Working paper: Policy response to youth participation in Nepal

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brabim.kumar@gmail.com
1
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;Dd h] klg ug{ ;S5' eGg] hf]z JolQmdf x'G5 eg]sf] 5 . clxn] ljZjsf] hg;+Vof & c/a k'u]sf] 5 .
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dxf;GwL -Child Rights convention_ !* jif{ ;Ddsf] pd]/nfO{ afnaflnsf eg]/ dfg]sf] 5 eg] ;+o'Qm
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;+o'Qm /fi6| ;+3sf dxf;lrjsf] æ/fi6| ljsf;df o'jfsf nfuL lb3{sflng gLlt / sfo{s|dÆ
k|ltj]bgn] /fli6|o o'jf gLltsf] cf}lrTo ljifoj:t' / gLlt agfpg dfu{ lgb{]z ;d]t u/]sf] lyof]4
.
2
The world 7 billion population report
3
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/area/idsas/HAMILTON,Mark.htm
4
ICNYP (2005) Comparative Analysis of National Youth Policies. Available at
www.unicef.org/.../Youth/en-NeuICNYPComparativeStudyonNYPsaktuell-2005.pdf

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;'emfjdf /fli6|o o'jf gLltn] ;dfhdf o'jfsf] :yfg, e'ldsf / o'jfx? k|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L :ki6 ug{'kg{]
s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] . o;sf] !) jif{ kl5 ;g !((% df World Programme of Action for
Youth to the Year 2000 and Beyond (WPAY) b:tfj]h dfkm{t o'jfx?sf nfuL gLlt tyf sfo{s|dsf
!) k|fyldstfsf If]qx? klxrfg ub}{ o'jf k|lt cfkmgf k|lta4tfx? hfx]/ ;d]t ub}{ Plss[t /fli6|o
o'jf gLltsf nfuL 7f]; sfo{ of]hgfx? ;d]t cuf8L Nofof] . o;}nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb}+ ;g !((* sf]
cui6 * b]vL !@ ;Dd kf]r{'unsf] ln:jg zx/df ;DkGg o'jfsfnfuL lhDd]jf/ dGqLx?sf] ljZj
;Dd]ng (World Conference of Ministers Responsible for Youth) df ;xefuL !$) eGbf a9L
/fi6|x?n] /fli6|o o'jf gLltsf] lgdf0f{, sfof{Gjog / cg'udg k|s[ofsf nfuL pRr:t/sf] /fhgLlts
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. g]kfndf o'jf gLlt / o'jf
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ljsf;] ;+:yfx?sf] ;fd[lxs hf]8af6 g]kfndf lj=;+ @)^^ ;fn df3 !$ ut] /fli6|o o'jf gLlt hf/L
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@= g]kfndf o'jfM
5
ICNYP (International Council on National Youth Policy) (2000) Background Paper on the Fundamentals of a National Youth
Policy. Available at www.ditzendy.hu/.../background_paper_on_the_fundamentals_of_a_national_youth_policy_2001.pdf
6
/fli6|o o'jf gLltsf sfo{gLlts If]qx? M hLjgofkgsf cfwf/e"t clwsfx?, lzIff, :jf:Yo tyf kl/jf/ sNof0f,
;fdflhs ;'/Iff, /f]huf/L, o'jfsf] ;zlQms/0f tyf g]t[Tj, ljsf;, ;xeflutf tyf kl/rfng, snf, ;+:s[lt,
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k|fyldstfx?, ;fem]bf/L
7
Youth age report submitted in Association of youth organizations Nepal (AYON)

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o'jfnfO{ phf{sf >f]t, kl/j{tgsf ;+jfxs, ;[hgzLn ;d'x eg]/ klg pNn]v ul/g] ul/G5 . oBkL g]kfnsf]
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;+:yfut ug{] s|ddf o'jfsf] e'ldsfnfO{ pk]Iff ul/Psf] ;+ljwfg ;efdf /x]sf tGg]/L k':tfsf ;efifbx?sf]
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kl/eflift ug{' kg{] / olx pd]/ ;d'xsf] cfjZostf / ;d:ofnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ /fli6|o txdf sfo{S|dx?
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/ g]skf dfcf]jfbL ljr ePsf] !@ a'b]+ ;Demf}tf kl5 ;DkGg @)^@ – @)^# ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntf
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of]hgfdf o'jfsf nfuL 5'66} RofK6/sf] Jo:yf ul/of] . tTsflng k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfnsf] g]t[Tj
;/sf/4f/f @)^% efb| !% ut] df}h'bf dGqfnonfO{ lj:tfl/t u/L 5'66} o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqfnosf] u7g
u/of] . dGqfnosf] u7g eP kZrft o'jf gLlt d:of}bf sfo{bn aGof] h;n] ax;df NofPsf] klxnf]
d:of}bfdf o'jfsf] pd]/ !^ – #% pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ o'jf gLlt hf/L x'bfF o'jfsf] pd]/ !^ – $)
eg]/ pNn]v ul/of] t/ To;df plrt sf/0f eg] v'nfO{Psf] 5}g .
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@)%( ;fndf d:of}bf ag]sf] o'jf gLlt / lqjlif{o of]hgfdf o'jf RofK6/n] o'jfnfO{ kl/eflift ug{] ;Gb{edf
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k|efjzfnL ;xefuLtf lyof] . @)^^ ;fnsf] o'jf gLlt kfl/t x'bfF ;f] sfo{bndf zxefuL clw+sfz ljleGg
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nufPsf] sf/0f cfkmgf] Ifdtf / of]Uotf x'bfF x'b}+ klg w]/} tGg]/L k':tfsf /fhgLltsdL{x? l;ldt e'ldsfdf
aflwFP/ a:g' k/]sf] 5 . To;sf ;fy} s]xL /fhgLlt sdL{x?df g]t[TjbfoL e'ldsfdf cfkm'nfO{ kfvf kfl//xFbf
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8
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9
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/fh]Gb| d'NdLsf] sfo{kq dfyL ePsf] ax;

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ug{ g;s]sf] l6Kk0fLx? o'jfsf] af/]df ul/g] ax;x?df ;'Gg] ul/G5 . !^ b]vL $) jif{ pd]/ ;Dd o'jfnfO{
kl/eflift u/]/ /fli6|o o'jf gLltn] o'jfsf ;jfnx? / k|fyldstfx?nfO{ ;fdflGos/0f ug{ vfh]sf] b]lvG5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/s} o; cl3sf cWoog k|ltj]bg, cGtl/d of]hgf / sfo{s|dx? gh/ cGbfh u/]/ cfPsf]
/fli6|o o'jf gLltn] g]kfnL o'jfsf] k|d'v ltg ;jfnx? klxrfg, kx'Fr / k|ltlglwTjnfO{11 ;d]6g vf]h] klg
Tof] kof{Kt eg] 5}g .
kx'Frsf] ;jfndf s'/f ubf{ /fHon] lbg'kg{] Go'gtd ;'ljwfx? ufF;, af;, skf;, lzIff , :jf:Yo , /f]huf/L,
;'rgf k|ljwL h:tf s'/fx? ax';+Vos o'jfn] kfPsf 5}gg . o;} sf/0f w]/} o'jfx? cfhklg ju{, hft, wd{ /
If]lqotfsf gfddf ljbf|]xdf nfUg afWo 5g .12
#= g]kfnL O{ltxf;df o'jf13
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lht xfl;n ubf{ plg dfq @@ jif{sf lyP .
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@@ jif{sf lyP / rf/ zlxb dWo] bz/y rGb, z's|/fh zf:qL, wd{eQm dfy]df #) jif{sf]
xf/fxfl/df lyP
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5g .
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10
www.moys.gov.np/uploads/.../7National%20youth%20policy.pdf
11
g]kfn o'jf ;+:yf ;+hfnn], ;g @))& df cfof]hgf u/]sf] /fli6«o o'jf ;Dd]ngdf o'jf ;jfn ljr 5nkmn x'bfF
/ o'jf sfo{ g]kfnsf] ;+of]hgdf @))* df lj/f6gu/df ;DkGg g]kfn o'jf ;fdflhs d+rdf ePsf] 5nkmnsf]
cfwf/df lgsflnPsf] lgZsif{
12
Nepal youth status report published by British council and AYON
13
The remaking of State, published by NCCR 2009

6. ;xefuLtf j[4L ug{] ax; ubf{ o'jfsf] ljlzi6 e'ldsf / cj:yfnfO{ a'emg h?/L x'G5 . /f]h/ xf6{n] o'jf
;xefuLtfsf ;DaGwdf * j6f v'l8snfx?sf] dfWoodaf6 k|i6ofPsf 5g .
;xefuLtfsf * v'l8snfx?df kl/rfng, ;hfj6L ;xefuLtf, ljgf cfwf/ r'Gg], hfgsf/L tyf kl/rfng,
5nkmndf ;xefuLtf, k|f}9x?sf] kxndf ePsf] lg0f{osf hfgsf/L, o'jfs} kxn / o'jfs} lgb{]zg, o'jfsf]
kxn / lg0f{odf k|f}9x?sf] ckgTj nufPtsf 5g . h;df klxnf] # j6f v'l8snf]nfO{ ;xefuLtf gePsf]
cj:yf dflgG5 eg] kl5Nnf % j6fnfO{ u'0f:tl/o ;xefuLtf dflgG5 .
$=! o'jf ;xefuLtfsf nfuL s]xL cfwf/
o'jfsf] u'0f / k|s[tL ljlzi6 x'g] ePsf]n] o'jf ;xefuLtsf nfuL plrt jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ul/g' cfjZos
x'G5 .14 o'jf ;xefuLtfn] o'jfdf ljifo k|lt ckgTj a9fpF5, plgx?nfO{ lhDd]jf/ eP/ s[oflzn x'gsf]
nfuL 9f]sf vf]Nb5 . o'jfdf x'g] ;[hglzntf, kl/jt{g k|ltsf] rfxfgfn] ;sf/fTds / lbuf] kl/jt{gnfO{
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k|Zgx?n] o'jf ;xefuLtf a9fpgsf] nfuL plrt jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf x'g ;S5 elgG5 .
s] o'jfsf nfuL 5gf]6sf] cj;/ 5 <
14
The Big red book: A handbook and directory for people who work with young people in the ACT youth
coalition of the ACT version 4 August 2008 (www.youthcoalition.net) adapted from the australian youth
foundation www.youngaustralians.org

7. s] of] /rgfTds / dgf]/h+s 5 <
s] of] ;fGb{les 5 <
s] o;n] ljsf;sf] k|s[ofnfO{ ;3fpF5 <
s] of] z}lIfs 5 <
s] o;n] o'jf ljrdf ;xsfo{ a9fpF5 <
s] o'jfsf nfuL ;xof]u, ;'kl/j]If0f / cgu'dgsf] sfo{s|d 5g <
o;n] o'jfnfO{ s] kmfO{bf k'/ofpF5 <
c:6]|lnog o'jf kmfp08];gsf cg';f/ o;sf ;fy} o'jf ;xefuLtf dfq kof{Kt x'b}+g o'jfnfO{ ;xefuL x'g
klg cfjZos Ifdtf clej[4Lsf cj;/x?sf] h?/L x'G5 . cem dxTjk'0f{ s'/f s] o'jfx? cfkm'nfO{ dxTj
lbOPsf] cg'ej u5{g eGg] k|Zg dxTjk'0f{ x'G5 .
%= g]kfndf o'jf zxefuLTff
g]kfndf o'jfnfO{ gLltut / sfo{s|lds :t/df ;dfj]z u/]sf] Oltxf; TolQ nfdf] 5}g . g]kfn clw/fHosf]
;+ljwfg @)!( df o'jfnfO{ jlu{o ;+u7gsf] ?kdf o'js ;+u7g leq /flvPsf] lyof] . /fhgLlts bn /
ltgsf ultljwL dfyL k|ltaGw nufO{Psf] pQm ;dodf To; ;+u7gn] o'jfx?sf] ;du| lxt eGbf klg
k+rfotL Joj:yfsf] jsfnt / zfifsx?sf] lxtdf cfkmgf] sfo{s|dx?nfO{ cuf8L a9fPsf] lyof] . o:tf
ultljwLsf] g]t[Tjdf tTsflng /fh kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? / pRr /fhgLlts kx'Fr ePsfx?sf] dfq
;xefuLtf x'g] ePsf]n] To;df cfd o'jfx?sf] zxefuLtf lyPg . oBkL @)@* b]vL @)#^ ;fn ;Dd
;+rflnt /fli6|o ljsf; ;]jf sfo{s|dn] o'jf / ljwfyL{nfO{ u|fld0f ljsf;df of]ubfg k'/ofpg] cj;/ k|bfg
u/of] t/ tTsflng k+rfotL zfifg Joj:yfsf] lj?4df o'jfx? ls|oflzn ePsf] cfz+sfdf To; sfo{s|dn]
lg/Gt/tf kfpg ;s]g .
k+rfotL zfifg Joj:yfdf o'jfnfO{ al9 v]ns'bsf s[ofsnfkdf zxefuL u/fpg' k5{ eGg] cjwf/0ffsf
sf/0f o'jf zxefuLtfsf ljifodf 3lge't 5nkmn x'g ;s]g . csf{]lt/ lzlIft o'jfx? /fhgLlts
cfGbf]ngdf ;s[o ePsf sf/0f o'jf zxefuLTff cGo cfofdx?df 5nkmn x'g kfPg .
/f'h/ xf6{n] JofVof u/]sf o'jf zxefuLtfsf ljleGg * r/0fx?nfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Gb{edf x]g{] xf] eg] pgn]
eg] h:tf] kl/rflnt ug{], zxefuLtfsf] gfddf 8]sf]/]l6e lk;sf] ?kdf /fVg] / k|f}9x?n] u/]sf] lg0f{o
sfof{Gjogdf al9 e'ldsf lbPsf] b]lvG5 .
d'n ?kdf zxefuLtfsf] k|Zgdf zflGt k|s[of / lbuf] ljsf;df o'jfx?nfO{ zxefuL u/fpg] s'/f /fli6|o
o'jf gLltdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . t/, pko'Qm ;+/rgf / sfo{s|dsf] cefjdf ;xefuLtf clxn] k|efjsf/L
?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lqjlif{o cGtl/d of]hgf15, lqjlif{o of]hgfsf] cfwf/ kq / lqjlif{o
15
http://www.unpei.org/PDF/Nepal-3-year-interim-plan-eng.pdf

8. of]hgfn] klg o'jf zxefuLtf j[4L ug{] nIo lnPsf] 5 . t/ o'jf zxefuLtf j[4Lsf] nfuL pko'Qm
sfo{of]hgf / sfo{s|dsf] cefjdf nIox?n] d"t{ ?k kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . cGtl/d of]hgfdf o'jfsf]
zxefuLtf ePsf sf/0f To;df o'jfsf cfsf+Iffx? s]xL xb ;Dd k|ltljlDjt ePsf 5g . t/, cGtl/d
of]hgfsf] hudf ag]sf To;kl5sf sfo{S|dx?n] o'jfsf] cy{k'0f{ ;xefuLtf clej[4L ug{ eg] ;s]gg .
/fli6|o o'jf gLltn] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] /fli6|o o'jf kl/ifb aGg] clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 . t/ /fli6|o o'jf
gLltd} pNn]v eP cg';f/ o'jf kl/ifbdf /fhgLlts bnsf eft[;+u7gsf k|ltlgwLx? /xg] eGg] k|fjwfgn]
k|:tfljt kl/ifbnfO{ /fli6|o v]ns'b kl/ifbnfO{ h:t} /fhgLlts/0f ug{sf] nfuL af6f] v'nf u/]sf] 5 eg]
/fhgLlts ;+u7gdf c;+nUg o'jfsf] nfuL zxefuL x'g] 9f]sf aGb u/]sf] 5 .
cy{ dGqfnon] lgdf0f{ u/]sf] g]kfn ljsf; /0fgLlts kqsf]16 ^=& a'bfFdf o'jfsf] clxn]sf] cj:Yffsf] af/]df
ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . h;df o'jfsf] ;xefuLtf Go'g /x]sf] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o'jf ;xefuLtsf
j[4Lsf] nfuL cfjZos /0fgLltsf] lgdf0f{ / gofF of]hgfx?sf] z'?jft ug{'kg{] s'/f pQm /0fgLlts kqdf
;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
:yflgo ljsf;df o'jf zxefuLtfsf] nfuL ;+zf]lwt :yflgo ljsf; lgodfjnLn] o'jfx?nfO{ ;xefuLtf
u/fpg] eGg] klxnfsf] k|:tfjnfO{ x6fPsf] 5 .17 k|To]s jif{ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfsf] ljsf;sf]
nfuL g]kfn ;/sf/n] ah]6 dfkm{t lglZrt /sd 5'6ofpg] u/]sf] 5 . ah]6sf] cfsf/ k|To]s jif{ al9/x]sf]
kfO{G5 . :yflgo :t/df o'jf ;xefuLtf a9fpgsf] nfuL :yflgo ah]6 lalgof]hg / of]hgf lgdf0f{sf]
k|s[ofdf o'jfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpgsf] nfuL :yflgo lgsfo ;+rfng lgb{]lzsf @)^% @)^^ df o'jfnfO{ klg
;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ?kdf /flvPsf] 5 . t/ Tof] lgb{]lzsf @)^& @)^* df ;+zf]wg x'bfF o'jfnfO{ x6fOPsf] 5 .
/fli6|o o'jf gLltn] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] o'jf zxefuLtf a9fpgsf] nfuL o'jf dGqfno dfq geO{ cGo
;/f]sf/jfnf dGqfno / lgsfosf gLlt, sfo{s|d / of]hgfdf klg o'jf zxefuLtf a9fpgsf] nfuL s|lds
?kdf ;'wf/sf of]hgfx? Af9fpg' kg{] b]lvG5 .
%=! o'jf ;xefuLtfsf nfuL cj;/x?
g]kfndf gLltut ?kdf o'jf ;xefuLtfsfnfuL ePsf k|oTgx?sf afah'b klg o'jfnfO{ cem al9 Go'g
pkof]u ePsf] cj:yfdf k'/ofPsf] 5 .18 gLlt lgdf0f{df o'jfsf] k|efjsf/L ;xefuLtfsf nfuL ug{'kg{] w]/}
afsLF eP klg :yflgo b]vL /fli6|o :t/df ;Dd o'jf ;xefuLtfsf nfuL cj;/x? a9b} u}/x]sf 5g .
g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljleGg bft[ lgsfosf] kxndf ;DkGg e}/x]sf] LGCPD kl/of]hgfdf o'jfnfO{ :yflgo
:t/df ;xefuLtf u/fpg' kg{] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .19 o; afx]s /]8 s|;, :sfp6, o'jf ;+:yfx?,
nfO{G; Sna, /f]6/fS6 Snax? h:tf ;+:yfx?n] o'jfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpgsf] nfuL s]xL cj;/x?sf] ;[hgf
ul//x]sf 5g . of] ;+u} ;+o'Qm /fi6| ;+3n] youth advisory panel gfds ;+/rgf agfPsf] 5 .
h;df o'jfnfO{ ;xefuL x'g] s]xL cj;/x? 5g .
16
www.mof.gov.np (A Paper for Discussion at the Nepal Development Forum Stakeholders’ Consultation
Meeting)
17
Youth Meet " All different all equal" report prepared by AYON says that the village development directives
has considered youth as a partner and beneficiaries
18
YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT IN NEPALCOUNTRY ANALYSIS, 2011
19
AYON is conducting research on youth participation in LGCPD project

9. ^= o'y aNh20M
hd{gsf ;fdflhs cWo]tf u'Ggf/ x]G;gn] klxnf] k6s o'y aNhsf] cjwf/0ffnfO[ !(() sf] dWo lt/ k|of]u
u/]sf lyP . cd]/LsL /fhgLlt zfiqL u]/L km'n]/ / Hofs uf]N8:6f]gn] o;nfO{ cem km/flsnf] tl/sfn]
AofVof u/]sf 5g . x]G;gsf cg';f/, ha s'g} klg b]zdf !% b]vL @( jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf] dflg;sf] ;+Vof
#) of Tof] eGbf al9 x'G5 TofxfF åGå x'g] ub{5 . o'jfx? cfkmgf] klxrfg, k|lti7f, cj;/sf] nfuL l;ldt
>f]tdf k|ltZkwf{ ug{'kg{] x'gfn] åGå x'g] ub{5 . x]G;gsf cg';f/ Oltxf;df ePsf k|fo åGåx?, hnjfo'
kl/jt{gx?sf] sf/0f klg olx xf] . ljZjdf hlt klg b]zdf clxn] åGå e}/x]sf] 5, lt ;Dk'0f{ b]zdf !% b]vL
@( jif{ pd]/sf o'jfsf] hg;+Vof s'n hg;+Vofsf] lt; k|ltzt eGbf al9 5 .
^=! g]kfndf o'y aNhM
g]kfnsf] ;Gb{edf s'/f ubf{ !^ b]vL @( jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf] hg;+Vof @^=% k|ltzt 5 . t/ ;/sf/n] o'jf
dfg]sf] !^—$) eg] #*=* k|ltzt 5g . s]xL tYof+sn] eg] #@ k|ltzt o'jf 5g eg]sf] 5 . lo
tYof+sx?nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ g]kfn o'y aNhsf] glhs k'Ug nfu]sf] 5 . ljutdf ePsf] h:tf] åGå km]/L klg
gbf]xf]l/cf]; eGgsf nfuL o'jfnfO{ plrt cj;/ / ;xefuL u/fO{g' kb{5 .
&= o'jfsf] e'ldsf
o'jfsf ljrdf x'g] clw+sfz 5nkmnx? o'jfsf clwsf/d} al9 s]lGb|t x'g] ub{5g . h:tf] o'jfsf nfuL
/fHon] s] s] ul/g'k5{ eGg] ljifodf w]/} 5nkmnx? x'g] u/]sf 5g . t/ o'jf cfkm}n] s] ug{ ;S5g eGgsf
nfuL xfd|f ljut Oltxf;nfO{ x]/] k'U5 . clxn] ;Dd g]kfndf ePsf ;a} vfnsf hg;+3if{sf] cu|efudf
g]kfnL o'jf g} lyP / 5g . t/ kl/jt{gnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{] s|ddf g]t[Tj lngaf6 o'jfx? r'Sg] u/]sf 5g .
/fHonfO{, ;/sf/nfO{ / Joj:yfnfO{ ufnL u/]/ dfq} slxNo} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'b}+g . g]kfnL o'jfsf]
clxn]sf] Pp6f k|d'v ;d:ofsf] ?kdf cfkmgf] :ki6 lehg gx'g', :ki6 ;kgf g'x'g' / Tof] lehgnfO{ xfl;n
ug{sf] nfuL :ki6 of]hgf gx'g' klg xf] .21
olta]nf o'jfx?n] Joj:yf, JolQ / ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf u/]/ dfq ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;Sb}g . plgx?n]
;[hglzn ;f]rsf ;fy JolQut, ;fdflhs / /fli6«o of]hgf agfP/, agfpg ;xof]u k'/ofP/ cfkmgf]
e'ldsf lgjf{xf ug{ ;S5g . o'jfsf] ;xefuLtfsf nfuL klxnf] sbd o'jfn] g} rfNg' kg{] x'G5 .22
20
www.cfr.org/...youth-bulge.../p13093
http://www.slideshare.net/LUXdebat/powerpoint-presentatie-gunnar-heinsohn
21
http://www.facebook.com/home.php#!/groups/172288170057?view=doc&id=10150719668735058
22
Badri Koirala, Under secretary National planning commission speaking during AYON's 6th AGM