5. Clinical Symptoms as an Estimator of Radiation Dose Nausea (5 -50%) Vomiting WBC Severity and onset correlate directly with dose and inversely with prognosis Low blood pressure Severe fluid loss LoC Convulsions Coma < 0.37 rem 100 rem 250 rem 650 rem Vomiting (50 – 100%) WBC Fatigue Severe Vomiting (100%) Diarrhea Cramps Bleeding - mouth, kidneys > 1000 rem Prognosis Prognosis Excellent Very Good Good - poor Death ( background radiation )
6. Lymphocyte Count As An Estimator of Radiation Dose Initial blood sample for concentration of circulating lymphocytes should be obtained as soon as possible following radiation exposure 24 hours after initial assessment, additional comparative samples should be taken Lymphocyte Levels Early Consequences ~ Dose (rem) (% of initial count) 100% zero or minimal dose absorption < 150 90 – 70% moderate radiation injury; 175 - 250 prone to infections, slow wound healing 65 – 35% severe radiation injury; 300 - 650 infections, hemorrhage 35 - 5% potentially fatal dose; 700 – 1 000 general blood cell suppression not detectable supralethal dose; > 3 000 cardiovascular neurological damage
7. radiation A B Chromosomes A B Chromosomes break and rejoin A B A B DNA duplication Radiation-induced chromosomal aberration Normal chromosome duplication DNA duplication Basis of Chromosome Analysis (Dicentric Analysis) Number of aberrations is proportional to dose absorbed
9. Number of abnormal chromosomes Radiation dose absorbed Radiation Dose Is Determined By the Number of Dicentric Chromosomes Observed in Cells The greater the number of dicentric chromosomes, the greater the absorbed dose
10. Quantity of chromosome aberrations (Biodosimetry Laboratory) Rate of decline in lymphocytes (Hematology Laboratory) Clinical symptoms (Physician) Future Health Risk Absorbed Dose Estimate Biological Indicators As Predictors of Health Outcome Immediate Medical Management Long-term effects -Cancer risk -Hereditary
11.
12.
13.
14.
15. Summary: Objectives of Biodosimetry To assist in medical management of victims in the hospital for radiation accidents involving large numbers of casualties. To predict short- and long-term health effects of radiation exposure.
16. Summary: Role of the Biodosimetry Laboratory Develop protocols for blood collection and processing Establish chain-of custody protocols to preserve evidence Perform DNA damage analysis Corroborate clinical information, with DNA analysis to predict short-term and protracted health consequences of absorbed radiation dose. As part of the State of Connecticut Emergency Response, the Biodosimetry Laboratory will provide a training/education component regarding sample collection and processing.
Notas do Editor
Many of the clinical symptoms many be due to other factors (stress, medication etc) other than radiation toxicity, therefore, other methods are required to confirm radiation exposure/absorption. Lymphocyte counts and chromosome aberrations serve this purpose.
The immediate objectives of the biodosimetry lab is tp determine absorbed dose, predict near-future health consequences of this dose, and pass the information on to physicians so that they can provide the appropriate medical attention. In order to do that, the data from several parameters is required and necessitates the participation of the physicians, and hematology labs.
![What is Radiation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Lead Aluminum Alpha Beta Gamma, X-Rays](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)