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Mini session:                                Research Methods




     Joseph Budu
                                                                     Using Microsoft Word for
     Email:
     jbudu@st.ug.edu.gh
                                                                          Referencing…


Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com                                    1
Referencing types

        Chapter 6; pg. 323 – 327

                                                               • Fisher, C. (2010) Researching
                                                                 and Writing a Dissertation,
                                                                 An Essential Guide For
                                                                 Business Students, Pearson
                                                                 Education Limited, Essex.




Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com                                     2
NB: Note-taking
        •     Copying and pasting
        •     Write as you read
        •     Cite as you write
        •     Differentiate ideas with font colours




Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        3
Why reference?

        • Support & compare
          argument(s)
        • Provide evidence
        • Show a trend
        • Avoid revocation

        • Avoid thieving

Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        4
Where the styles reside


   • C:Program
     FilesMicrosoft
     OfficeOffice12
     BibliographyStyle




Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        5
Types of Publications

        •     Book
        •     Book section
        •     Journal papers/articles
        •     Article in a periodical
        •     Conference proceedings
        •     Report
        •     Website or document from website

Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        6
Choosing Reference Style…




   #~# select preferred style from list
   NB: could be changed

   *Harvard (AGPS) style availability

Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        7
Inserting
   a citation

•select an existing citation

                                OR


•add a new source




Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        8
Adding a Reference source




Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        9
Referencing in the text – Type 1
        • If author is not mentioned in the text, add
          to year of publication in parentheses
        • E.g. ‘It seems that transaction benefits
          lead to incremental and transformational
          effects on micro-trading activities
          (Boateng, 2011).
        • Same author, different works
          e.g. (Boateng et. al, 2012)
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        10
Referencing in the text – Type 2

   • Including author’s name in sentence;
   • E.g. ‘many have argued that Boateng (2011)
     does not cover the benefits other mobile
     phone users gain from its use.

   • In case author’s initials appear…remedy!


   Zikmund W G. (2003) Business Research Methods, 7th edition, Thomson/South-Western.

Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com                            11
Type 2 Referencing




                                             #~# tweak citation using the options arrow

Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com                          12
Multiple authors

   • 2 authors part of the sentence;
     e.g. Banker & Kauffman (2004)
   • 2 authors NOT part of the sentence;
     e.g. (Banker & Kauffman, 2004)

   • > 2 authors, not part of the sentence
     e.g. (Afonso, Schuknecht & Tanzi, 2004)

   • (Afonso et.al, 2004) 
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        13
Same author & year, multiple works

   • E.g. Boateng (2011a, 2011b)




   • Corporate authors

   • Adding page numbers to year of publication

Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        14
Using numbered
        citation




Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        15
Citing web information




Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        16
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        17
Web
   Info




Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        18
Finally… inserting “Bibliography”




               Bibliography list




        Reference list
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        19
Managing Sources

• Managing sources
        – Deleting uncited sources
        – Copying, and adding sources to new work




Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        20
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        21
Other Tweaks
        • Converting reference list to static text
                – Perhaps for editing




Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
 Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com        22

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Referencing with Microsoft Word

  • 1. Mini session: Research Methods Joseph Budu Using Microsoft Word for Email: jbudu@st.ug.edu.gh Referencing… Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 1
  • 2. Referencing types Chapter 6; pg. 323 – 327 • Fisher, C. (2010) Researching and Writing a Dissertation, An Essential Guide For Business Students, Pearson Education Limited, Essex. Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 2
  • 3. NB: Note-taking • Copying and pasting • Write as you read • Cite as you write • Differentiate ideas with font colours Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 3
  • 4. Why reference? • Support & compare argument(s) • Provide evidence • Show a trend • Avoid revocation • Avoid thieving Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 4
  • 5. Where the styles reside • C:Program FilesMicrosoft OfficeOffice12 BibliographyStyle Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 5
  • 6. Types of Publications • Book • Book section • Journal papers/articles • Article in a periodical • Conference proceedings • Report • Website or document from website Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 6
  • 7. Choosing Reference Style… #~# select preferred style from list NB: could be changed *Harvard (AGPS) style availability Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 7
  • 8. Inserting a citation •select an existing citation OR •add a new source Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 8
  • 9. Adding a Reference source Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 9
  • 10. Referencing in the text – Type 1 • If author is not mentioned in the text, add to year of publication in parentheses • E.g. ‘It seems that transaction benefits lead to incremental and transformational effects on micro-trading activities (Boateng, 2011). • Same author, different works e.g. (Boateng et. al, 2012) Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 10
  • 11. Referencing in the text – Type 2 • Including author’s name in sentence; • E.g. ‘many have argued that Boateng (2011) does not cover the benefits other mobile phone users gain from its use. • In case author’s initials appear…remedy! Zikmund W G. (2003) Business Research Methods, 7th edition, Thomson/South-Western. Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 11
  • 12. Type 2 Referencing #~# tweak citation using the options arrow Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 12
  • 13. Multiple authors • 2 authors part of the sentence; e.g. Banker & Kauffman (2004) • 2 authors NOT part of the sentence; e.g. (Banker & Kauffman, 2004) • > 2 authors, not part of the sentence e.g. (Afonso, Schuknecht & Tanzi, 2004) • (Afonso et.al, 2004)  Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 13
  • 14. Same author & year, multiple works • E.g. Boateng (2011a, 2011b) • Corporate authors • Adding page numbers to year of publication Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 14
  • 15. Using numbered citation Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 15
  • 16. Citing web information Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 16
  • 17. Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 17
  • 18. Web Info Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 18
  • 19. Finally… inserting “Bibliography” Bibliography list Reference list Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 19
  • 20. Managing Sources • Managing sources – Deleting uncited sources – Copying, and adding sources to new work Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 20
  • 21. Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 21
  • 22. Other Tweaks • Converting reference list to static text – Perhaps for editing Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org] Photo Illustrations from Getty Images – www.gettyimages.com 22