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From Novice to Expert:
A Pragmatic Approach to Learning

Bryan Bibat
pangkaraniwang developer
reduce
BigDecimal totalSalary = BigDecimal.ZERO;
for (Employee e : employeeList) {
totalTax = totalTax.add(e.salary());
}

BigDecimal totalSalary = employeeList.stream()
.reduce(BigDecimal.ZERO,
(sum, e) -> sum.add(e.salary()),
BigDecimal::add);
class Person
def initialize(name)
@name = name
end
attr_accessor :name
end
class Student < Person
attr_accessor :school
end
me = Student.new("Al")
me.school = "ABC"
me.is_a? Person
me.instance_of? Person

# true
# false
"What should an average software
engineer do to stand out?"
"How do top developers work?"
"Personal Productivity for Developers"
"Tips for aspiring or newbie web
developers"
From Novice to Expert:
A Pragmatic Approach to Learning

Bryan Bibat
pangkaraniwang developer
The Knowledge Worker
th

20 Century: Industrial Efficiency

Frederick Winslow Taylor
th

Mid-20 Century: Quality Management

W. Edwards Deming
st

21 Century: Knowledge Worker
Dreyfus Model
of Skill Acquisition
Dreyfus Model
Expert
Proficient
Competent
Advanced Beginner
Novice
intuition
Expert
Proficient
Competent
Advanced Beginner
Novice

rules
relevant focus
Expert
Proficient
Competent
Advanced Beginner
Novice
considers
everything
part of system
Expert
Proficient
Competent
Advanced Beginner
Novice
detached
observer
Applying Dreyfus Model
in
Software Development
Novice
Advanced Beginner
Competent
Competent
Proficient
Expert
Apparent Level of Discipline

Dreyfus
Model
Level

Level of Discipline
Actual Level of Discipline

Dreyfus
Model
Level

Level of Discipline
Amount of Effort

Dreyfus
Model
Level

Effort
"How do top developers work?"
"What should an average software
engineer do to stand out?"
intuition
Expert
Proficient
Competent
Advanced Beginner
Novice

rules
"Personal Productivity for Developers"
Amount of Effort

Dreyfus
Model
Level

Effort
Sharpen the Saw

“If I had eight hours to chop down a tree,
I'd spend six sharpening my axe.”
- Abraham Lincoln
Without appreciation for true expertise...
th

20 Century: Industrial Efficiency

Frederick Winslow Taylor
The Peter Principle
Employees within an organization
will advance to their
highest level of competence
and then
be promoted to and remain
at a level which
they are incompetent.
The Dilbert Principle
The most ineffective workers
are systematically moved
to the place where they can do
the least damage –
Management.
The Peter Principle
Employees within an organization
will advance to their
highest level of competence
and then
be promoted to and remain
at a level which
they are incompetent –
Management.
IMHO, companies that do not offer
dedicated development career tracks
and/or force engineers to be managers
are doomed to fail.
part of system
Expert
Proficient
Competent
Advanced Beginner
Novice
detached
observer
Expert

Proficient

Competent

Advanced
Beginner

Novice
Expert

Proficient

Competent

Advanced
Beginner

Novice

Expert
Beginner
Expert

Proficient

Competent

Advanced
Beginner

Novice

"Expert"
Beginner
Expert

Proficient

Competent

Advanced
Beginner

Novice

"Expert"
Beginner
Dunning-Kruger effect
Expert

Where unskilled individuals suffer from
illusory superiority, mistakenly
rating their ability much
higher than average...

Proficient

Competent

Advanced
Beginner

Novice

"Expert"
Beginner
TL; DR:
Most of your "Sirs" and "Masters"
don't even deserve those titles.
Stop inflating their egos.
Thank you for listening!
Expert
Proficient
Competent
Advanced Beginner
Novice

Experts work from intuition
Proficient practitioners can self-correct

Competents can troubleshoot

ABs don't want the big picture

Novices need recipes

bryanbibat.net | @bry_bibat
speakerdeck.com/bryanbibat

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From Novice to Expert: A Pragmatic Approach to Learning