2. Telepathy ?
• It’s the purported transmission of
information from one person to
another
• without using any of our known
sensory channels or physical
interaction.
• There is no scientific evidence
that telepathy is a real
phenomenon.
3. How will it be if you are going to have a
real technology that will enable you to
communicate just through thinking ??
Do you think so
that it’s even
possible ???
4. YES !!! It has become ALMOST possible
Through .....
BRAIN TO BRAIN INTERFACE
5. Brain –Computer Interface
A brain–computer interface (BCI),
sometimes called a direct neural
interface or a brain–machine
interface,
is a direct communication pathway
between a brain
and an external device.
6. Types of BCI
Invasive Brain Computer Interfaces
-implanted directly into the brain and has the
highest quality signals.
-provide functionality to paralyzed people.
Partially Invasive Brain Computer Interfaces
-implanted inside the skull but outside the brain.
Non Invasive Brain Computer Interfaces
-Gives a patient the ability to move muscle
implants and restore partial movement.
8. Shift from BCI to BBI
• A BBI relies on two pillars: -
the capacity to read (or “decode”) useful
information from neural activity
and the capacity to write (or “encode”) digital
information back into neural activity.
• In recent years, we have witnessed incredible
progress in these two capabilities with the
development of Brain-Computer Interfaces, or
BCIs
9. Working of BBI
• Electroencephalography, or EEG, is routinely
used by clinicians and researchers to record
brain activity noninvasively from the scalp.
• The first human brain (the sender) is
connected to a computer via an EEG-based
BCI. The second human brain (the
receiver) is connected to another computer
via a Magstim transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS)
10. The cycle of the experiment. Brain signals from the “Sender” are recorded. When the computer
detects imagined hand movements, a “fire” command is transmitted over the Internet to the TMS
machine, which causes an upward movement of the right hand of the “Receiver.” This usually
results in the “fire” key being hit. (Credit: University of Washington)
12. Applications
• Criminal investigation
• Communication
• Aid for the differently-abled
• Capturing memories ..etc
13. Future ...?
• Great !! Instead of posting it in Facebook
or in Twitter one can post a message
directly into your brain ! Haha
• Light weight EEG seems possible
• Constant streaming of thoughts
• Less bulkier BBI
The cycle of the experiment. Brain signals from the “Sender” are recorded. When the computer detects imagined hand movements, a “fire” command is transmitted over the Internet to the TMS machine, which causes an upward movement of the right hand of the “Receiver.” This usually results in the “fire” key being hit. (Credit: University of Washington)
The words (“hola” and “ciao”) as binary strings and presented them as a series of cues on a computer monitor. They recorded the subject’s EEG signals as the subject was instructed to think about moving his feet (binary 0) or hands (binary 1). They then sent the recorded series of binary values in an email message to researchers in France, 5,000 miles away.
MRI image showing location of TMS phosphene generator (credit: Carles Grau et al./PLoS ONE)
There, the binary strings were converted into a series of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses applied to a hotspot location in the right visual occipital cortex that either produced a phosphene (perceived flash of light) or not.