
ò Bk ilp do^kabp bpqraflp ml_i^alk^ibp ob`fbkqbp pl_ob ilp c^`qlobp ab ofbpdl
`^oafls^p`ri^o pb e^k `lkpq^q^al alp a^qlp ii^j^qfslp078
/, Pèil `bo`^ abi 2*6# ^i 7*7# ab i^ ml_i^`fèk glsbk fkj^aro^ mobpbkq^ rk
ofbpdl _^gl,
0, I^p sbkq^g^p abi bpq^al ab ofbpdl _^gl plk bklojbp8 obar``fèk ab i^
jloq^ifa^a `^oafls^p`ri^o bkqob bi 50 # v bi 63 # v obar``fèk ab i^
jloq^ifa^a mlo i^p abjÉp `^rp^p bkqob bi 2.# v bi 36#* il nrb prmlkb rk
fk`objbkql bk i^p bpmbo^kw^p ab sfa^ ab 3*6 ^ 7*3 ^élp, Bpqb fk`objbkql
†ofdb m^o^ ilp ^col^jbof`^klp* ilp _i^k`lp ^pä `ljl i^p mboplk^p ab jbklo v
j^vlo `^qbdloä^ pl`flb`lkèjf`^°07,
ò Mlo `lkpfdrfbkqb* kl _^pq^ `lk bi ob`lkl`fjfbkql v bi qo^q^jfbkql ab i^p
mboplk^p `lk c^`qlobp ab ofbpdl, Bp crka^jbkq^i rk^ bpqo^qbdf^ ml_i^`flk^i
buqbkp^ m^o^ mobsbkfo v obar`fo i^ j^dkfqra ab qlalp ilp mofk`fm^ibp c^`qlobp ab
ofbpdl* ab jlal nrb i^p mboplk^p bpq^_ibw`^k `lkar`q^p c^slo^_ibp bk i^
fkc^k`f^ v j^kqbkd^k rk ofbpdl _^gl aro^kqb qla^ i^ sfa^07,
Jmq d_armpcq bc pgcqem n_p_ j_ fgncprclqgèl qml j_ gl_argtgb_b däqga_* j_ kgapm_j`skg+
lspg_ m j_q agdp_q bc EDP gldcpgmpcq _ 4. kj-kgl* jmq _lrcacbclrcq d_kgjg_pcq bc cldcp+
kcb_bcq a_pbgmt_qasj_pcq npck_rsp_q &:33 _émq clrpc jmq fmk`pcq w : 43 _émq clrpc
j_q kshcpcq'* cj _nmprc cvacqgtm bc qmbgm cl j_ bgcr_* cj _nmprc glqsdgagclrc bc nmr_qgm w
cj amlqskm cvacqgtm bc _jamfmj02,
@of_^al m^o^ i^p bkcbojba^abp `^oafls^p`ri^obp v abi f`qrp, J_ ?kcpga_l
Fc_pr ?qqmag_rgml &?F?'* cl qs _ars_jgx_agèl bc 0..0* qcé_jè bc sl_ k_lcp_ pmrsl+
b_ cj pcrm osc qsnmlc j_ pcbsaagèl bc jmq d_armpcq bc pgcqem n_p_ jmq ajälgamq1.8
ò °Cj bcq_däm n_p_ jmq npmdcqgml_jcq q_lgr_pgmq pcqgbc cl dmkclr_p sl_ pcbsaagèl cvrcl+
q_ bcj pgcqem a_pbgmt_qasj_p bc sl k_wmp líkcpm bc n_agclrcq* cl sl_ cr_n_ kÉq
rcknp_l_ bc j_ cldcpkcb_b¢* aml m`hcrm bc _knjg_p jmq `clcdgagmq bc j_ npctclagèl
npgk_pg_,
ò °Cj kclq_hc glt_pg_`jc cq osc j_ _bmnagèl bc fÉ`grmq bc tgb_ q_jsb_`jcq qgesc amlq+
rgrswclbm j_ ngcbp_ _lesj_p bc j_ npctclagèl npgk_pg_¢,
20. HJGEG;AìF Q 9K=KGJ9EA=FLG KG:J= K9DM<
ò °Cj gkncp_rgtm cq npctclgp cj npgkcp cngqmbgm bc cldcpkcb_b ampml_pg_ m bc garsq m
j_ _n_pgagèl bc _lcspgqk_q cl j_ _mpr_ w cldcpkcb_b t_qasj_p ncpgdàpga_* b_b_ j_ r_q_
_íl _jr_ bc kmpr_jgb_b m glt_jgbcx bcqnsàq bcj npgkcp cngqmbgm¢,
Cl sl npgkcp kmkclrm* jmq ajälgamq bc`cl pcamlmacp lm qèjm j_ cjct_agèl bc j_ npcqgèl
_prcpg_j qglm r_k`gàl mrpmq d_armpcq bc pgcqem ncpdcar_kclrc amlmagbmq n_p_ j_ cldcpkc+
b_b ampml_pg_, Cl qsq bgpcarpgacq n_p_ j_ npctclagèl npgk_pg_ bc j_q cldcpkcb_bcq a_p+
bgmt_qasj_pcq w bcj garsq* j_ ? F ? pcamkgclb_1.8
ò Cj apg`_bm bc jmq d_armpcq bc pgcqem bc jmq _bsjrmq bc`c glgag_pqc _ jmq 0. _émq,
ò S l_ cqrgk_agèl eclcp_j bcj pgcqem _`qmjsrm bc cldcpkcb_b ampml_pg_ clrpc rmbmq jmq _bsj+
rmq bc 2. _émq m kÉq, Cj m`hcrgtm bc j_ cqrgk_agèl eclcp_j bc pgcqem cq _wsb_p _j
n_agclrc _ k_lrclcp cj pgcqem jm kÉq `_hm nmqg`jc, Pcascpbc osc j_ bg_`crcq* m sl
pgcqem k_wmp bcj ŪŨ # _ jmq ÜŨ _émq* qc cosgn_p_ aml jmq cosgt_jclrcq amlmagbmq
bcj pgcqem ampml_pgm,
>9 ; L G J = K <= J A= K? G Q >J =; M =F ; A9 <= ; J A: 9 < G <= DG K E AK E G K =F D9 N A< 9 9<M DL9
9 H9JLAJ <= DGK + ) 9uGK
C^`qlo ab ofbpdl Cob`rbk`f^
>kqb`babkqbp c^jfif^obp / >`qr^ifa^a mbofèaf`^jbkqb
ab bkcbojba^a `lolk^of^ G
Q^_^nrfpjl
Afbq^ Bk `^a^ sfpfq^ ab orqfk^
@lkprjl ab ^i`leli
>`qfsfa^a cäpf`^
Mobpfèk ^oqbof^i
äkaf`b ab j^p^ `lomlo^i Bk `^a^ sfpfq^ ab orqfk^
Mboäjbqol ab i^ `fkqro^ &`ljl jäkfjl* `^a^ Ū ^élp'
Mripl &m^o^ abqb`q^o i^ cf_ofi^`fèk
^rof`ri^o'
Mbocfi ab ifmlmolqbäk^p bk ^vrk^p @ljl jäkfjl* `^a^ 3 ^élp
Dir`lp^ bk ^vrk^p Pf bufpqbk c^`qlobp ab ofbpdl m^o^
efmboifmfabjf^ l af^_bqbp* `^a^ Ū ^élp
Ab8 Mb^oplk Q>* ?i^fo PK* A^kfbip PO* bq ^i, >E> drfabifkbp clo mofj^ov mobsbkqflk lc
`^oafls^p`ri^o afpb^pb ^ka pqolhb8 0... rma^qb, @fo`ri^qflk /.48166+17/* 0..0,
=K L AE 9 ; Aì F ? =F = J 9 D <=D J A= K? G ; G J G F 9 J AG 9 DG K * ) 9 u G K =F LJ= DG K 9 < M DL G K
;GF MF9 =<9< 7 - ) 9uGK
Bpq^_ib`bo i^ mrkqr^`fèk ab ofbpdl jìiqfmib ab bkcbojba^a `lolk^of^ _^pÉkalpb bk8
ò Ba^a* pbul
ò Q^ii^* mbpl v mboäjbqol ab i^ `fkqro^ l äkaf`b ab j^p^ `lomlo^i
ò Q^_^nrfpjl
%Wcb h]b| U&
21. HJGEG;AìF Q 9K=KGJ9EA=FLG KG:J= K9DM<
=K L AE 9 ; Aì F ? =F = J 9 D <=D J A= K? G ; G J G F 9 J AG 9 DG K * ) 9 u G K =F LJ= DG K 9 < M DL G K
;GF MF9 =<9< 7 - ) 9uGK &amlrgls_agèl'
ò >kqb`babkqbp ab bkcbojba^abp `^oafls^p`ri^obp l af^_bqbp
ò Mobpfèk ^oqbof^i pfpqèif`^ v af^pqèif`^
ò @libpqboli qlq^i v `libpqboli rkfal ^ IAI v ^ EAI
ò Qofdif`àofalp
ò >kqb`babkqbp c^jfif^obp ab `^oaflm^qä^ qbjmo^k^
M^o^ `^i`ri^o bi ofbpdl `lolk^ofl qlq^i* rqfif`b i^p `^i`ri^alo^p ab ofbpdl nrb pb
bk`rbkqo^k bk `r^inrfbo^ ab ilp pfqflp tb_ pfdrfbkqbp &r lqo^p b`r^`flkbp'8
eqqm8--ttt,^jboü`^keb^oq,lod-mobpbkqbo,geqji=fabkqfcfbo;?..?277
eqqm8--efk,kdi_f,kfe,dls-^qmfff-`^i`ri^qlo,^pm=rpboqvmb;molc
@a7 La]nokj P=) >h]en OJ) @]jeaho ON) ap ]h+ =D= cqe`ahejao bkn lnei]nu lnarajpekj kb
_]n`ekr]o_qh]n `eoa]oa ]j` opnkga7 /--- ql`]pa+ ?en_qh]pekj .-37055*06.) /--/+
@of_^al m^o^ i^p afpifmfabjf^p, Cl 0../* jmq L_rgml_j Fc_pr* Jsle* _lb @jmmb
Glqrgrsrc md rfc L_rgml_j Glqrgrsrcq md Fc_jrf ns`jga_pml cj Rfgpb Pcnmpr md rfc L_rgm+
l_j Afmjcqrcpmj Cbsa_rgml Npmep_k Cvncpr N_lcj* amlmagbm amkm ?RN GGG1/, Cl 0..0*
qgesgè j_ ns`jga_agèl bcj gldmpkc LACN amknjcrm10, Cqrmq gldmpkcq npmnmpagml_l pcam+
kclb_agmlcq* `_q_b_q cl j_ ctgbclag_* n_p_ cj rp_r_kgclrm bc jmq rp_qrmplmq aml cjct_+
agèl bcj amjcqrcpmj w jmq rp_qrmplmq jgnäbgamq pcj_agml_bmq* w bmaskclr_l osc °jmq cqrs+
bgmq cngbckgmjèegamq f_l bckmqrp_bm osc j_q agdp_q qàpga_q bc amjcqrcpmj qc
amppcj_agml_l bc k_lcp_ amlrgls_ aml cj pgcqem ampml_pgm cl sl _knjgm glrcpt_jm bc
t_jmpcq bc amjcqrcpmj¢ cl ksaf_q nm`j_agmlcq bcj kslbm11, J_q a_p_arcpäqrga_q cqclag_+
jcq bcj ?RN GGG qml j_q qgesgclrcq,
J[Yec [dZWY_ed[i [i[dY_Wb[i Z[b 9LH AAA
ò Ob`lkl`fjfbkql ab i^p IAI `ljl l_gbqfsl mofk`fm^i abi qo^q^jfbkql obar`qlo
abi `libpqboli,
ò @i^pfcf`^`fèk ab qobp `^qbdloä^p ab ofbpdl ^ ilp /. ^élp8
ò Ofbpdl ^iql &ofbpdl ^ ilp /. ^élp <0. # '8 bkcbojba^a `lolk^of^ bpq^_ib`fa^
v bnrfs^ibkqbp ab ofbpdl `lolk^ofl,
ò Ofbpdl jlabo^a^jbkqb ^iql &ofbpdl ^ ilp /. ^élp abi /.+0.#'8 c^`qlobp
ab ofbpdl* jìiqfmibp l jÉp ab Ū,
ò Ofbpdl _^gl &ofbpdl ^ ilp /. ^élp :/.#'8 c^`qlobp ab ofbpdl* kfkdrkl l rkl,
ò Ilp c^`qlobp ab ofbpdl `ljmobkabk bi q^_^nrfpjl* rk^ M> </2.-7. jj Ed l bi
rpl ab jbaf`^`fèk ^kqfefmboqbkpfs^* EAI :2. jd-ai* ^kqb`babkqbp c^jfif^obp
ab bkcbojba^a `lolk^of^ bkqob ilp m^ofbkqbp j^p`rifklp ab mofjbo do^al ^kqbp
ab ilp 33 ^élp l cbjbkfklp ^kqbp ab ilp 43 ^élp* v ba^a fdr^i l prmboflo ^ ilp
23 ^élp bk elj_obp l ba^a fdr^i l prmboflo ^ ilp 33 ^élp bk jrgbobp,
I^ bkcbojba^a `lolk^oi^ `ljmobkab ilp ^kqb`babkqbp ab fkc^oql ab jfl`^oafl l
ab ^kdfk^ bpq^_ib l fkbpq^_ib* i^p fkqbosbk`flkbp `lolk^of^p abi qfml ab
^kdflmi^pqf^ l `fordä^ ab obs^p`ri^ofw^`fèk l i^p morb_^p ab fpnrbjf^
jfl`Ñoaf`^ pfdkfcf`^qfs^,
%Wcb h]b| U&
k f f f f B ? ? c f N ? p ^ f f E l ^ B u $ p p p H w p B A ^ ^ p p B B ^ ^ f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f ^ ^ f
22. HJGEG;AìF Q 9K=KGJ9EA=FLG KG:J= K9DM<
J = ; G E = F < 9 ; AG F = K =K=F ; A9 D=K <=D 9 L H AAA
Ilp bnrfs^ibkqbp ab ofbpdl `lolk^ofl plk i^ bkcbojba^a ^qbolpaboèqf`^ kl `lolk^of^*
`ljl i^ bkcbojba^a ^oqbof^i mbofcàof`^* bi ^kbrofpj^ ab ^loq^ ^_aljfk^i l i^
bkcbojba^a `^olqäab^ &^``fabkqbp fpnràjf`lp qo^kpfqloflp l f`qrp ab lofdbk
`^olqäabl r l_pqor``fèk <3.# ab i^ ^oqbof^ `^oèqfa^'9 i^ af^_bqbp l alp l jÉp
c^`qlobp ab ofbpdl `lk rk ofbpdl `lolk^ofl ^ ilp /. ^élp <0.#,
ò Abcfkf`fèk abi ofbpdl ^iql `ljl †qla^ mboplk^ `lk bkcbojba^a `lolk^of^ l
bnrfs^ibkqbp ab ofbpdl `lolk^ofl°* bpq^_ib`fbkal rk l_gbqfsl ab IAI fdr^i
l fkcboflo ^ /.. jd-aim^o^ i^p mboplk^p ab ^iql ofbpdl,
ò Ob`lkl`fjfbkql ab ilp l_gbqfslp pb`rka^oflp abi qo^q^jfbkql* `ljl bi päkaoljb
jbq^_èif`l l s^ilobp ab qofdif`àofalp prmboflobp ^ /3. jd-ai* `ljl ofbpdl
fkabmbkafbkqb m^o^ i^ bkcbojba^a `lolk^of^ &s, q^_i^ pfdrfbkqb',
Cj ?RN GGG bcdglc cj qälbpmkc kcr_`èjgam amkm °sl_ amlqrcj_agèl bc d_armpcq bc pgcqem
jgnäbgamq wlm jgngbäcmq bc mpgecl kcr_`êjgam¢1/*10, Cqrc qälbpmkc cqrÉ älrgk_kclrc tgl+
asj_bm _j rp_qrmplm kcr_`èjgam bc pcqgqrclag_ _ j_ glqsjgl_ osc qc b_ clrpc j_q ncpqml_q
m`cq_q* aml gl_argtgb_b däqga_ m aml npcbgqnmqgagèl eclàrga_, Jmq apgrcpgmq ajälgamq bcj
qälbpmkc kcr_`èjgam qc clskcp_l cl j_ r_`j_ qgesgclrc, Pcascpbc osc cj ncpäkcrpm bc
j_ aglrsp_ qc pcj_agml_ kÉq cqrpcaf_kclrc aml jmq d_armpcq bc pgcqem n_p_ cj qälbpmkc
kcr_`èjgam osc cj älbgac bc k_q_ ampnmp_j &GKA',
Ó
RN GGGĻ ĆÅǺĎËĆĄĆĂÄÅĐÊǺĚ ĂĊĤĎĆĂĐĚ ÅǺĊ ĚĤĎÅÊĐÇǺ ÇǺËÄĀÎĊĆĂĐ
C^`qlo ab ofbpdl
M`cqgb_b _`bmkgl_j
Fmk`pcq
Kshcpcq
Rpgejgaàpgbmq
Amjcqrcpmj FBJ
Fmk`pcq
Kshcpcq
Npcqgèl _prcpg_j
Ejsamq_ cl _wsl_q
Kfsbi abcfkfqlofl
Ncpgkcrpm bc j_ aglrsp_
< ÜŨŪ ak
< ẂẂ ak
_ /3. ke-bj
: 2. ke-bj
: 3. ke-bj
_ /1.-_ 63 kk Fe
_ ÜÜŨ ke-bj
Cl hsjgm bc 0..2* cj LACN _ars_jgxè cqrmq gldmpkcq* `_qÉlbmqc cl jmq b_rmq bc aglam
ep_lbcq clq_wmq ajälgamq11, Fmw* cj LACN pcamkgclb_ t_jmpcq bc jgnmnpmrcäl_q bc `_h_
bclqgb_b &JBJ' gldcpgmpcq _ 5. ke-bj w rp_r_kgclrm jgngbgam glrclqgtm* amkm mnagèl
rcp_nàsrga_* _ j_q ncpqml_q bc _jrm pgcqem12, Cj LACN agr_ b_rmq osc bckscqrp_l osc jmq
n_agclrcq bc _jrm pgcqem qc `clcdgag_l bc sl bcqaclqm _bgagml_j bc j_q JBJ bcj 1. # _j
2.#* _sl as_lbm j_q JBJ cqràl nmp bc`_hm bc /.. ke-bj,
Cj Npctclrgtc Qcptgacq R_qi Dmpaà bc Cqr_bmq Slgbmq pcamkgclb_ cj apg`_bm qgqrckÉrg+
am bc j_q JBJ clrpc jmq fmk`pcq bc 13 m kÉq _émq w clrpc j_q kshcpcq bc 23 m kÉq13, Cj
apg`_bm bc`c glgag_pqc _ jmq 0. _émq* amkclx_lbm nmp jmq d_armpcq bc pgcqem n_p_ j_ cldcp+
kcb_b ampml_pg_14*15,
?amlqchc _ jmq n_agclrcq j_ pc_jgx_agèl bc sl ncpdgj jgngbgam cl _wsl_q n_p_ bcrcpkgl_p jmq
t_jmpcq bcj amjcqrcpmj rmr_j wbc j_q JBJ, Srgjgac j_q a_jasj_bmp_q bc pgcqem bc j_ nÉegl_ 121
23. HJGEG;AìF Q 9K=KGJ9EA=FLG KG:J= K9DM<
m amlqsjrc cj ?RN GGG n_p_ cqr_`jcacp j_ a_rcempä_ bc pgcqem bcacl_j bcj n_agclrc, Srgjgac j_q
bgpcarpgacq qgesgclrcq bc 0..2* osc amlrgclcl _fmp_ as_rpm epsnmq bc pgcqem* n_p_ nj_lgdg+
a_p j_q glrcptclagmlcq qm`pc jmq fÉ`grmq bc tgb_ w j_ kcbga_agèl fgnmjgngbckg_lrc,
Ó BĆÊǺĂËÊĆĂǺĚ ÄĂËĒÄĊĆĜÄÅÄĚ ÅǺ
RN GGGĻ ÊĆǺĚÆĐ Ä ĊĐĚ ǾØ ÄÌĐĚ
Ę ĐĀĈǺËĆĔĐĚ ÅǺ JBJ
@^qbdloä^ ab
ofbpdl ^ ilp /. ^élp L_gbqfsl ab IAI Plmbp^o i^ c^oj^`lqbo^mf^ pf i^p IAI
?jrm pgcqem
&<ŪŨ#'
Pgcqem
kmbcp_b_kclrc
_jrm &ÜŨ+ŪŨ#'
Pgcqem kmbcp_bm
ŘỲÜŨ #'
Pgcqem kclmp
&ŨŅÜ d_armpcq
bc pgcqem'
:/..ke-bj _jMM ke-bj
M`hcrgtm mnagml_j8 &:/.. ke-bj8 nj_lrc_p j_q mnagmlcq
:5. ke-bj d_pk_amjèega_q* glajsgb_ sl_ pcbsaagèl
_bgagml_j bc j_q JBJ bcj 1.+2. #'
:/1. ke-bj _j1. ke-bj
M`hcrgtm mnagml_j8 &/..+/07 ke-bj8 amlqgbcp_p j_q
ỲÜŨŨ ke-bj mnagmlcq d_pk_amjèega_q n_p_
_ja_lx_p cj m`hcrgtm bc ỲÜŨŨ ke-bj'
:/1. ke-bj _j4. ke-bj
:/4. ke-bj _j7. ke-bj
&/4.+/67 ke-bj8 d_pk_amrcp_ng_
mnagml_j'
=`]lp]`k `a7 Cnqj`u OI) ?haai]j Fh) Ianv J>) ap ]h) bkn pda ?kkn`ej]pejc ?kiieppaa kb pda
J]pekj]h ?dkhaopankh A`q_]pekj Lnkcn]i+ Eilhe_]pekjo kb na_ajp _heje_]h pne]ho bkn pda J]pekj]h
?dkhaopankh A`q_]pekj =`qhp Pna]piajp L]jah EEE cqe`ahejao+ ?en_qh]pekj ..-%/&7//4*/06) /--1+
Moljl`fèk ab i^ jlafcf`^`fèk ab ilp eÉ_fqlp ab sfa^ v afpjfkr`fèk ab ilp c^`∑
qlobp ab ofbpdl, Cj HLA 5* cj L_rgml_j Fgef @jmmb Npcqqspc Cbsa_rgml Npmep_k w j_
?F? dmkclr_l sl_ qcpgc bc kmbgdga_agmlcq cdcargt_q bc jmq fÉ`grmq bc tgb_ c glrcptclagm+
lcq qm`pc cj pgcqem* ncpdcar_kclrc cqrsbg_b_q* _ dglbc npctclgp j_ fgncprclqgèl* j_q cldcpkc+
b_bcq a_pbgmt_qasj_pcq wcj garsq, J_q kmbgdga_agmlcq bc jmq fÉ`grmq bc tgb_* cl cj a_qm bc j_
fgncprclqgèl* nscbcl bgqkglsgp j_ npcqgèl _prcpg_j qgqrêjga_ clrpc 0 w0. kkFe02, Jmq a_k+
E G < A>A; 9 ; AG F =K <= DGK @ ê : AL G K <= N A< 9 H 9 J 9 H J =N =F AJ G LJ9L9J D9 @ AH=J L =F KAì F
ò Mbpl èmqfjl l FJ@ ab /6*3+02*7 hd-jŪ
ò @lkprjl ab p^i fkcboflo ^ Ų d ab `ilorol pèaf`l l ^ 0*2 d ab plafl ^i aä^
ò Bgbo`f`fl ^boè_f`l obdri^o* mlo bgbjmil* `^jfk^o `lk m^pl ifdbol aro^kqb ^i
jbklp 1. jfk-aä^* i^ j^vlo m^oqb ab ilp aä^p ab i^ pbj^k^
ò @lkprjl af^ofl jlabo^al ab ^i`leli8 0 rkfa^abp l jbklp m^o^ ilp elj_obp v
/ rkfa^a l jbklp m^o^ i^p jrgbobp &0 rkfa^abp ; 1. jf ab bq^kli* 50. jf ab
`bosbw^* 1.. jf ab sfkl l 4.+7. jf ab tefphv'
ò >mloqb af^ofl ab jÉp ab 1,3.. jd ab mlq^pfl
ò Afbq^ `lk ^_rka^k`f^ ab corq^p* sbdbq^ibp v molar`qlp iÉ`qblp abpk^q^alp* `lk
rk `lkqbkfal obar`fal ab do^p^p p^qro^a^p v qlq^ibp
@a7 Sdahpkj LG) Da F) =llah HF) ap ]h+ Lnei]nu lnarajpekj kb dulanpajoekj+ ?heje_]h ]j` Lq^he_
Da]hpd =`reoknu bnki pda J]pekj]h Decd >hkk` Lnaooqna A`q_]pekj Lnkcn]i+ F=I=
/55%.2&7.55/*.555) /--/+
Ď ĆĆĆĆC ĄĆO ĚÄ ĆĆF Đ Ä C Ė Ī ĚĚĚI Ĝ ĚC B Ä Ä ĚĚC C Ä Ä ĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆÄ Ä Ć
24. HJGEG;AìF Q 9K=KGJ9EA=FLG KG:J= K9DM<
`gmq bc jmq fÉ`grmq bc tgb_ bcqrgl_bmq _ pcbsagp j_ fgncprclqgèl qc qmj_n_l aml j_q pcamkcl+
b_agmlcq n_p_ bgqkglsgp cj pgcqem bc j_q cldcpkcb_bcq a_pbgmt_qasj_pcq w cj garsq* amkm qc
tc _ amlrgls_agèl,
Adj[hl[dY_ed[i ieXh[ [b h_[i]e fWhW fh[l[d_h bWi [d[hc[ZWZ[i
A
PBGMT
QASJ
PCQ W CJ GARSQ
ò >_pqfkbk`f^ `ljmibq^ abi q^_^`l
ò @lkqoli èmqfjl ab i^ mobpfèk ^oqbof^i8 sà^kpb i^p afob`qof`bp abi GK@ 5 bk i^
mÉdfk^ 12.
ò >ifjbkq^`fèk p^ira^_ib8 sà^kpb ob`ljbka^`flkbp afbqàqf`^p bk i^ mÉdfk^ ^kqboflo
ò Qo^q^jfbkql ifmäaf`l8 sà^pb i^ q^_i^ bk i^p mÉdfk^p 121+122
ò Bgbo`f`fl ^boè_f`l obdri^o8 sà^pb i^ mÉdfk^ ^kqboflo
ò Mbpl èmqfjl8 sà^pb i^ mÉdfk^ ^kqboflo
ò Qo^q^jfbkql ab i^ af^_bqbp m^o^ nrb bi s^ilo ab i^ dir`lp^ bk ^vrk^p bpqà mlo
ab_^gl ab //. jd-ai v ab i^ Ed>i` mlo ab_^gl abi 5#
ò @lksbopfèk ab i^ cf_ofi^`fèk ^rof`ri^o bk ofqjl pfkrp^i kloj^i l* pf bp `oèkf`^*
^kqf`l^dri^`fèk
@a7 La]nokj P=) >h]en OJ) @]jeaho ON) ap ]h+ =D= cqe`ahejao bkn lnei]nu lnarajpekj kb
_]n`ekr]o_qh]n `eoa]oa ]j` opnkga7 0..0 ql`]pa+ ?en_qh]pekj /.48166+17/* 0..0,
>ifjbkq^`fèk p^ira^_ib, Amkclx_p nmp sl_ _l_klcqgq bc jmq fÉ`grmq bgcràrgamq
&t, nÉeq, /.4+/.5'* w qcesgp aml j_ pcamkclb_agèl bc sl _nmprc `_hm bc amjcqrcpmj w ep_q_
rmr_j* qm`pc rmbm ep_q_ nmam q_rsp_b_ m qo^kp, Jmq _jgkclrmq aml ep_q_q kmlmglq_rsp_b_q*
nmjgglq_rsp_b_q w Éagbmq ep_qmq rm+1 bc jmq _acgrcq bc ncqa_bm _wsb_l _ pcbsagp cj amjcqrcpmj
bc j_ q_lepc, Pcn_qc j_q dsclrcq _jgkclr_pg_q bc cqr_q ep_q_q q_jsb_`jcq wnmam q_jsb_`jcq16,
DSCLRCQ
JGK CL R
PG
Q BC E P
Q
Q Q
JSB
JCQ W NM AM Q
JSB
JCQ
Do^p^p p^ira^_ibp
ò >ifjbkqlp of`lp bk do^p^ jlklfkp^qro^a^8 corqlp pb`lp* `ljl ^ijbkao^p* m^`^k^p
v `^`^erbqbp9 pbjfii^p ab pàp^jl9 ^dr^`^qbp9 ^`bfqb ab `^éèi^9 ^`bfqb ab lifs^ v
ab `^`^erbqb* v j^kqbnrfii^ ab `^`^erbqb
ò >ifjbkqlp of`lp bk do^p^ mliffkp^qro^a^8 j^äw* `lifcilo* ^`bfqb ab ^idlaèk9 v ^`bfqb
ab plg^9 ^sbii^k^p9 mbmfq^p ab `^i^_^w^ l ab dfo^pli9 j^od^ofk^ _i^ka^ &bk i^q^'9
j^vlkbp^* v ^ifélp m^o^ bkp^i^a^
ò >ifjbkqlp of`lp bk É`falp do^plp `l+18 _lkfql abi kloqb* ^obknrb* `^_^ii^* qor`e^
^o`l fofp* p^ijèk v p^oafk^p
Do^p^p ml`l p^ira^_ibp
ò >ifjbkqlp of`lp bk `libpqboli8 molar`qlp iÉ`qblp* vbj^ ab erbsl* eäd^al v
`^okbp* `^okb of`^ bk do^p^p v ^sbp ab `loo^i
ò >ifjbkqlp of`lp bk do^p^p p^qro^a^p8 molar`qlp iÉ`qblp of`lp bk do^p^8 `obj^p*
nrbplp* ebi^alp* ib`eb bkqbo^ v `lk rk Ū # ab do^p^* v `obj^p É`fa^p9 m^k`bq^*
j^kqbnrfii^9 `el`li^qb9 ^`bfqb ab `l`l9 j^kqb`^* do^p^ v iänrfal nrb
abpmobkab i^ `^okb ^i `l`fk^oi^9 `^okbp of`^p bk do^p^* `ljl i^ `^okb mf`^a^ ab
s^`rkl* jloq^abi^* mboofqlp `^ifbkqbp v p^i`ef`e^p
ò >ifjbkqlp of`lp bk do^p^ qo^kp8 obcofdboflp v molar`qlp ab obmlpqboä^ `lk ^`bfqbp
efaoldbk^alp l m^o`f^ijbkqb efaoldbk^alp* _^oofq^p ab j^od^ofk^* j^kqb`^
sbdbq^i v m^q^q^p cofq^p ^i^od^a^p
25. HJGE G;AìF Q 9K=KGJ9EA=FLG KG:J= K9DM<
>pbplo^jfbkql pl_ob bi mbpl w bi bgbo`f`fl, J_ ns`jga_agèl °Npmepcqq Pctgcu+
Lsrpgrgml _lb Mtcpucgefr¢ &pctgqgèl bc jmq npmepcqmq cl lsrpgagèl w qm`pcncqm' bc
clcpm bc 0..2 _n_pcagb_ cl Fc_jrfw Ncmnjc 0./. qcé_j_ jm qgesgclrc8 °jmq d_armpcq _jg+
kclr_pgmq qc _qmag_l _ Ů bc j_q ÜŨ npgkcp_q a_sq_q bc kscprc § cldcpkcb_b ampml_pg_*
_jeslmq rgnmq bc aÉlacp* garsq w bg_`crcq bc rgnm Ū§ w r_k`gàl _ j_ fgncprclqgèl _prc+
pg_j w j_ mqrcmnmpmqgq, Cl amlhslrm* jmq b_rmq bc jmq rpcq m`hcrgtmq Fc_jrfw Ncmnjc 0./.
pcj_rgtmq _j ncqm bc jmq _bsjrmq w lgémq pcdjch_l sl_ rclbclag_ _j ckncmp_kgclrm¢16,
KÉq bcj 4. # bc jmq lmprc_kcpga_lmq bc fmw qml m`cqmq m rgclcl qm`pcncqm* aml sl
GKA ges_j m k_wmp bc 03,
Cj _qcqmp_kgclrm qm`pc cj ncqm qc f_ amltcprgbm cl sl gkncp_rgtm ajälgam, Ct_jíc cj
GKA amkm qc amkclr_ cl cj a_närsjm 2* nÉegl_q //0+//2, Amkclrc jmq npglagngmq bc
sl_ _jgkclr_agèl q_jsb_`jc8 jmq n_agclrcq aml sl amlqskm cjct_bm bc ep_q_q qscjcl
_asksj_p kÉq ep_q_ ampnmp_j osc _oscjjmq aml sl amlqskm cjct_bm bc npmrcäl_q c
fgbp_rmq bc a_p`mlm, Pcn_qc jmq fÉ`grmq _jgkclr_pgmq bcj n_agclrc w jmq n_rpmlcq d_kg+
jg_pcq bc ncqm, Dghc m`hcrgtmq pc_jgqr_q osc _wsbcl _j n_agclrc _ k_lrclcp fÉ`grmq _jg+
kclr_pgmq q_jsb_`jcq bc nmp tgb_,
Cj chcpagagm pcesj_p cq cj npgkcp glbga_bmp bc q_jsb n_p_ Fc_jrfw Ncmnjc 0./., Cl j_ ns`jg+
a_agèl °Npmepcqq Pctgcu+Nfwqga_j ?argtgrw _lb Dgrlcqq¢ &pctgqgèl bc jmq npmepcqmq cl
j_ _argtgb_b w dmpk_ däqga_' bc _`pgj bc 0..2* Fc_jrfw Ncmnjc 0./. qcé_j_8 °cl cj _ém
ŪŨŨŨ* j_ _jgkclr_agèl cppèlc_* qsk_b_ _ j_ d_jr_ bc chcpagagm* qsnsqm j_ qceslb_ a_sq_
pc_j bc kscprc, J_ j_esl_ clrpc cqrc d_armp bc pgcqem w cj amlqskm bc r_`_am* j_ a_sq_
npglagn_j* qc f_ cqrpcaf_bm amlqgbcp_`jckclrc cl j_ íjrgk_ bàa_b_¢17, N_p_ pcbsagp cj
pgcqem bc cldcpkcb_b ampml_pg_* _qcqmpc _ jmq n_agclrcq* _ dgl bc osc pc_jgacl sl chcpag+
agm _cpè`gam m osc _skclrc j_ a_nr_agèl ksqasj_p bc mväeclm bsp_lrc _j kclmq 1. kgl
a_qg rmbmq jmq bä_q bc j_ qck_l_, Cqrgksjc j_ kmrgt_agèl qs`p_w_lbm jmq `clcdgagmq
glkcbg_rmq n_p_ j_ q_jsb w cj `gclcqr_p, J_ glqngp_agèl npmdslb_* j_ qsb_agèl _ rckncp_+
rsp_q dpä_q w j_ _acjcp_agèl bcj nsjqm nmp clagk_ bcj 4.# bc j_ dpcasclag_ a_pbä_a_
kÉvgk_ lmpk_j _hsqr_b_ n_p_ j_ cb_b &m ŪŪŨ kclmq j_ cb_b bc j_ ncpqml_' qml k_pa_+
bmpcq osc _wsb_l _ jmq n_agclrcq _ pcamlmacp cj glgagm bcj kcr_`mjgqkm _cpè`gam, Acp+
agèpcqc bc ct_js_p as_josgcp cqr_bm a_pbgmt_qasj_p* nsjkml_p s mqrcmksqasj_p osc
qsnmle_ sl pgcqem _lrcq bc cqamecp cj npmep_k_ bc chcpagagmq,
26. Lt;FA;9K <= =PHDGJ9;AìF
R À A L I H F B Ć S N G M
-"* Á L
?fmp_ cqrÉ npcn_p_bm n_p_ _npclbcp j_q ràalga_q ajÉqga_q bc cvnjmp_agèl bcj qgqrck_
a_pbgmt_qasj_p, Cq gknpcqaglbg`jc osc amlmxa_ `gcl j_ _l_rmkä_ w j_ dgqgmjmeä_ a_p+
bä_a_q n_p_ osc clrgclb_ j_ fckmbglÉkga_ bc cqrc qgqrck_ acpp_bm bc djshm _lrcpè+
ep_bm aml `mk`_, Lm m`qr_lrc* j_ amldg_lx_ w j_ npcagqgèl cl cj pcegqrpm bc jmq b_rmq
ajälgamq* r_lrm lmpk_jcq amkm n_rmjèegamq* qèjm j_q _bosgpgpÉ _ rp_tàq bc sl chcpag+
agm bgjgeclrc w pcgrcp_bm bc j_q ràalga_q cvnjmp_rmpg_q2., Cvnjmpc bc dmpk_ asgb_bmq_
w kcrèbga_ _ a_b_ n_agclrc, N_p_ osc nscb_ pcamlmacp j_q jcqgmlcq a_pbä_a_q kÉq
gknmpr_lrcq lcacqgr_pÉ pcncrgp kglsagmq_kclrc j_ cvnjmp_agèl bc ksafmq n_agclrcq
q_lmq,
Mobpfèk ^oqbof^i v cob`rbk`f^ `^oaä^`^, As_lbm ckngcac j_ cvnjmp_agèl a_pbgm+
t_qasj_p* pcn_qc j_ npcqgèl _prcpg_j w j_ dpcasclag_ a_pbä_a_ pcegqrp_b_q bsp_lrc cj °Pcam+
lmagkgclrm eclcp_j w amlqr_lrcq tgr_jcq¢ _j amkgclxm bc j_ cvnjmp_agèl däqga_, Qg lcac+
qgr_ pcncrgp cqr_q kcbgagmlcq m qg lm j_q f_ cdcars_bm* rèkcqc cj rgcknm lcacq_pgm n_p_
pcegqrp_p j_ npcqgèl _prcpg_j w j_ dpcasclag_ a_pbä_a_ aml sl_ ràalga_ ènrgk_ &t, a_n, Ů*
cl cqncag_j nÉeq, /.4+//0'2/%23,
Cl pcqskcl* n_p_ kcbgp j_ npcqgèl _prcpg_j* cj n_agclrc bc`c bcqa_lq_p bsp_lrc nmp jm
kclmq 3 kgl cl sl jse_p rp_losgjm9 qc cqamecpÉ sl k_lesgrm bcj r_k_ém amppcarm w qc
amjma_pÉ cj `p_xm bcj n_agclrc _ j_ _jrsp_ bcj amp_xèl* `gcl _nmw_bm qm`pc sl_ kcq_ qg
cqrÉ qclr_bm m _ j_ _jrsp_ bcj aclrpm bcj rèp_v qg cqrÉ bc ngc, ?qceípcqc bc osc j_ aÉk_+
p_ bcj k_lesgrm cqrÉ aclrp_b_ qm`pc j_ _prcpg_ `p_osg_j, Gldjc cj k_lesgrm slmq 1. kk Fe
nmp clagk_ bc j_ npcqgèl* aml j_ osc bcq_n_pcxa_ cj nsjqm `p_osg_j m p_bg_j, As_lbm t_w_
bcqgldj_lbm cj k_lesgrm* cqasafc npgkcpm jmq psgbmq bc* _j kclmq* bmq j_rgbmq a_pbä_amq
amlqcasrgtmq* osc bclmr_l j_ npcqgèl qgqrèjga_* jscem cqrà _rclrm _j kmkclrm bc bcq_n_+
pgagèl bc jmq j_rgbmq a_pbä_amq* osc k_pa_ j_ npcqgèl bg_qrèjga_, N_p_ kcbgp j_ dpcasclag_
a_pbä_a_* pcegqrpc cj nsjqm p_bg_j aml j_q wck_q bc jmq bcbmq älbgac w kcbgm m cv_kglc cj
nsjqm a_pbä_am cl j_ nslr_ aml cj cqrcrmqamngm &t, nÉe, //7',
Abpqobw^p _Épf`^p m^o^ i^ bumilo^`fèk `^oaä^`^8 l_gbqfslp nrb ab_bk
aljfk^opb, As_lbm cqrsbgc cqrc a_närsjm w chcpagrc j_ cvnjmp_agèl a_pbä_a_* acpagè+
pcqc bc _ja_lx_p jmq m`hcrgtmq `Éqgamq osc qc clskcp_l qcesgb_kclrc,
- Bcqapg`gp j_ _l_rmkä_ bc j_ n_pcb rmpÉaga_ w pcamlmacp jmq npglagn_jcq dmamq _sq+
asjr_rmpgmq,
- Ct_js_p cj nsjqm tclmqm wsesj_p* j_ nsjq_agèl a_pmräbc_ w j_ npcqclag_ m _sqclag_
bc qmnjmq a_pmräbcmq,
- Pcamlmacp w bcqapg`gp amppcar_kclrc cj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_,
- Pcamlmacp amppcar_kclrc cj npgkcpm w cj qceslbm rmlmq &GR w 0R' cl j_ `_qc w
cl j_ nslr_ bcj amp_xèl,
- Pcamlmacp cj cdcarm bcj glrcpt_jm NP qm`pc j_ glrclqgb_b bc GR,
- Pcamlmacp cj bcqbm`j_kgclrm dgqgmjèegam w cj bcqbm`j_kgclrm n_p_bèhgam bcj
qceslbm rmlm,
- Pcamlmacp jmq npglagn_jcq psgbmq _lèk_jmq _j amkgclxm bc j_ bgÉqrmjc* amkm cj rcp+
acp rmlm &1R'* cj pmac ncpgaÉpbgam w cj af_qosgbm bc _ncprsp_ bc j_ cqrclmqgq
kgrp_j,
27. Lt;FA;9K <= =PHDGJ9;AìF =B=EHDGK <= 9FI999Dë9K
- Pcamlmacp cj as_prm rmlm a_pbä_am &2R' cl sl_ d_qc kÉq _t_lx_b_ bc j_ bgÉqrmjc,
- Ct_js_p j_ apmlmjmeä_ bc jmq qmnjmq w pcamlmacp amppcar_kclrc jmq qmnjmq qgqrèjg+
cmq w bg_qrèjgamq* _qä amkm jmq pmacq bc dpgaagèl,
- Ct_js_p c glrcpnpcr_p cj nsjqm n_p_bèhgam
- Pcamlmacp amppcar_kclrc jmq qgelmq däqgamq bc sl_ cvnjmp_agèl a_pbä_a_ lmpk_j*
amkm j_ dpcasclag_* cj pgrkm w j_q a_p_arcpäqrga_q bc jmq rmlmq a_pbä_amq,
- Pcamlmacp amppcar_kclrc jmq qmnjmq a_pbä_amq* cknjc_lbm j_q k_lgm`p_q lcac+
q_pg_q,
* MOBPF±K V MRIP>@FLKBP SBKLP>P
@ S VRDRI>OBP
8SGTKaO WGOPTC YVIVMCS !8>@"% J_ cqrgk_agèl bc j_ NTW cq sl_ bc j_q f_`gjgb_+
bcq kÉq gknmpr_lrcq w dpcasclrcq osc qc lcacqgr_l cl j_ cvnjmp_agèl däqga_, ?j npglag+
ngm* jc n_pcacpÉ bgdäagj ncpm* aml j_ npÉarga_ w j_ qsncptgqgèl* bcqas`pgpÉ osc j_ NTW b_
sl_ gldmpk_agèl t_jgmq_ qm`pc cj cqr_bm tmjskàrpgam w j_ dslagèl a_pbä_a_ bcj n_agcl+
rc, Amkm w_ f_`pÉ _npclbgbm* j_ NTW pcdjch_ j_ npcqgèl cl j_ _späasj_ bcpcaf_* m npc+
qgèl tclmq_ aclrp_j* w qc pcamlmac bc k_lcp_ ènrgk_ _ n_prgp bc j_q nsjq_agmlcq bc j_
tcl_ wsesj_p glrcpl_ bcpcaf_, Lm m`qr_lrc* pcascpbc osc j_q tcl_q wsesj_pcq w qsq nsj+
q_agmlcq qml bgdäagjcq bc tcp clrpc jmq lgémq kclmpcq bc /0 _émq* nmp jm osc lm pcqsjr_l
írgjcq n_p_ ct_js_p cj qgqrck_ a_pbgmt_qasj_p bc cqrc epsnm bc cb_b,
N_p_ d_agjgr_pjc cj _npclbgx_hc bc cqrc _n_pr_bm bc j_ cvnjmp_agèl a_pbä_a_* cl j_ nÉegl_
qgesgclrc qc cq`mx_l jmq n_qmq n_p_ cv_kgl_p j_ NTW, As_lbm amkgclac cj cqrsbgm* pcdjc+
vgmlc qm`pc cj cqr_bm tmjskàrpgam bcj n_agclrc wcj kmbm cl osc bc`_ kmbgdga_p j_ _jrs+
p_ bc j_ a_`cacp_ bc j_ a_k_ m bc j_ a_kgjj_,
ò Cj nslrm bc n_prgb_ f_`grs_j n_p_ cv_kgl_p j_ NTW cq sl_ cjct_agèl bc j_ a_`cacp_
bc j_ a_k_ f_qr_ 1.ï, Gbclrgdgosc j_ tcl_ wsesj_p cvrcpl_ bc a_b_ j_bm w jscem `sq+
osc j_q nsjq_agmlcq bc j_ tcl_ wsesj_p glrcpl_ rp_lqkgrgb_q bcqbc j_ npmdslbgb_b bcj
ascjjm f_qr_ jmq rchgbmq `j_lbmq qsnp_w_aclrcq, J_ NTW cq j_ cjct_agèl* _ j_ osc qscjc
tcpqc cj nslrm bc mqagj_agèl kÉvgk_* m kclgqam* bc j_q nsjq_agmlcq tclmq_q wsesj_+
pcq clrpc jmq n_agclrcq aml sl_ tmjckg_ lmpk_j,
ò Cl a_qm bc fgnmtmjckg_* bc`c q_`cp osc j_ NTW cqr_pÉ pcbsagb_* bc kmbm osc rclbpÉ
osc `_h_p j_ a_`cacp_ bc j_ a_k_* _ tcacq f_qr_ glajsqm .m* n_p_ tcp kchmp cj jse_p bc
mqagj_agèl,
ò Nmp p_xmlcq _lÉjme_q* clrpc jmq n_agclrcq aml qm`pca_pe_ bc tmjskcl m fgncptmjckg_*
j_ NTW_qaclbcpÉ* w sqrcb bc`cpÉ cjct_p j_ a_`cacp_ bc j_ a_k_,
H 9 K G K H 9 J 9 = N 9 DM 9 J D9 H J = K Aì F N = F G K 9 Q M ? M D 9 J
Ö CĆ Ç Â Ä ÆĂ Č ÉĂ Ā Ă Ã Ă Ă ÈÉÂĐ Ä Ħ Ĉ Ċ Ā Ċ Ķ Cjctc jge c p_k c l rc j_ a _ ` c x _ qm ` pc s l _ _ jk m f _ b _
Ç Â ĐÂ ĐĂĆÂǼÂĐ ĆĊÈ Ĉ Í ÈÄÊ ĆĊ È Ă ÈÉĂ ĐČ Ċ Ä ĆĂ ÆĀ Ċ Ĉ Â È ÉĊ ÆĀ Ă Ċ È Ķ
Ö Cjctc j_ a _ ` c a c p_ b c j_ a _ k _ m b c j_ a_k gjj_ f _ q r _ s l m q 1 . ï, E gpc j_ a _ ` c x _ b cj
n _ a gc l rc f _ a g_ cj j_ b m am l rp_pgm b cj o s c c qrà gl qn caagm l _l b m ,
&amlrglí_'
ÊČ ÇÂÄÆĂČÉĂ ÄĊČ ĄÆÇĊĚĊĆĂĈ ÆÂ ĄÂĔ ĎÊĂ
ÉÊĈ ÃÂĐĆĊ ĂČ ÊČ ÇĆÂČĊ ĄĊĐÆĖĊČÉÂĆ ÇÂĐÂ
ÇĊĀĂĐ ĚĂĐ ĆÂÈ ĚĂČÂÈ ĀĂĆ ÄÊĂĆĆĊĶ CČ ÄÂĈ ÃÆĊĮ
ÄÊÂČĀĊ ÂÊĈ ĂČÉÂ ĆÂ MSUĮ ÈĂ ČĂÄĂÈÆÉÂ ĂĆĂĚÂĐ
ĆÂ ÄÂÃĂÄĂĐÂ ĀĂ ĆÂ ÄÂĈ Â ĄÂÈÉÂ Ú Ş Ů Ċ ÆČÄĆÊÈĊ
ĄÂÈÉÂ Ü Ş ŮĶ CČ ĂÈÉÂÈ ÇĊÈÆÄÆĊČĂÈĮ ĂĆ ĘČǺÊĆĊ
ĂÈÉĂĐČÂĆ ÈÊĂĆĂ ĎÊĂĀÂĐ Ù ÄĈ ÇĊĐ ĂČÄÆĈ Â ĀĂ
ĆÂ ÂÊĐĢÄÊĆÂ ĀĂĐĂÄĄÂĮ ÄĊĈ Ċ ÈĂ ĂĒÇĊČĂ ĂČ ĂĆ
ĀÆÂǺĐÂĈ Â ĀĂ ĆÂ ÇĘǺÆČÂ Ț Ț Ù Ķ
28. Lt;FA;9K <= =PHDGJ9;AìF =B=EHDGK <= 9FGE9Dë9K
H 9 K G K H 9 J 9 = N 9 DM 9 J D9 H J = K Aì F N = F G K 9 Q M ? M D 9 J ëÖ % Ö 4
ò @lk rk^ firjfk^`fèk q^kdbk`f^i bu^jfkb ilp alp i^alp abi `rbiil, Fabkqfcfnrb i^
sbk^ vrdri^o buqbok^ ab `^a^ i^al v irbdl _rpnrb i^p mrip^`flkbp ab i^ sbk^
vrdri^o fkqbok^,
ò Bk `^pl ab kb`bpfa^a* ibs^kqb l _^gb i^ `^_b`bo^ ab i^ `^j^ e^pq^ nrb sb^ bi
mrkql ab lp`fi^`fèk l jbkfp`l ab i^p mrip^`flkbp ab i^ sbk^ vrdri^o fkqbok^ bk
i^ jfq^a fkcboflo abi `rbiil,
ò @àkqobpb bk i^ sbk^ vrdri^o fkqbok^ abob`e^, ?rpnrb i^p mrip^`flkbp bk i^
bp`lq^aro^ prmo^bpqbok^i* bkqob i^p fkpbo`flkbp abi jìp`ril
bpqbokl`ibfalj^pqlfabl bk bi bpqbokèk v bk i^ `i^sä`ri^* l grpql abqoÉp ab bpqb
jìp`ril, I^ q^_i^ pfdrfbkqb ib ^vra^oÉ ^ pbm^o^o i^p mrip^`flkbp ab i^ vrdri^o
fkqbok^ ab i^p ab i^ ^oqbof^ `^oèqfa^,
ò Fabkqfcfnrb bi mrkql jÉp bibs^al ab mrip^`fèk ab i^ sbk^ vrdri^o Fkqbok^
abob`e^,
ò Buqfbka^ elofwlkq^ijbkqb rk l_gbql ob`q^kdri^o i^odl l rk^ q^ogbq^ ^ m^oqfo ab bpqb
mrkql v `lilnrb sboqf`^ijbkqb rk^ obdi^ do^ar^a^ &`j' abpab bi Ékdril bpqbok^i*
ab j^kbo^ nrb qo^`bk rk Ékdril mbombkaf`ri^o bu^`ql bkqob bii^p, Jfa^ i^
afpq^k`f^ sboqf`^i bk `bkqäjbqolp pl_ob bi Ékdril bpqbok^i* bk bi mrkql ab
fkqbopb``fèk abi l_gbql elofwlkq^i `lk i^ obdi^, Bpq^ afpq^k`f^ pl_ob bi Ékdril
bpqbok^i l i^ ^roä`ri^ abob`e^* jbafa^ bk `bkqäjbqolp* bp i^ mobpfèk sbklp^ vrdri^o,
J_q a_p_arcpäqrga_q qgesgclrcq jc _wsb_l _ qcn_p_p j_q nsjq_agmlcq wsesj_pcq bc j_q a_pmrä+
bc_q/.8
Ó BĆĄǺÊǺĎĂĆÄĂĆÎĎ ǺĎËÊǺ ĊÄĚ ÈĒĊĚÄĂĆĐĎǺĚ ÅǺ ĊÄ ĔǺĎÄ ĘĒÆĒĊÄÊ
ĆĎËǺÊĎÄ Ę ÅǺ ĊÄ ĂÄÊÎËĆÅÄ
Mrip^`flkbp vrdri^obp fkqbok^p
P_p_ tcx n_jn_`jcq
Qs_tcq* pÉngb_q* bc a_jgb_b mlbsj_lrc*
eclcp_jkclrc aml bmq cjct_agmlcq w bmq
t_jjcq nmp a_b_ j_rgbm a_pbä_am
J_q nsjq_agmlcq bcq_n_pcacl npcqgml_lbm
qs_tckclrc qm`pc j_-q tcl_-q* hsqrm
clagk_ bcj cvrpckm cqrcpl_j bc j_
aj_täasj_
Cj lgtcj bc j_q nsjq_agmlcq a_k`g_ aml j_
nmqrsp_* bcqaclbgclbm _ kcbgb_ osc cj
n_agclrc qc t_ gpesgclbm
Cj lgtcj bc j_q nsjq_agmlcq qscjc bcqaclbcp
aml j_ glqngp_agèl
Mrip^`flkbp `^olqäab^p
N_jn_`jc
Gknsjqm kÉq tgempmqm aml sl jfcf
amknmlclrc cvrckm
J_q nsjq_agmlcq lm qc cjgkgl_l aml cqrc
rgnm bc npcqgèl
Cj lgtcj bc j_q nsjq_agmlcq lm a_k`g_ aml
j_ nmqrsp_
Cj lgtcj bc j_q nsjq_agmlcq lm qc kmbgdga_
aml j_ glqngp_agèl
Cq bgdäagj cqr_`jcacp sl_q jälc_q tcpb_bcp_kclrc tcprga_jcq w fmpgxmlr_jcq n_p_ kcbgp j_
NTW9 qc n_pcac ksafm _j npm`jck_ bc amje_p sl as_bpm pcarm* as_lbm qc cqrÉ ksw acpa_,
Amjmosc j_ pcej_ qm`pc cj Élesjm cqrcpl_j w _jglàcj_ aml _jeíl m`hcrm bc j_ f_`gr_agèl
osc qcn_ sqrcb osc cq tcprga_j, Jscem* amjmosc sl_ r_phcr_ s m`hcrm pcar_lesj_p bc dmpk_
cv_ar_kclrc ncpnclbgasj_p _ j_ pcej_, Cqr_ cq j_ jälc_ fmpgxmlr_j, Ksàt_j_ f_ag_ _`_hm
m f_ag_ _ppg`_§qgl bcqtg_pj_ bcj nj_lm fmpgxmlr_j§ bc dmpk_ osc cj `mpbc gldcpgmp bcq+
Ah ej_naiajpk `a h] lnaoeâj d]_a lajo]n aj
qj] `ejl]`Z`eZ`X ZXi[yXZX Zfe^jk`mX [iZ_X
f) aj iajko _]oko) qj] gi`ZXi[`k`j Zfejki`Zk`ó
mX) qj] jkefj`j ki`Zljgy[X k qj] fYjkilZó
Z`|e [ cX meX ZXmX jlgi`fi13$2.+
29. Lt;FA;9K <= =PHDGJ9;AìF =B=EHDGK <= 9FI999Dë9K
a_lqc qm`pc j_ n_prc qsncpgmp bc j_q nsjq_agmlcq wsesj_pcq w jc_ j_ bgqr_lag_ tcprga_j cl
j_ pcej_, Pcbmlbcc j_ kcbgb_ f_qr_ cj aclräkcrpm kÉq npèvgkm,
J_ npcqgèl tclmq_* qg kgbc kÉq bc 1 ak m nmqg`jckclrc 2 ak qm`pc cj Élesjm cqrcpl_j*
m kÉq bc 6 m 7 ak cl rmr_j* qm`pc j_ _späasj_ bcpcaf_* qc amlqgbcp_ cjct_b_ nmp clagk_
bc jm lmpk_j,
Qg lm jmep_ tcp j_q nsjq_agmlcq bc j_ tcl_ wsesj_p glrcpl_* `sqosc j_q bc j_ tcl_ wses+
j_p cvrcpl_, Qg lm tc lglesl_ nsjq_agèl* qäpt_qc bcj nslrm nmp clagk_ bcj as_j n_pcacl
amj_nq_pqc j_q tcl_q wsesj_pcq cvrcpl_q, Cdcaríc cqr_ m`qcpt_agèl _ a_b_ j_bm bcj ascjjm,
Kgb_ j_ bgqr_lag_ tcprga_j clrpc cqrc nslrm w cj Élesjm cqrcpl_j,
Cj nslrm kÉq _jrm bc j_q nsjq_agmlcq tclmq_q nscbc oscb_p nmp bc`_hm bcj lgtcj bcj
Élesjm cqrcpl_j, Cl cqrmq a_qmq* j_ npcqgèl tclmq_ lm cqrÉ cjct_b_ w p_p_ tcx qc lcacqgr_
kcbgpj_,
8VMTCEKPOGT WGOPTCT YVIVMCSGT% M`qcptc j_ _knjgrsb w j_ apmlmjmeä_ bc j_q nsjq_bm+
lcq tclmq_q wsesj_pcq, N_p_ apmlmkcrp_p cqr_q nsjq_agmlcq* n_jnc j_ _prcpg_ a_pèrgb_
gxosgcpb_ aml cj nsje_p bcpcafm m _sqasjrc qgksjrÉlc_kclrc cj amp_xèl, J_ mlb_ _ npc+
acbc glkcbg_r_kclrc cj npgkcp rmlm w cj nsjqm a_pmrgbcm* j_ mlb_ v bcqaclbclrc qc tc
amkm sl amj_nqm qgqrêjgam9 j_ mlb_ t npÉarga_kclrc amglagbc aml cj qceslbm rmlm* w j_
mlb_ w bcqaclbclrc amkgclx_ _j npglagngm bc j_ bgÑqrmjc, @sqosc j_q mlb_q _sqclrcq m
ksw jj_k_rgt_q,
Bkqob ilp m^`fbkqbp `lk rk^ bkcbojba^a mrijl∑
k^o l_pqor`qfs^* i^ mobpfèk sbklp^ mrbab m^ob∑
`bo nrb pb bibs^ pèil aro^kqb i^ bpmfo^`fèk9 i^p
sbk^p pb`li^mp^k bk i^ fkpmfo^`fèk, Bpqb pfdkl
kl fkaf`^ rk^ fkprcf`fbk`f^ `^oaä^`^ `lkdbpqfs^,
I^ bibs^`fèk ab i^ MSV mlpbb rk^ bpmb`fcf`f∑
a^a abi 76# m^o^ pbé^i^o rk fk`objbkql bk
i^ mobpfèk qbibaf^pqèif`^ abi sbkqoä`ril fwnrfbo∑
al v rk^ obar`fa^ co^``fèk ab bvb``fèk abi
sbkqoä`ril fwnrfboal* b fk`objbkq^ bi ofbpdl
ab jrboqb mlo fkprcf`fbk`f^ `^oaä^`^30+31,
Bi ^`la^jfbkql l i^ l_pqor``fèk il`^i bp i^
`^rp^ e^_fqr^i ab i^ afpqbkpfèk rkfi^qbo^i ab
i^ sbk^ vrdri^o buqbok^,
Lka^p ^ moljfkbkqbp bk ilp `^plp ab j^vlo
obpfpqbk`f^ ^ i^ `lkqo^``fèk ab i^ ^roä`ri^
abob`e^* mlo bgbjmil* bk i^ bpqbklpfp qof`rpmä+
ab^9 q^j_fàk bk bi _ilnrbl ^rof`rilsbkqof`r+
i^o ab mofjbo do^al* i^ q^nrf`^oaf^ prmo^sbk∑
qof`ri^o* ilp ofqjlp ab i^ rkfèk* i^ efmboqbkpfèk
mrijlk^ov i^ bpqbklpfpmrijlk^o,
Lka^p ^ ^rpbkqbp bk i^ cf_ofi^`fèk ^rof`ri^o,
Lka^p s do^kabp bk i^ fkprcf`fbk`f^ qof`rpmä+
ab^* i^ mbof`^oafqfp `lkpqof`qfs^,
30. Lt;FA;9K <= =PHDGJ9;AìF =B=EHDGK <= 9FGE9Dë9K
Mrip^`flkbp sbklp^p vrdri^obp
/Q 0Q /Q
Päpqlib AfÑpqlib
0Q
?qnr]o `a h] lnaoeâj rajko] uqcqh]n
Ă Ẅ ǺÈ Đ ĒĚĂ ǺǺČĬ Đ ĂĔĚČǺĔÇĂĚ
Ǻ Ẅ ĒĚĂĐ ËĎ ČËČĬ Đ ǺĂĚÈ ĒČĄ ÆĂĿ ĐÈ Ė ČËČÅ ÇÆ ÆĐ ǺÇĨĐ ČǺĂ
m Ẅ È Đ Ą Ă Ą Æ ËǺÆ Đ Ą Æ Đ ĒÆ ĄÆ ÇĂ Ă Ĕ ĚĨǺĔ ÇĂ Ą Æ ĚÆ ǺĈ Ă Ê ĔÆ ËČĆ Ĕ Æ Ă Ă
Ĝ Ẅ ÇÇÆĐĂĄÈ É ĂËČĖÈ Ą Æ ÇĂ ĂĔ ĚĨǺĔ ÇĂ Ą Æ ËĄ Æ ÇĂ Ë Ė Æ Đ Ă Ë Ǻ Ă Ė Ă Ë
Ğ Ẅ È Đ Ą Ă Ą Æ ËǺÆ Đ Ą Æ Đ ĒÆ ĄĔĚĂĐĒÆ ÇĂ ǼĂ ËÆ Ą Æ ĚÆÉ ÈËÈ Ă ĔĚČǺĔÇĂĚ ĂĐ ĒÆË Ą Æ ÇĂ ǺÈ Đ ĒĚĂǺǺČĬ Đ
Qc pcosgcpc sl_ npÉarga_ w cvncpgclag_ amlqgbcp_`jcq n_p_ bmkgl_p j_ ct_js_agèl bc j_q
nsjq_agmlcq tclmq_q wsesj_pcq, Qc pcamkgclb_ _ jmq lmtcjcq osc qc amlaclrpcl dslb_+
kclr_jkclrc cl j_ NTW,
6`BI MRIPL @>OLQ≠ABL
Bcqnsàq bc kcbgp j_ NTW* amlrglíc ct_js_lbm cj nsjqm a_pmräbcm, Cj nsjqm a_pmräbcm mdpc+
ac sl_ gldmpk_agèl t_jgmq_ qm`pc j_ dslagèl a_pbä_a_ w pcqsjr_ n_prgasj_pkclrc írgj n_p_
bcrcar_p j_ cqrclmqgq m j_ glqsdgagclag_ bc j_ tÉjtsj_ _èprga_, Rèkcqc rgcknm n_p_ cv_+
kgl_p j_ a_jgb_b bcj nsjqm a_pmräbcm* qs _knjgrsb w amlrmplm* w j_ npcqclag_ m _sqclag_
bc as_josgcp dpàkgrm m qmnjm,
N_p_ ct_js_p j_ _knjgrsb w cj amlrmplm* cj n_agclrc bc`c rsk`_pqc aml j_ a_`cacp_ bc j_
a_k_ cjct_b_ f_qr_ slmq 1.ï, As_lbm n_jnc j_ _prcpg_ a_pmräbc_* glqncaagmlc _lrcq j_q
nsjq_agmlcq a_pmräbc_q cl cj ascjjm, Nscbcl tcpqc hsqrm kcbg_jcq _ jmq kíqasjmq cqrckm+
ajcgbmk_qrmgbcmq, Amjmosc bcqnsàq jmq bcbmq älbgac w kcbgm gxosgcpbmq &m cj nsje_p
gxosgcpbm' qm`pc j_ _prcpg_ a_pèrgb_ bcpcaf_* cl cj rcpagm gldcpgmp bcj ascjjm* npcqgmlc
f_ag_ _rpÉq w n_jnc j_q nsjq_agmlcq,
Pl_ob ofqjlp foobdri^obp* sà^pb i^ q^_i^ 7+/*
†>idrk^p cob`rbk`f^p v ofqjlp `^oaä^`lp°
&mÉd, 153'* v i^ q^_i^ 7+0* †>idrklp ofqjlp
foobdri^obp° &mÉd, 154',
Rk^ ^oqbof^ `^oèqfa^ qloqrlp^ v ^`la^a^
mrbab molar`fo rk^ moljfkbk`f^ mripÉqfi
rkfi^qbo^i,
I^p `^rp^p ab afpjfkr`fèk ab i^p mrip^`fl∑
kbp `ljmobkabk i^ afpjfkr`fèk abi slir∑
jbk pfpqêif`l v c^`qlobp il`^ibp ^oqbof^ibp
`ljl bpqob`e^jfbkql r l_pqor``fèk ^qbolp+
`iboèqf`^,
31. Lt;FA;9K <= =PHDGJ9;AìF =B=EHDGK <= 9FI999Dë9K
Npcqgmlc hsqrm nmp bclrpm bcj `mpbc kcbg_j bcj kíqasjm cqrckmajcgbmk_qrmgbcm `gcl
pcj_h_bm* _npmvgk_b_kclrc _ j_ _jrsp_ bcj a_präj_em apgamgbcq, Ctgrc npcqgml_p cj qclm
a_pmräbcm* osc qc clasclrp_ _ lgtcj bc j_ n_prc qsncpgmp bcj a_präj_em rgpmgbcq, N_p_ n_j+
n_p j_ _prcpg_ a_pèrgb_ gxosgcpb_ srgjgac jmq bcbmq m cj nsje_p bc j_ k_lm bcpcaf_, H_kÉq
npcqgmlc j_q bmq a_pèrgb_q _j kgqkm rgcknm* nmposc nmbpä_ pcbsagp cj djshm q_lesälcm
f_ag_ cj acpc`pm c glbsagp sl qälamnc,
?skclrc jclr_kclrc j_ npcqgèl f_qr_ osc lmrc j_ nsjq_agèl kÉvgk_ w jscem pcbsxa_ j_
npcqgèl f_qr_ osc n_jnc `gcl j_ npcqgèl w cj amlrmplm _prcpg_jcq, Rp_rc bc ct_js_p8
ò J_ _knjgrsb bcj nsjqm, Qc amppcj_agml_ `_qr_lrc `gcl aml j_ npcqgèl bcj nsjqm,
ò Cj amlrmkm bc j_ mlb_ bcj nsjqm* cl amlapcrm j_ tcjmagb_b bc _qaclqm bcj nsjqm* j_
bsp_agèl bc j_ agk_ w j_ tcjmagb_b bc bcqaclqm bcj kgqkm, J_ tcjmagb_b lmpk_j bc
_qaclqm cq pÉngb_ w qgesc sl aspqm qs_tc* a_qg glkcbg_r_kclrc bcqnsàq bcj npgkcp
rmlm, J_ agk_ cq jgq_* pcbmlb_ w _npmvgk_b_kclrc kcqmqgqrèjga_, Cj bcqaclqm cq
kclmq `psqam osc cj _qaclqm,
ò As_josgcp t_pg_agèl bc _knjgrsb* `gcl bc sl j_rgbm _ mrpm m aml j_ pcqngp_agèl,
ò J_ apmlmjmeä_ bc j_ nsjq_agèl a_pmrgbc_ cl pcj_agèl aml cj npgkcp w cj qceslbm rmlmq,
Pcascpbc osc j_ nsjq_agèl a_pmrgbc_ lmpk_j qgesc _j npgkcp rmlm wnpcacbc _j qcesl+
bm, Cqr_ pcj_agèl _wsb_ ksafm _ pcamlmacp _bcas_b_kclrc cj npgkcp w cj qceslbm
rmlm* qm`pc rmbm as_lbm qc _acjcp_ j_ dpcasclag_ a_pbä_a_ w j_ bsp_agèl bc j_ bgÑqrm+
jc* lmpk_jkclrc kÉq `pctc osc j_ qäqrmjc* qc _ampr_ w _npmvgk_ _ j_ bsp_agèl bc j_
qäqrmjc,
1S^NKUPT Y TPQMPT% ?j n_jn_p j_ _prcpg_ a_pèrgb_* nmbpÉ bcrcar_p tg`p_agmlcq n_pcag+
b_q _ sl xsk`gbm m dpàkgrm osc n_pcac cj pmlpmlcm bc jmq e_rmq, Bc dmpk_ qgqrckÉrga_*
ncpm qm`pc rmbm cl npcqclag_ bc dpàkgrm* _sqasjrc j_q bmq _prcpg_q a_pèrgb_q aml cj bg_+
dp_ek_ bcj cqrcrmqamngm cl `sqa_ bc sl qmnjm* sl psgbm bc mpgecl t_qasj_p* kÉq osc a_p+
bä_am,
Bc`c r_k`gàl _sqasjr_p qg cvgqrcl qmnjmq a_pbä_amq as_lbm cj n_agclrc rgclc sl_ cb_b
kcbg_l_ m _t_lx_b_ m as_lbm qmqncafc sl_ cldcpkcb_b acpc`pmt_qasj_p, Ngb_ _j
n_agclrc osc bchc bc pcqngp_p nmp sl kmkclrm* n_p_ osc jmq psgbmq pcqngp_rmpgmq lm
clk_qa_pcl cj psgbm t_qasj_p* w jscem _sqasjrc aml j_ a_kn_l_, Jmq rmlmq a_pbä_amq lm
amlqrgrswcl lgleíl qmnjm,
Cj pcqrm bc j_ cvnjmp_agèl bc jmq nsjqmq _prcpg_jcq qc bcqapg`c cl cj a_närsjm /0* °Cj qgq+
rck_ t_qasj_p ncpgdàpgam¢,
I^ `ljmobpfèk abi pbkl `^olqäabl mrbab
`^rp^o rk abp`bkpl obcibgl ab i^ cob`rbk`f^
`^oaä^`^ l ab i^ mobpfèk ^oqbof^i,
Sà^pb i^ q^_i^ 7+1* †>klj^iä^p ab i^p
lka^p abi mripl v ab i^ mobpfèk ^oqbof^ibp°
&mÉd, 155',
Mripl mbnrbél* cfifclojb l aà_fi bk bi j_fZb
ZXi[`f^xe`Zf8 glcjf jXck|e e cX `ejl]`Z`eZ`X
X|ik`ZX &s, mÉd, 155',
>p`bkpl [dfiX[f abi mripl `^olqäabl bk i^
bpqbklpfp ^èoqf`^,
Jlcjf XckieXek %p+ mÉd, 155'* mripl
_fdàjfkl &s^of^`fèk ab i^qfal ^ i^qf∑
al'9 mripl m^o^aègf`l &s^of^`fèk obpmfo^ql∑
of^p',
Ob`rboab nrb rk plmil bk i^ sÉisri^ ^èoqf`^
mrbab foo^af^opb ^i `rbiil v ^m^obkq^o rk
plmil `^olqäabl,
I^ mobs^ibk`f^ ab ilp plmilp `^olqäablp
^pfkqljÉqf`lp ^rjbkq^ `lk bi bksbgb`f∑
jfbkql* ^i`^kw^kal bi Ẃ# bkqob i^p mbo∑
plk^p ab 53 ^élp l jÉp* v bi ofbpdl ab
`^oaflm^qä^ fpnràjf`^ b f`qrp pb qofmif`^,
I^ mobpbk`f^ ab rk plmil `^olqäabl kl
mobaf`b bi do^al ab bpqbklpfp pr_v^`bk∑
qb* nrb obnrfbob rk^ j^vlo
fksbpqfd^`fèk32,
32. Lt;FA;9K <= =PHDGJ9;AìF =B=EHDGK <= 9FGE9Dë9K
5C CSUGS_C DSCRVKCM% J_q _prcpg_q a_pèrg+
b_q pcdjch_l aml kÉq cv_argrsb j_q nsjq_agm+
lcq _èprga_q ncpm a_pcacl bc srgjgb_b clrpc
jmq n_agclrcq aml m`qrpsaagèl* _amb_kgclrm
m dpàkgrmq a_pmräbcmq, Cl r_j a_qm* cv_kglc
cj nsjqm cl j_ _prcpg_ `p_osg_j* _njga_lbm j_q
ràalga_q bcqapgr_q _lrcpgmpkclrc n_p_ ct_+
js_p j_ _knjgrsb w cj amlrmplm,
Amjmosc jmq bcbmq älbgac w kcbgm m cj nsj+
e_p bc j_ k_lm amlrp_pg_, ?amkmbc j_
k_lm nmp bc`_hm bcj ambm bcj n_agclrc w
n_jnc cj nsjqm* hsqrm nmp bclrpm bcj rclbèl
`gagngr_j, Cj `p_xm bcj n_agclrc bc`c ncpk_lcacp aml cj ambm cqrgp_bm* w j_ n_jk_ bc j_
k_lm f_ag_ _ppg`_, Aml j_ k_lm jg`pc osgxÉ rcle_ osc djcvgml_p cj ambm* cl sl ep_bm
t_pg_`jc* n_p_ jmep_p j_ pcj_h_agèl ksqasj_p ènrgk_,
BI @LO>W±K
Bsp_lrc a_qg rmb_ j_ cvnjmp_agèl a_pbä_a_* cj n_agclrc ncpk_lcacpÉ cl bcaí`grm qsnglm*
aml j_ n_prc qsncpgmp bcj rpmlam cjct_b_ slmq 1.ï &a_`cacp_ bc j_ a_k_ m a_kgjj_', ?bc+
kÉq* qc npcagq_l mrp_q bmq nmqgagmlcq8 /' egpm f_ag_ cj j_bm gxosgcpbm* w 0' glajgl_agèl f_ag_
bcj_lrc, Cl cqr_q nmqgagmlcq* j_ nslr_ bcj tclrpäasjm w cj rp_arm bc q_jgb_ bcj tclrpäasjm
gxosgcpbm qc _acpa_l kÉq _ j_ n_pcb rmpÉaga_ wkchmp_ j_ bcrcaagèl bcj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_
w bc j_ glqsdgagclag_ _èprga_, Cj cv_kgl_bmp bc`c amjma_pqc _ j_ bcpcaf_ bcj n_agclrc,
J_ r_`j_ qgesgclrc pcqskc j_q nmqgagmlcq bcj n_agclrc w sl_ qcasclag_ bc cvnjmp_agèl
npmnscqr_,
Ó QǺĂĒǺĎĂĆÄ ÈÄÊÄ ĊÄ ǺĖÈĊĐÊÄĂĆÎĎ ĂÄÊÅĤÄĂÄ
Mlpf`fèk abi m^`fbkqb
Bcaí`grm qsnglm* aml j_ a_`cacp_
cjct_b_ _ 1.ï
Bcaí`grm j_rcp_j gxosgcpbm
Bcaí`grm qsnglm* aml j_ a_`cacp_
cjct_b_ _ 1.ï
Qclr_bm* glajgl_bm f_ag_ bcj_lrc* bcqnsàq
bc sl_ cqngp_agèl amknjcr_
Bumilo^`fèk
Glqncaagml_p w n_jn_p cj npcampbgm8 0,ï
cqn_agm glrcpamqr_j bcpcafm c gxosgcpbm9
tclrpäasjm bcpcafm9 tclrpäasjm gxosgcpbm*
glajsgbm cj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_ &bgÉkcrpm*
jma_jgx_agèl* _knjgrsb* bsp_agèl'
N_jn_p cj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_ qg lm qc f_
bcrcar_bm npctg_kclrc, ?sqasjr_p j_
nslr_ aml j_ a_kn_l_ bcj cqrcrmqamngm
?sqasjr_p aml cj bg_dp_ek_ cj 0,ï cqn_agm
glrcpamqr_j bcpcafm c gxosgcpbm* _ jm j_pem
bcj `mpbc cqrcpl_j* w f_qr_ j_ nslr_
?sqasjr_p aml j_ a_kn_l_ cj `mpbc cqrcpl_j
bcpcafm cl `sqa_ bc qmnjmq w psgbmq
rpgasqnäbcmq
?sqasjr_p _ jm j_pem bcj `mpbc cqrcpl_j
gxosgcpbm w cl j_ nslr_ cknjc_lbm cj
bg_dp_ek_ bcj cqrcrmqamngm
I]jebaop]_ekjao ]_ajpq]`]o
Nqe`ko ]`e_ekj]hao `a pkj]he`]` ^]f]) _kik
qj pan_an pkjk) 0P) qj _d]omqe`k `a ]lan´
pqn]) k ah ]nn]opna lnaoeopâhe_k `a h] jkefj`j
d`kiX +
Oklhk `e]opâhe_k `a_na_eajpa u oq]ra `a h]
`ejl]`Z`eZ`X X|ik`ZX+
33. Q~@KF@>P AB BUMILO>@F±K BGBJMILP AB >KLJ>I≠>P
Bsp_lrc j_ cvnjmp_agèl a_pbä_a_* pcascpbc osc bc`c amppcj_agml_p jmq qgelmq aml j_ NTW
w cj nsjqm a_pmrgbcm, Cq ksw gknmpr_lrc pcamlmacp j_ jma_jgx_agèl _l_rèkga_ bc jmq qge+
lmq w qs apmlmjmeä_ cl cj agajm a_pbä_am,
ò ?lmrc j_ jma_jgx_agèl _l_rèkga_ bc jmq rmlmq* bc _ascpbm aml jmq cqn_agmq glrcpamqr_+
jcq w qs bgqr_lag_ aml j_q jälc_q kcbgmcqrck_j* kcbgmaj_tgasj_p m _vgj_p, J_ jälc_
cqrcpl_j kcbg_ mdpcac cj nslrm kÉq dg_`jc bc n_prgb_ &acpm' n_p_ j_ kcbgagèl* ncpm
_jeslmq amlqgbcp_l osc j_ jälc_ aj_tgasj_p kcbg_ _amkmb_ kchmp jmq bgdcpclrcq
r_k_émq w amlqrgrsagmlcq bc jmq n_agclrcq,
ò Gbclrgdgosc cj kmkclrm bc _n_pgagèl bc jmq gknsjqmq m bc jmq rmlmq cl pcj_agèl aml cj
agajm a_pbä_am, ? kclsbm* cj kmkclrm bc _n_pgagèl bc jmq rmlmq qèjm qc nscbc pcam+
lmacp kcbg_lrc j_ _sqasjr_agèl, Cq dÉagj pcamlmacp jmq rmlmq a_pbä_amq ckn_pch_bmq
bc j_ k_wmpä_ bc j_q ncpqml_q aml sl_ dpcasclag_ a_pbä_a_ lmpk_j m jclr_ _njga_lbm
cj cqrcrmqamngm, Cj npgkcp rmlm &GR ' cq cj npgkcpm bc cqrmq psgbmq* cj qceslbm rmlm
&0R' jc qgesc w a_b_ n_pch_ bc rmlmq cqrÉ qcn_p_b_ bc j_ qgesgclrc nmp sl glrcpt_jm
bg_qrèjgam pcj_rgt_kclrc j_pem,
F i F F.P /P .P /P
OÑopkha @eÄopkha OÑopkha
J_ glrclqgb_b pcj_rgt_ bc jmq rmlmq r_k`gàl nscbc _wsb_p, Cj npgkcp rmlm qc cqasaf_ kÉq
_jrm osc cj qceslbm cl j_ nslr_9 cj qceslbm rmlm qc qscjc cqasaf_p kÉq _jrm osc cj npgkcpm cl
j_ `_qc,
F_qr_ jmq ajälgamq kÉq cvncprmq bsb_l* _ tcacq* qm`pc cj kmkclrm bc _n_pgagèl bc jmq
rmlmq a_pbä_amq* cl n_prgasj_p jmq rmlmq _bgagml_jcq w jmq qmnjmq, Cl cqrmq a_qmq* nscbc
_wsb_p sl_ _npmvgk_agèl n_sj_rgl_, Tscjt_ _ sl jse_p bcj rèp_v §a_qg qgcknpc* _ j_
`_qc§ bmlbc pcqsjrc dÉagj pcamlmacp cj npgkcp w cj qceslbm rmlmq &GR w 0R', ?npàlb_+
qc `gcl cqrc pgrkm w jscem t_w_ bcqnj_x_lbm jclr_kclrc cj cqrcrmqamngm nmp cj rèp_v
f_qr_ osc _sqasjrc cj lsctm rmlm,
Lm m`qr_lrc* j_ _sqasjr_agèl qmj_ nscbc pcqsjr_p amldsq_, ? tcacq* j_q glrclqgb_bcq bcj
npgkcp w cj qceslbm rmlmq qml _lèk_j_q, Cq kÉq* aml sl_ dpcasclag_ a_pbä_a_ pÉngb_ qc
_ampr_ j_ bg_qrmjc w qg cj nsjqm jjce_ _ ÜŪŨ j_rgbmq nmp kglsrm* j_q bsp_agmlcq bc j_ qäqrm+
jc w bc j_ bgÑqrmjc lm bgdgcpcl clrpc qä, N_jnc cj nsjqm a_pmrgbcm m cj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_ n_p_
q_`cp qg cj rmlm m cj qmnjm qml qgqrèjgamq m bg_qrèjgamq, R_lrm cj nsjqm a_pmrgbcm amkm cj j_rg+
bm bc j_ nslr_ qc npmbsacl cl j_ qäqrmjc* hsqrm bcqnsàq bcj npgkcp rmlm* nmp jm osc jmq
rmlmq m qmnjmq amglagbclrcq qcpÉl qgqrèjgamq w jmq osc maspp_l bcqnsàq bc j_ nsjq_agèl bc
j_ a_pèrgb_ m bc j_ nslr_* bg_qrèjgamq,
GĎĚÈǺĂĂĆÎĎ Ę ÈÄĊÈÄĂĆÎĎ
Eclcp_jgb_bcq, J_ glqncaagèl asgb_bmq_ bc j_ a_p_ _lrcpgmp bcj rèp_v nscbc kmq+
rp_p j_ jma_jgx_agèl bc j_ nsjq_agèl _nga_j m jse_p bc kÉvgkm gkns`m m* kclmq tcacq* jmq
Ah lneian pkjk %EP& `eoiejqua) lkn afai´
lhk) aj ah Ycfhlf ZXi[yXZf [ gi`di ^iX[f)
u ah oacqj`k pkjk %/P&) aj h] jkefj`j X|ió
k`ZX+
34. Lt;FA;9K <= =PHDGJ9;AìF =B=EHDGK <= 9FGE9Dë9K
kmtgkgclrmq tclrpgasj_pcq bc sl rcpacp m sl as_prm rmlmq bcj j_bm gxosgcpbm, N_p_ cdca+
rs_p cqr_q m`qcpt_agmlcq jm kchmp cq sl_ gjskgl_agèl r_leclag_j, Qäpt_qc bc j_ n_jn_agèl
n_p_ amldgpk_p j_q a_p_arcpäqrga_q bcj gknsjqm _nga_j,
J_ n_jn_agèl r_k`gàl _wsb_ _ pcamlmacp jmq dpàkgrmq* cj kmkclrm bc _n_pgagèl bcj npg+
kcp w cj qceslbm rmlmq* w jmq kmtgkgclrmq tclrpgasj_pcq bc sl rcpacp m as_prm rmlmq a_p+
bä_amq,
ò Amkgclac aml j_ n_jn_agèl eclcp_j bc j_ n_pcb rmpÉaga_, N_jnc npgkcpm jmq jct_lr_+
kgclrmq m dpàkgrmq npcampbg_jcq aml j_q wck_q bc jmq bcbmq, Amjèoscj_q bc dmpk_ nj_l_
s m`jgas_ qm`pc j_ qsncpdgagc ampnmp_j, Jmq gknsjqmq tclrpgasj_pcq nscbcl jct_lr_p jmq
bcbmq,
ò Amknpsc`c jmq dpàkgrmq* apc_bmq nmp j_ rsp`sjclag_ bc jmq qmnjmq qs`w_aclrcq*
npcqgml_lbm cj rèp_v aml j_ _jkmf_bgjj_ kcr_a_png_l_ bc j_ n_jk_, Qg cl j_ _sqasj+
r_agèl nmqrcpgmp mwc sl qmnjm _jrm pcepcqc _ cq_ xml_ w tcpgdgosc bc lsctm jmq dpà+
kgrmq,
ò Npcqgmlc _fmp_ aml dgpkcx_ cl `sqa_ bcj npgkcp w cj qceslbm rmlmq w _jgtgc j_ npc+
qgèl n_p_ pcamlmacp cj rcpacpm m cj as_prm, N_p_ n_jn_p cj npgkcp w cj qceslbm
rmlmq* amjmosc j_ k_lm bcpcaf_ qm`pc j_ n_pcb rmpÉaga_ w jmq bcbmq älbgac w kcbgm
gxosgcpbmq cl j_ _prcpg_ a_pèrgb_ bcpcaf_* qgrs_b_ cl cj rcpagm gldcpgmp bcj ascjjm, Cj
npgkcp rmlm jm pcamlmacpÉ hsqrm _lrcq bc j_ nsjq_agèl a_pmräbc_, Jscem* bcqnsàq bc
j_ nsjq_agèl* gbclrgdga_pÉ cj qceslbm, Nscbc npcagq_p agcprm rgcknm n_p_ _npclbcp+
jm, ?j npglagngm* jc n_pcacpÉ osc j_ nsjq_agèl cq ksw pÉngb_, Qg pc_jgx_ cqr_ amk+
npm`_agèl a_b_ tcx osc cvnjmpc _ sl n_agclrc* bcqas`pgpÉ osc nscbc pcamlmacp
ncpdcar_kclrc cj npgkcp w cj qceslbm rmlmq* r_lrm kcbg_lrc n_jn_agèl amkm _ rp_+
tàq bc j_ _sqasjr_agèl,
Ilp coàjfqlp mrbabk ^`ljm^é^o ^ ilp
plmilp ^iqlp* Épmbolp l ^ ilp ^oo^pqobp* `ljl
pr`bab bk i^ bpqbklpfp ^èoqf`^* i^ mbopfpqbk∑
`f^ abi `lkar`ql ^oqbof^i* i^ `ljrkf`^`fèk
fkqbosbkqof`ri^ow* bk jbklp l`^pflkbp* i^
bpqbklpfp jfqo^i, Pb m^im^k jÉp cÉ`fijbkqb pf
bi m^`fbkqb ^almq^ rk^ mlpqro^ nrb ^`bk∑
qìb bi plmil,
O^o^ sbw* bi m^`fbkqb jrbpqo^ abuqol`^o∑
af^* bp ab`fo* bi `lo^wèk bpqÉ pfqr^al ^ i^
abob`e^, Bi i^qfal ab i^ mrkq^ pb m^im^oÉ ^
i^ abob`e^, Pf kl mrbab bk`lkqo^o bi i^qf∑
al ab i^ mrkq^* mbo`rq^ i^ j^qfabw abi
`lo^wèk w abi eäd^al w bi qfjm^kfpjl abi
bpqèj^dl, Bk bi pfqrp fksboprp* bpq^p qobp
bpqor`qro^p pb bk`rbkqo^k bk bi i^al
lmrbpql ^i kloj^i, Rk `lo^wèk pfqr^al ^
i^ abob`e^* `lk rk eäd^al w rk bpqèj^dl
bk mlpf`fèk kloj^i* prbib ^pl`f^opb ^ rk^
`^oaflm^qf^ `lkdâkfq^,
0ï bpm^`fl
fkqbo`lpq^i abob`el8
Épc_ _èprga_
0ï bpm^`fl
fkqbo`lpq^i fwnrfboal8
Éob^ mrijlk^o
´ob^
sbkqof`ri^o
abob`e^8
_loab bpqbok^i
fwnrfboal
´ob^
sbkqof`ri^o
fwnrfboa^8
mrkq^
35. Lt;FA;9K <= =PHDGJ9;AìF =B=EHDGK <= 9FI999Dë9K
ò Acpagèpcqc bc ct_js_p cj tclrpäasjm bcpcafm n_jn_lbm j_ pcegèl tclrpgasj_p bcpcaf_ cl
j_ n_prc `_h_ bcj `mpbc cqrcpl_j gxosgcpbm w cl j_ pcegèl qs`vgdmgbc_* j_ _prcpg_ nsj+
kml_p cl cj Ū,ï cqn_agm glrcpamqr_j gxosgcpbm w j_ pcegèl _èprga_ cl cj Ū,ï cqn_agm
glrcpamqr_j bcpcafm &t, nÉe, 134',
Pcn_qc j_ gjsqrp_agèl bc j_ nÉegl_ _lrcpgmp osc qc _njga_ cl j_ k_wmpä_ bc jmq n_agclrcq
aml sl_ _l_rmkä_ _lmpk_j bcj amp_xèl w bc jmq ep_lbcq t_qmq,
´ob^ sbkqof`ri^o fwnrfboa^, Bi i^qfal ab i^ mrkq^ l ird^o abi jÉufjl
fjmripl, Cj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_ pcnpcqclr_ j_ nsjq_agèl glgag_j w `pctc bcj tcl+
rpäasjm gxosgcpbm* osc qc bcqnj_x_ f_ag_ bcj_lrc bsp_lrc j_ amlrp_aagèl w rma_ j_
n_pcb tclrpgasj_p, Cl j_ k_wmpä_ bc j_q cvnjmp_agmlcq* cj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_ amppcq+
nmlbc _j jse_p bc kÉvgkm gknsjqm* ncpm _jeslmq cqr_bmq n_rmjèegamq bcrcpkgl_l
sl_ nsjq_agèl kÉq _asq_b_ osc cj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_* nmp chcknjm* cj _skclrm bc
r_k_ém bcj tclrpäasjm bcpcafm* j_ bgj_r_agèl bc j_ _prcpg_ nsjkml_p m sl _lcspgq+
k_ bc j_ _mpr_,
Ah h]pe`k `a h] lqjp] oâhk oa l]hl] aj qj]
_ebn] `ah / 2 " ]h 1 - " `a hko ]`qhpko o]jko
aj `a_å^epk oqlejk w aj h] iep]` `a hko
]`qhpko o]jko aj `a_å^epk h]pan]h evmqean`k)
ok^na pk`k oe aop~j `ahc]`ko22+
Qg lm nscbc pcamlmacp cj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_ aml cj n_agclrc cl bcaí`grm qsnglm* näb_jc
osc egpc sl nmam f_ag_ j_ gxosgcpb_ n_p_ amjma_pqc cl bcaí`grm j_rcp_j gxosgcpbm, N_jnc bc
lsctm aml j_ a_p_ n_jk_p bc t_pgmq bcbmq, Qg lm bcqas`pc cj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_* ngb_ _j
n_agclrc osc cqngpc _ dmlbm w bchc bc pcqngp_p bsp_lrc slmq qceslbmq, As_lbm cvnjmpc
_ sl_ kshcp* bcqnj_ac j_ k_k_ gxosgcpb_ f_ag_ _ppg`_ m f_ag_ sl j_bm* qg npmacbc9 r_k+
`gàl* nscbc ncbgpjc _ cjj_ osc jm f_e_ nmp sqrcb,
Sl_ tcx jma_jgx_bm cj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_* bc`c cdcars_p sl_ ct_js_agèl kÉq dgl_ aml j_q
wck_q bc jmq bcbmq w jscem aml sl bcbm,
g g g g g g C C O d g O @ e g g g g g g @ C X C q q q I î C B e _ q q $ C _ q g g g g g g g k k g g k g g k k k g g g g g g g g k g g g g e g _ _
36. Lt;FA;9K <= =PHDGJ9;AìF =B=EHDGK <= 9FGE9Dë9K
? kcbgb_ osc _bosgcp_ cvncpgclag_* _npclbcpÉ _ n_jn_p cj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_ bc sl _jrm
nmpaclr_hc bc n_agclrcq, J_ m`cqgb_b* sl_ n_pcb rmpÉaga_ ksw ksqasjmq_ m cj glapckcl+
rm cl cj bgÉkcrpm _lrcpmnmqrcpgmp bcj rèp_v nscbcl gkncbgp* qgl ck`_pem* qs bcrcaagèl,
?jeslmq j_rgbmq bc j_ nslr_ qc masjr_l bcrpÉq bc j_ a_h_ rmpÉaga_* _ ncq_p bc jmq a_k`gmq
bc nmqrsp_,
Cv_kglc _fmp_ j_ jma_jgx_agèl* cj bgÉkcrpm* j_ _knjgrsb w j_ bsp_agèl bcj gknsjqm _ng+
a_j, OsgxÉ bcqcc osc cj n_agclrc cqngpc w bchc bc pcqngp_p slmq qceslbmq n_p_ tcpgdga_p
cqrmq qgelmq,
Jma_jgx_agèl, Rp_rc bc ct_js_p j_ jma_jg+
x_agèl aml cj n_agclrc cl bcaí`grm
qsnglm* nmposc j_ nmqgagèl bc bcaí`g+
rm j_rcp_j gxosgcpbm bcqnj_x_ cj j_rgbm
bc j_ nslr_ f_ag_ j_ gxosgcpb_, Jma_jg+
ac bmq nslrmq8 jmq cqn_agmq glrcpamqr_+
jcq* f_`grs_jkclrc cj 3,ï m osgxÉ cj 2,ï*
osc b_l j_ nmqgagèl tcprga_j* w j_ bgq+
r_lag_ cl aclräkcrpmq bc j_ jälc_ cqrcp+
l_j kcbg_* osc b_ j_ ammpbcl_b_ fmpg+
xmlr_j, ?jeslmq _srmpcq pcamkgclb_l
cdcars_p j_ kcbgagèl bcqbc j_ jälc_ aä_+
tgasj_p kcbg_ nmposc cj j_rgbm bc j_
nslr_ glagbc _npmvgk_b_kclrc qm`pc
cqr_ jälc_, Jmq ajälgamq osc cknjccl
cqr_ jälc_ bc`cpÉl jjct_p sl_ pcej_
n_p_ k_pa_p cj nslrm kcbgm clrpc j_q
_prgasj_agmlcq cqrcplmaj_tgasj_p w
_apmkgmaj_tgasj_p9 bc jm amlrp_pgm* cj
sqm bc cqr_ jälc_ pcqsjr_ kclmq pcnpm+
bsag`jc* nscqrm osc j_q cqrgk_agmlcq
bcj nslrm kcbgm bc j_ aj_täasj_ t_pä_l
clrpc jmq ajälgamq,
Iäkb^
bpqbok^i jbaf^
Iäkb^
`i^sf`ri^o
jbaf^
I^qfal
ab i^
mrkq^
Sà^pb i^ q^_i^ 7+2* †S^of^`flkbp v ^klj^iä^p
ab ilp fjmriplp sbkqof`ri^obp° &mÉd, 156',
Bi bj_^o^wl l rk ebjfaf^co^dj^ fwnrfboal
bibs^al mrbabk abpmi^w^o bi i^qfal ab i^
mrkq^ e^`f^ ^oof_^ v ^ i^ fwnrfboa^,
Bi abpmi^w^jfbkql i^qbo^i mlo ^rjbkql ab
q^j^él abi `lo^wèk pb sb bk i^ fkprcf`fbk∑
`f^ `^oaä^`^ `lkdbpqfs^* bk i^p jfl`^oafl+
m^qä^p v bk i^ `^oaflm^qä^ fpnràjf`^, Bk i^p
abclojfa^abp abi qèo^u v bk i^p abpsf^`fl∑
kbp jbaf^pqäkf`^p pb l_pbos^ abpmi^w^∑
jfbkql,
Bi abpmi^w^jfbkql i^qbo^i* mlo crbo^ ab i^
iäkb^ `i^sf`ri^o jbaf^* ^rjbkq^ i^ mol_^∑
_fifa^a ab `^oafljbd^if^ v ab afpjfkr∑
`fèk ab i^ co^``fèk ab bvb``fèk abi sbkqoä∑
`ril fwnrfboal bk 1+2v /.*
obpmb`qfs^jbkqb33,
37. Lt;FA;9K <= =PHDGJ9;AìF =B=EHDGK <= 9FI999Dë9K
ò BgÉkcrpm, N_jnc cj bgÉkcrpm bcj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_, Qg cj n_agclrc cqrÉ cl bcaí`grm
qsnglm* qscjc kcbgp kclmq bc 0*3 ak w masn_ qèjm sl cqn_agm glrcpamqr_j, Nscbc
n_pcacp k_wmp cl bcaí`grm j_rcp_j gxosgcpbm,
ò ?knjgrsb, Cqrgkc j_ _knjgrsb bcj gknsjqm, Qscjc qcp ncoscé_9 cj gknsjqm qc n_jn_
amkm sl j_rgbm clàpegam wncpasqgtm, ?jesl_q ncpqml_q hètclcq k_lgdgcqr_l sl gknsj+
qm bc kÉq _knjgrsb m fgncpaglàrgam as_lbm qc cvagr_l m bcqnsàq bcj chcpagagm, Qgl
ck`_pem* qs bsp_agèl cq lmpk_j,
/Q 0Q E 0Q
Kloj^i Efmbo`fkàqf`l
Bsp_agèl, J_ bsp_agèl cq j_ a_p_arcpäqrga_ kÉq írgj bcj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_ n_p_ pcam+
lmacp j_ fgncprpmdg_ bcj tclrpäasjm gxosgcpbm, N_p_ ct_js_p j_ bsp_agèl* _sqasjrc jmq
rmlmq a_pbä_amq kgclrp_q n_jn_ cj j_rgbm bc j_ nslr_ m tgegj_ cj kmtgkgclrm bcj cqrc+
rmqamngm _j _sqasjr_p j_ nslr_, Cqrgkc cj nmpaclr_hc bc qäqrmjc masn_bm nmp cj j_rgbm
bc j_ nslr_, Lmpk_jkclrc* masn_ jmq bmq rcpagmq bc j_ qäqrmjc w* _ kclsbm* kclmq*
ncpm lm amlrglí_ f_qr_ cj qceslbm rmlm a_pbä_am,
/Q 0Q /Q 0Q
Kloj^i Plpqbkfal
<GSEGS Y EVCSUP UPOPT ECSF_CEPT% Kcbg_lrc glqncaagèl wn_jn_agèl* nscbc bcrca+
r_p kmtgkgclrmq tclrpgasj_pcq qglapèlgamq aml jmq rmlmq a_pbä_amq n_rmjèegamq rcpacpm
w as_prm, Cl cj a_qm bc jmq gknsjqmq tclrpgasj_pcq gxosgcpbmq* n_jnc qs_tckclrc cj j_rg+
bm bc j_ nslr_ aml sl bcbm, Cj n_agclrc bc`c caf_pqc* cl n_prc* qm`pc cj j_bm gxosgcp+
bm* cqngp_p w bch_p nmp sl kmkclrm bc pcqngp_p, Qg qc pmrsj_ sl_ V qm`pc j_ nslr_* qc nsc+
bcl tcp cqrmq kmtgkgclrmq,
iSGC WGOUSKEVMCS FGSGEJC% 0M DPSFG GTUGSOCM KZRVKGSFP GO MPT GTQCEKPT
KOUGSEPTUCMGT (%GS# )%b Y ;%b Cj n_agclrc bc`c bcqa_lq_p cl bcaí`grm qsnglm* aml
j_ a_`cacp_ _ 1.ï, Jjctc j_q wck_q bc jmq bcbmq asptmq _ jmq cqn_agmq glrcpamqr_jcq 1,ï*
2,ï w 3,ï* w rp_rc bc n_jn_p cj gknsjqm qgqrêjgam bcj tclrpäasjm bcpcafm, Ngb_* mrp_ tcx*
_j n_agclrc osc glqngpc w bchc bc pcqngp_p bsp_lrc sl glqr_lrc n_p_ kchmp_p j_ m`qcp+
t_agèl,
Bk ab`ì_fql i^qbo^i fwnrfboal* rk i^qfal
[`]ljf ab i^ mrkq^ `lk rk afÉjbqol j^vlo
ab 1 `j fkaf`^ rk ^rjbkql ab q^j^él abi
sbkqoä`ril fwnrfboal34,
Bi fk`objbkql bk i^ ^jmifqra q^j_fàk
mrbab obcibg^o _`gik`if`[`jdf) Xed`X ^iXm)
pl_ob`^od^ ab mobpfèk abi sbkqoä`ril
fwnrfboal &m, bg,* jkefj`j X|ik`ZX& f pl_ob∑
`^od^ ab slirjbk abi sbkqoä`ril fwnrfboal
&m, bg,* `ejl]`Z`eZ`X d`kiXc&+
Rk i^qfal jfjke`[f) ab do^k ^jmifqra* bk
mlpf`fèk kloj^i e^`b mbkp^o bk rk^ efmbo∑
qolcf^ sbkqof`ri^o fwnrfboa^ mlo pl_ob`^od^
ab mobpfèk &`ljl bk i^ _`gikej`|e&+ Pf
bpqb fjmripl pb abpmi^w^ i^qbo^ijbkqb* `lk∑
pfabob rk^ pl_ob`^od^ ab slirjbk,
.,/Q 0Q
Rk i^qfal plpqbkfal* ab _^g^ ^jmifqra
&efml`fkàqf`l'* mrbab l_bab`bo ^ rk^ d`f*
ZXi[`fgXkyX [`cXkX[X+
Rk fjmripl jbplaf^pqèif`l _obsb abklq^
rk qbo`bo qlkl9 rk fjmripl grpql ^kqboflo ^i
i^qfal pfpqêif`l ab i^ mrkq^ obsbi^ rk `r^oql
qlkl,
![@ > M F Q R I L
Bi pfpqbj^ `^oafls^p`ri^o
h g k m g g k t ä k m g m a ä ?
LNKUA??EKJAO OQLANBE?E=HAO @AH
?KN=V•J U @A HKO CN=J@AO R=OKO
J_ _sqasjr_agèl a_pbä_a_* pcamlmagb_ bcqbc f_ac rgcknm amkm qäk`mjm bc j_ n_lm+
njg_ bc bcqrpcx_q bg_elèqrga_q _ j_ a_`cacp_ bcj cldcpkm* pcqsjr_ ksw tsjlcp_`jc _ jmq
npmepcqmq rcalmjèegamq w _j rgcknm* a_b_ tcx kÉq jgkgr_bm* osc pcqrpglec j_ mnmprs+
lgb_b bc jmq _jsklmq n_p_ _bosgpgp qs bmkglgm _ rp_tàq bcj chcpagagm w j_ pcncrg+
agèl/*0, Ksafmq m`qcpt_bmpcq bcqapg`cl j_ kclmp f_`gjgb_b ajälga_ n_p_ j_ cvnjmp_+
agèl däqga_* cl cqncag_j n_p_ j_ bcj qgqrck_ a_pbgmt_qasj_p aml pcj_agèl _ as_josgcp
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