1. TDM 458
Ara
Pachmayer
TOURISM IN ASIA

2.  Strong and vibrant cultures
 Less assimilated by the west
 Preserved traditional practices
Language
Agricultural
Religion
Lifestyle
OVERVIEW OF ASIA

3.  South Asia
Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal . . .
Greatest diversity of ethnicities in the world
 South East Asia
Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Singapore . . .
Culturally diverse
 East Asia
China, Korea, Japan . . .
Relatively homogenous, share Chinese influences
OVERVIEW OF ASIA

4. Size - largest continent
Area - 31,415,000 sq km (23% of the global
land area)
Variety of countries - 48
Population - close to 3.8 billion or 56% of the
world’s population
Large population base for domestic and
regional travel, short and long haul tourism
FACTORS AFFECTING ASIA TOURISM
EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT

6. Has more than double the average world
population - crowded cities
Has 6 of the world’s 10 largest cities: Tokyo,
Mumbai (Bombay), Shanghai, Calcutta, Seoul,
Beijing
Diversity - Oil rich to peasant poor, rural to
urban, industrialized to traditional; varying
political systems
FACTORS AFFECTING ASIA TOURISM
EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT

7. Tremendous historical and cultural resources:
religious, architectural, festivals, gastronomic,
lifestyle - which makes it an attractive and
interesting place to visit
Variation in landforms, ecological and physical
environments: almost from the Mediterranean
to the Pacific and the Indian Ocean; deserts to
alpine and forests zones; plains to
mountains; islands to mainland
FACTORS AFFECTING ASIA TOURISM
EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT

9. In 2011
Asia accounted for about 20% of global arrivals
Asia and the Pacific accounted for 20% of departures
Both are increasing quickly!
Asia and the Pacific account +30% global
arrivals by 2030
TOURISM OVERVIEW

10. INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS,
1950-2030

11. KEY DESTINATIONS IN ASIA 2011
Country Arrivals (Millions) Receipts
(Billions of
$)
China 57.6 48.5
Hong Kong 22.3 27.7
Malaysia 24.7 18.3
Thailand 19.1 26.3
Macau 13 NR
Singapore 10.4 18
Indonesia 7.7 8
* In 2011 growth was primarily driven by Southeast Asian
destinations (Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cambodia . . . )

12. Four Countries receive over 65% of
arrivals in Asia
These are China (including Hong
Kong and Macau) Thailand, Malaysia
and Singapore
CONCENTRATION OF TOURISM

13. OTHER DESTINATIONS IN ASIA 2011
Country Arrivals (Millions) Receipts
(Billions of
$)
South Korea 9.8 12.3
Japan(-27.8%) 6.2 11
India 6.3 17.5
Taiwan 6.0 11.0
Vietnam 6.0 5.6
Philippines 3.9 3.2
Cambodia 2.9 1.7

14. FREE FLIGHTS TO BOOST TOURISM TO
JAPAN
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-10-
10/japan-offering-free-trips-to-
foreigners/3459548?section=world

15.  Global (and Asian) recession
 Terrorism targeting tourism enterprises especially
Indonesia, India, Philippines
 Islamic Fundamentalism
 Civil wars - India/Pakistan, East Timor, Tamil Tigers
 North - South Korea conflict
 Illegal drug traffic
 Disasters - earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, droughts,
environmental disasters
CURRENT AND FUTURE ISSUES IN ASIA

16. TOURISM IN SOUTH ASIA

17. Pakistan
India
Bangladesh
Nepal
Bhutan
Sri Lanka
The Maldives
SOUTH ASIA

19.  The world’s second largest population cluster (where is 1st?)
 Significant demographic problems
 Linguistic diversity & More than 2000 ethnic groups
 Strong cultural regionalism - culturally fragmented
 Fast growing birthrates
 Religious Patterns
 Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism
 Low income economies - 2nd lowest average income after
Sub-Saharan Africa
 Culture Shock for western visitors
 Population concentrated in villages - subsistence agriculture
 Boundary problems (Pakistan - India, Jammu & Kashmir)
 Climatic disturbance
MAJOR QUALITIES OF SOUTH ASIA

20. P
A
K
I
S
T
A
N

21. Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Population - 166.9 million
80% Sunni Muslim; 16% Shia Minority
PAKISTAN

22. West Pakistan
East Pakistan
India
PAKISTAN (AT PARTITION)

23.  Partition and Independence
 Leaders of Jammu and Kashmir
joined with India (they were Hindu)
 Hindu ruler but Muslim population
 Pakistan wants region back
 Almost continuous state of war since 1947
 Long history of tourism in the region, Main source of income
 Floating luxury hotels and houseboats on lakes
 However, issues with tourism in the region include
 Dal Lake - has shrunk due to unregulated tourism and
residential development
 Periodic terrorist and military action
 Decline in tourism
KASHMIR

24. Used to be fairly significant
 Abundance of natural and cultural resources
Political crisis and war have deteriorated tourism
 Travel warnings abound
Relationship between India and Pakistan
Little other tourism beyond VFR
 but missing India to some degree
 Difficult for Indians and Pakistanis to get visas to either
country (though citizens of other countries can cross)
TOURISM IN PAKISTAN

25. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWc1cEV-
wAo
BORDER CROSSING VIDEO

26. INDIA

27. Encompasses 75% of the total area in South
Asia
Population - 1.2 billion - largest democracy in
the world
28% Urbanized
14 major and many minor languages
INDIA

28. Average annual income - $2,880 Per person
38% live below the poverty line
Traditional village farming and modern
agriculture
Handicraft, old and new branches of industry
Support services - Call Centers
Clothing Industry
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

29. Kolkatta (Calcutta) - 14.6 million
500,000 Homeless/est. 200,000 are children
Former British Colonial Capital - 1772 - 1911
Delhi (New and Old) - 16.2 million
British and Indian seat of Government
Mumbai (Bombay) - 18.9 million
Achieved primacy based on location (Suez
Canal)
CITIES

30. Transportation
 Well developed train system allowed for mobility, also
comprehensive road network
Adapted from the English
 Legal system
 Political system
 Education system
Conflicts between Hindus and Muslims
(partition)
Caste system
 Abolished in 1950 but still important in rural and more
traditional areas
COLONIALISM AND THE
MODERNIZATION OF INDIA

31.  Grew by 9% in 2011, 12% in 2010
 Growing as a source market as well
 VFR
Huge Indian Diaspora from emigration, voluntary and
forced (indentured servitude). These people return
“home”
 Backpacker
Exotic, beaches, trekking
Rishikesh - 100K visitors/per year (vegetarian city by
law, have banned the use of plastic bags, world
capital of Yoga, famous for the Beatles visit)
TOURISM IN INDIA

32.  Nature
National parks, mountains and nature preserves
 Culture
Multiplicity of cultures and historic sites
 Religious Tourism
Hindu, Buddhist and Muslim pilgrimages
Kumbha Mela and other festivals
Ashrams (meditation centers
 Medical Tourism
 Full Service “package”
 Business Tourism
TOURISM IN INDIA

33. TRANSPORTATION/INFRASTRUCTURE

36. VFR

38. BANGLADESH

39. Independent since 1971
Formerly East Pakistan
Population - 147 million
Density - 3914/square mile (AZ = 91/square
mile, Phoenix = 2700/square mile
2.1% annual growth rate
Annual income $1870 per person
Natural Hazards - Cyclones, Flooding
BANGLADESH

41. TOURISM POTENTIAL
World’s largest unbroken beach in the Bay of
Bengal
World’s largest mangrove forest
Home of the Bengal tiger
Several ancient cities dating to the 12th
century

42. BARRIERS TO TOURISM
 Annual Climatic
Disturbances
 Muslim - perceived security
concerns
 Low levels of technological
development
 One of the world’s poorest
and least developed
countries

43. HIMALAYAN KINGDOMS

44.  Turbulent political situation
 Maoist rebels, Changes in government
 Traditions of tourism due to hundreds of years of religious
tourism
 Culture
 Kathmandu - City of Temples, Freak Street, gateway to Everest
 Kathmandu Valley - 7 UNESCO WHS
 Lumbini - birthplace of Lord Buddha - WHS
 Nature
 Chitwan National Park - Rhinos, tigers, and elephants, oh my!
 Trekking - Annapurna
 Mount Everest
 Mt. Everest…Grew by 37% in 2007…declined by 5% in 2008
 $10K - $65K per person for a climbing permit which =major
revenue
 Environmental degradation is a major issue! - trash, tramping,
burning bushes which leads to erosion
NEPAL

46.  Mountain Kingdom in Himalayas
 Closed Buddhist Society
 GNH - Gross National Happiness
 Unique tourism model
Tourism highly restricted, only 25,000 a year
Protectionism
Culture and religion
Natural environment
“High Value, Low Volume/Low Impact”
BHUTAN

47.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9MFDOGUJA0
 Watch this short video if you would like additional information
on Bhutan - not required
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbCus2hNUco
Sustainable Adventure Rural Tourism Project
between Bhutan and Costa Rica
BHUTAN

48.  The Maldives
 >1,000 Islands <115 square miles
 Population - 300,000
 Mainly Muslim
 Highest GNP in the region
 Tourism dependent
 Prone to disasters
 Only 8 feet above sea level on average so vulnerable to
storms, tsunamis
 The sinking islands
 It is expected that the Maldives will be below sea level within
the next century due to rising sea levels
THE MALDIVES

49.  Unique tourism model
Catering to affluent Europeans
Islands as self-contained resorts
Tourists aren’t encouraged to leave resorts
Tourism restricted by the government
 Maldives PR disaster
http://minivannews.com/society/resort-wedding-
ceremony-in-dhivehi-degrades-tourist-couple-as-
infidel-swine-mocks-islam-12671
THE MALDIVES