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Forum-Nexus International Finance Class –  Part 2
Brian David Butler Brian Butler is a specialist in international economic analysis, and is founder of the prestigious “GloboTrends“ ( www.globotrends.com ) online economics site, which has been featured as syndicated content on Nouriel Roubini’s RGE Monitor, Emerginvest.com, Business Week Exchange, Wikinvest.com, and other leading news outlets.  Brian earned an MBA with distinction from the Thunderbird School of Global Management and he has taught Finance, Economics and Global Trade at Thunderbird’s Global MBA program in Miami. Brian is currently a teacher and country director for Forum-Nexus study abroad program in Brazil. He previously worked as financial analyst for the Columbia University Business School and for NextLogics, a boutique investment and consulting firm focused on early stage endeavors with social impact.  A global citizen, Brian was born in Canada, raised in Switzerland (where he attended international schools), educated in the U.S., started his career with a Japanese company, moved to New York to work as a financial analyst, married a Brazilian, and has traveled extensively in Latin America, Asia, Europe and North America. [email_address] [email_address] LinkedIn/briandbutler Skype: briandbutler
Forum-Nexus International Finance Class –  France – last day before trip to Italy… Wednesday July 15 th , 2009
Themes to cover Today ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hedging foreign currency risk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hedging foreign currency risk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hedging foreign currency risk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hedging foreign currency risk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Themes to cover Today ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fixed vs. Flexible exchange rates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The “dollar bloc” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dollar bloc: ,[object Object]
Difficult Choices…  the “Mundell Trilemma” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mundell Trilemma ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fixed vs. Flexible exchange rates ,[object Object],[object Object]
Brief History – Key points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fixed Fixed Flexible Flexible The gold standard (~1850–1914) Fixed exchange rates during the 1920s Great Depression era Post WWII Bretton Woods / IMF system (1944–1971) 1970’s –today:  since U.S. left the gold/dollar standard ?????
Brief History – Key points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fixed Fixed Flexible Flexible The gold standard (~1850–1914) Fixed exchange rates during the 1920s Inter-war period Great Depression era Post WWII Bretton Woods / IMF system (1944–1971) 1970’s –today:  since U.S. left the gold/dollar standard
Brief History – Key points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FIXED system…  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FIXED system… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Automatic Adjustment Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Note:  For THIS class… you do NOT need to memorize this!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Future….  ….Fixed vs. Flexible ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Take away: Key points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fixed Fixed Flexible Flexible The gold standard (~1850–1914) Fixed exchange rates during the 1920s Great Depression era Post WWII Bretton Woods / IMF system (1944–1971) 1970’s –today:  since U.S. left the gold/dollar standard ?????
Pessimistic Forecast “ Tale of 2 Depressions” Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
If you look just at the USA… If you look just at the US, you might be tempted to believe that this “Great Recession” of 2009 is not as bad as the “Great Depression of 1929-32
A tale of 2 depressions: ,[object Object],[object Object],Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
A tale of 2 “GLOBAL” depressions: Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
A tale of 2 “GLOBAL” depressions: Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
The Volume of World Trade, Now vs Then (updated) Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
Industrial output, four big Europeans, then and now Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
Industrial output, four big Europeans, then and now Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
Industrial output, four Non-Europeans, then and now Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
Industrial output, four Non-Europeans, then and now Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
Industrial output, four small Europeans, then and now. Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
Industrial output, four small Europeans, then and now. Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
A tale of 2 depressions: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
Central Bank Discount Rates, Now vs Then (7 country average) ,[object Object],[object Object],Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
Money Supplies, 19 Countries, Now vs Then ,[object Object],[object Object],Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
Government Budget Surpluses, Now vs Then ,[object Object],[object Object],Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
A tale of 2 depressions: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
Repeat challenge to students: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
As late as 2008, the IMF forecasted growth in 2009
Good NEWS!! ,[object Object],[object Object]
Forum-Nexus International Finance Class Italy– (1 st  class after Midterm EXAM) Saturday July 18 th , 2009
Themes to cover Today ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exam review ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Understanding Risks: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Understanding Risks: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Terms you need to know…. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exam review – Hedging problem (Account  Payable ): fear = you will owe MORE than expected… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exam review – Hedging problem (Account  Receivable ): fear = you will receive LESS than expected… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multiple Choice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multiple choice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Borrow Short ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Lend Long ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Banks Business model = fragile Borrow short, lend long Note:  this is the HEART of the issue for why banks are “ fragile ” business models (answer to other question).  This is why government issues guarantees (FDIC), which results in “moral hazard”, and why we need regulation
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multiple Choice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solvent :    not Solvent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Liabilities  (Borrowing, debt) Equity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Liabilities  (Borrowing, debt) Equity
Solvency v Liquidity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solvency v Liquidity Timeline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Liabilities  (Borrowing, debt) Equity
Credit Crisis timeline – key dates in September ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solvency v Liquidity Timeline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Essay projects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Themes to cover Today ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Review: Difficult Choices… the “Mundell Trilemma” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mundell Trilemma ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Italy & the “Mundell Trilemma” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mundell Trilemma ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monetary policy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inflation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SPEND today!!! (don’t save)
Hyper-Inflation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inflation – why bad ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inflation:  effect on life savings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inflation:  bad for banks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inflation – why bad ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Deflation –  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Deflation –  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Monetary Policy + deflation  ,[object Object]
Monetary vs. Fiscal Policy ,[object Object],[object Object]
Monetary vs. Fiscal Policy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Forum-Nexus International Finance Class Italy– (2 st  class after Midterm EXAM) Monday July 20 th , 2009
Group Project –  Under Grad , “The Euro Zone – before, during and after the Global Economic Crisis” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Group Project – Grad , “The Euro Zone – before, during and after the Global Economic Crisis”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Group Project, “The Euro Zone – before, during and after the Global Economic Crisis”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Group Project, “The Euro Zone – before, during and after the Global Economic Crisis”
Themes still to cover – Martin Wolf Book “Fixing Global Finance” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What caused the crisis: a look at the “Macro Factors” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0zEXdDO5JU ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Macro Factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Comments: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
 
Comments: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Macro Factors… look back to the early 2000’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Martin Wolf book “Fixing global Finance” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Series of Crises
Series of Crises ,[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
Series of Crises – 1990’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://globotrends.pbworks.com/history-of-economic-crisis-and-currency-devaluations
Series of Crises – 1990’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://globotrends.pbworks.com/history-of-economic-crisis-and-currency-devaluations
Series of Crises – 1990’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://globotrends.pbworks.com/history-of-economic-crisis-and-currency-devaluations
Series of Crises – 1990’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://globotrends.pbworks.com/history-of-economic-crisis-and-currency-devaluations
Series of Crises – 1990’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
Forum-Nexus International Finance Class Italy– (2 st  class after Midterm EXAM) Tuesday July 21 st  , 2009
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Group Project, “The Euro Zone – before, during and after the Global Economic Crisis”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Group Project
Forum-Nexus International Finance Class Greece– (1 st  class) Friday July 24 th   , 2009
Themes to cover – Martin Wolf Book “Fixing Global Finance” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Essay projects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Essay projects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Review last class   Key event:  Asian Crisis ‘97-98 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key event:  Asian Crisis ‘97-98 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key event:  Asian Crisis ‘97-98 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
response… ,[object Object],Martin Wolf, Fixing Global Finance, p56
Key lesson ,[object Object]
Imagine… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf, Fixing Global Finance
Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Answer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current Account / Capital Account ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Assignment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lessons… ,[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf, Fixing Global Finance, p40
Current Account: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current Account ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current Account Deficit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
From the book… ,[object Object],Martin Wolf, Fixing Global Finance
Country’s Balance Sheet: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
National “Balance Sheet” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
What is a “current account deficit? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
National “Balance Sheet” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
National “Balance Sheet” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
National “Balance Sheet” ,[object Object],[object Object]
Answer… ,[object Object],[object Object]
National “Balance Sheet” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Answer : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Answer : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Answer : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Devaluation = answer to current account deficits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
But, what if devaluation doesn’t solve the problem ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Call for help! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMF – “business model” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMF – “business model” ,[object Object]
IMF – “business model” ,[object Object],[object Object]
IMF – “conditionalities” ,[object Object],[object Object]
Unpopular… scapegoat ,[object Object]
“ Conditionalities” – why? ,[object Object],[object Object]
“ Conditionalities” – why? ,[object Object]
Why is the IMF avoided “at all costs”? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conditionalities - controversial ,[object Object]
Conditionalities - controversial ,[object Object]
Conditionalities - controversial ,[object Object]
Conditionalities - controversial ,[object Object],[object Object]
IMF & Asian Crisis ‘97 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Call for help! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Call for help! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Forum-Nexus International Finance Class Athens, Greece– (2 nd  class) Saturday July 25 th   , 2009
Group Project: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Themes to cover – Martin Wolf Book “Fixing Global Finance” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Question… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Answers… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
National “Balance Sheet” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance” Must  Balance!! If not… pay out reserves..
Assignment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
Legacy of the Crises ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
Legacy of the Crises – PART I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
Legacy of the Crises - 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
Legacy of the Crises – part 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
The “dollar bloc” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legacy of the Crises – part 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
Legacy of the Crises – Part I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
Legacy of the Crises – part 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
National “Balance Sheet” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance” Must  Balance!! If deficit…  pay out reserves. If surplus.. Build up  reserves.
Foreign reserves = I.O.U’s  (2008-09) https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2188rank.html
Legacy of the Crises ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
Foreign reserves = I.O.U’s ,[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
Foreign reserves = I.O.U’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
China – USA  ,[object Object]
The risk to China: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2 threats: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2 nd   threat : Inflation ,[object Object]
Inflation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
QUESTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inflation:  bad for banks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2 nd   threat (TO) China’s foreign-currency reserves : Inflation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2 nd   threat (TO) China’s foreign-currency reserves : Inflation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2 nd   threat (TO) China’s foreign-currency reserves : Inflation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
US Threat… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Group Project - presentations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Group Project - presentations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Forum-Nexus International Finance Class Rhodes, Greece– (1 st  class) Monday, July 27 th   , 2009
Schedule… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Themes to cover – Martin Wolf Book “Fixing Global Finance” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
National Accounts -spotlight http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/dd14a46e-e72f-11dd-aef2-0000779fd2ac.html# Note the  Inverse- relationship between the “Current Account Balance” and the “Reserve Accumulation”
Review… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The risk to China: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
US Threat… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Populist fears: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
On the other hand… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
But, that assumes… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ Buddy, Can You Spare $5 Trillion?”, John Mauldin, July 10, 2009
“ Buddy, Can You Spare $5 Trillion?”, John Mauldin, July 10, 2009
That’s a lot of debt! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
If devaluation of the US dollar… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
If the US Balance Sheet:  (just looking at external financing) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],So, what happens if US dollar “depreciates”? (does US become more, or less “Solvent”?)
Solvency v Liquidity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],So, what happens if US dollar “depreciates”? (does US become more, or less “Solvent”?)
If devaluation of the US dollar… ,[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
US Balance Sheet: with Depreciation of US currency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],If US dollar DEPRECIATES… US becomes MORE solvent!
Threat to China - ,[object Object],[object Object],Martin Wolf book, “Fixing Global Finance”
Exorbitant privilege ,[object Object],[object Object]
Real threat to the USA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Imagine a world where… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Demographics & the Debt By 2050; a third of the rich world’s population will be over 60 “ The demographic bill is likely to be (10x) ten times bigger than the fiscal cost of the financial crisis.” The Economist, June 2009
Question: ,[object Object],[object Object]
Answer: ,[object Object]
Inflation ,[object Object],[object Object]
Inflation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Risks to US ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Risks to US ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lesson: don’t push China  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sovereign Wealth funds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Challenge for China ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exam extra credit – 5 points ,[object Object],[object Object]
Fixing Global Finance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fixing Global Finance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rest of class… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Group Project ,[object Object]
part 2- Forum Nexus Finance Class   Prof. Brian Butlers Lectures   Final   Part 2

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part 2- Forum Nexus Finance Class Prof. Brian Butlers Lectures Final Part 2

  • 2. Brian David Butler Brian Butler is a specialist in international economic analysis, and is founder of the prestigious “GloboTrends“ ( www.globotrends.com ) online economics site, which has been featured as syndicated content on Nouriel Roubini’s RGE Monitor, Emerginvest.com, Business Week Exchange, Wikinvest.com, and other leading news outlets. Brian earned an MBA with distinction from the Thunderbird School of Global Management and he has taught Finance, Economics and Global Trade at Thunderbird’s Global MBA program in Miami. Brian is currently a teacher and country director for Forum-Nexus study abroad program in Brazil. He previously worked as financial analyst for the Columbia University Business School and for NextLogics, a boutique investment and consulting firm focused on early stage endeavors with social impact. A global citizen, Brian was born in Canada, raised in Switzerland (where he attended international schools), educated in the U.S., started his career with a Japanese company, moved to New York to work as a financial analyst, married a Brazilian, and has traveled extensively in Latin America, Asia, Europe and North America. [email_address] [email_address] LinkedIn/briandbutler Skype: briandbutler
  • 3. Forum-Nexus International Finance Class – France – last day before trip to Italy… Wednesday July 15 th , 2009
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  • 25. Pessimistic Forecast “ Tale of 2 Depressions” Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
  • 26. If you look just at the USA… If you look just at the US, you might be tempted to believe that this “Great Recession” of 2009 is not as bad as the “Great Depression of 1929-32
  • 27.
  • 28. A tale of 2 “GLOBAL” depressions: Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
  • 29. A tale of 2 “GLOBAL” depressions: Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
  • 30. The Volume of World Trade, Now vs Then (updated) Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
  • 31. Industrial output, four big Europeans, then and now Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
  • 32. Industrial output, four big Europeans, then and now Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
  • 33. Industrial output, four Non-Europeans, then and now Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
  • 34. Industrial output, four Non-Europeans, then and now Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
  • 35. Industrial output, four small Europeans, then and now. Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
  • 36. Industrial output, four small Europeans, then and now. Source: “A Tale of Two Depressions” , June 4, 2009, Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, © voxEU.org
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  • 43. As late as 2008, the IMF forecasted growth in 2009
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  • 45. Forum-Nexus International Finance Class Italy– (1 st class after Midterm EXAM) Saturday July 18 th , 2009
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  • 60. Banks Business model = fragile Borrow short, lend long Note: this is the HEART of the issue for why banks are “ fragile ” business models (answer to other question). This is why government issues guarantees (FDIC), which results in “moral hazard”, and why we need regulation
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  • 87. Forum-Nexus International Finance Class Italy– (2 st class after Midterm EXAM) Monday July 20 th , 2009
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  • 109. Forum-Nexus International Finance Class Italy– (2 st class after Midterm EXAM) Tuesday July 21 st , 2009
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  • 112. Forum-Nexus International Finance Class Greece– (1 st class) Friday July 24 th , 2009
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  • 162. Forum-Nexus International Finance Class Athens, Greece– (2 nd class) Saturday July 25 th , 2009
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  • 177.
  • 178. Foreign reserves = I.O.U’s (2008-09) https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2188rank.html
  • 179.
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  • 196. Forum-Nexus International Finance Class Rhodes, Greece– (1 st class) Monday, July 27 th , 2009
  • 197.
  • 198.
  • 199. National Accounts -spotlight http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/dd14a46e-e72f-11dd-aef2-0000779fd2ac.html# Note the Inverse- relationship between the “Current Account Balance” and the “Reserve Accumulation”
  • 200.
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  • 206. “ Buddy, Can You Spare $5 Trillion?”, John Mauldin, July 10, 2009
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  • 218. Demographics & the Debt By 2050; a third of the rich world’s population will be over 60 “ The demographic bill is likely to be (10x) ten times bigger than the fiscal cost of the financial crisis.” The Economist, June 2009
  • 219.
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