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…we didn’t think we were fighting
     to save the world…




     A NECESSARY WAR
      Essential Questions:
      • How did the U.S. enter World War II?

      • What was the Lend-Lease Act?

      • How did the events of Pearl Harbor impact the
      nation?
Neutrality Reconsidered
    After the attack on Poland

    Roosevelt revised the
    Neutrality Acts of 1935

    He began to prepare the

    nation for the war he saw
    coming

    He convinced Congress to

    pass a “cash-and-carry”
    provision that allowed warring
    nations to buy U.S. arms as
    long as they paid cash and
    transported them in their own
    ships

    Isolationists attacked

    Roosevelt for his actions
Too Little, Too Late
                      The “cash-and-carry” policy was
                  
                      too late
                          By 1940 France had fallen and
                      
                          Britain was under siege


                      Americans were stunned to hear
                  
                      that Germany, Italy, and Japan
                      had signed a mutual defense
                      treaty, known as the Tripartite
                      Pact
                          They became known as the Axis
                      
                          Powers


                      The Pact was aimed at keeping
                  
                      the U.S. out of the war
                          If the U.S. declared war on any
                      
                          nation it would face its worst
                          military nightmare
                              A war in both the Atlantic and
                          
                              Pacific
A Storm on the Horizon
    Nazi victories

    convinced Congress to
    boost military spending

    Congress passed the

    first peacetime military
    draft

    Known as the Selective

    Training and Service
    Act

    16 million men ages 21

    to 35 were registered
FDR is Reelected
                   In 1940 Roosevelt broke
               
                   precedent and ran for a third
                   term

                   His opponent was Wendell
               
                   Willkie

                   The two men both agreed on
               
                   aiding Britain and promised to
                   keep the U.S. out of the war

                   The voters re-elected
               
                   Roosevelt with 55% of the
                   vote
The Arsenal of Democracy
    After the election

    Roosevelt told his
    radio audience during
    a fireside chat that it
    would not be possible
    to negotiate peace
    with Hitler

    He warned if Britain

    fell that the “Americas
    would be living at the
    point of a gun”
Lend-Lease Act
                     Britain was broke
                 



                     Roosevelt proposed
                 
                     that the U.S. lend or
                     lease arms to “any
                     country whose
                     defense was vital to
                     the United States”

                     Isolationists hated it
                 
                     but the American
                     public supported it
Supporting Stalin
    In June 1941 Hitler

    broke his agreement
    with Stalin and
    invaded the Soviet
    Union

    Roosevelt began

    sending lend-lease
    supplies to the Soviet
    Union
        “the enemy of my
    
        enemy is my friend”
FDR Plans For War
                  Atlantic Charter
              
                      Roosevelt and Churchill met
                  
                      secretly aboard the USS
                      Augusta
                      Both pledged similar war aims
                  
                          Collective security,
                      
                          disarmament, self-
                          determination, economic
                          cooperation, and freedom of
                          the seas


                  The Atlantic Charter became
              
                  the basis of a new document
                  called “A Declaration of the
                  United Nations”
                      It was signed by 26 nations…
                  
                      “four-fifths of the human race”
Pearl Harbor
    Shortly after Hideki Tojo became


    Prime Minister of Japan he met with
    the Emperor, Hirohito
        Promised to protect the Japanese
    
        Empire


    The U.S. had broke the Japanese


    communication codes and knew an
    attack was coming
        They didn’t know where or when
    



    On December 6, 1941 Roosevelt


    receives decoded Japanese
    message that instructed Japan’s
    peace envoy to the U.S. to reject all
    American proposals


    Roosevelt knew “this means war”

The Attack
                 The next morning Pearl Harbor
             
                 was attacked

                 The largest naval base in the
             
                 Pacific

                 180 Japanese aircraft launched
             
                 from 6 aircraft carries attacked
                     The Japanese killed 2,403
                 
                     Americans
                     21 ships were sunk
                 
                     300 aircraft were damaged or
                 
                     destroyed


                 Only 3 aircraft carries out at sea
             
                 survived
The Reaction
    The next day Roosevelt

    addressed Congress

    Congress quickly approved

    Roosevelt’s request for a
    declaration of war

    Three days later Germany and

    Italy declared war on the United
    States

    More than anything else Pearl

    Harbor destroyed the
    cause/policy of Isolationism

    An all out American effort against

    the Axis powers was now nearly
    universally supported

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A Necessary War

  • 1. …we didn’t think we were fighting to save the world… A NECESSARY WAR Essential Questions: • How did the U.S. enter World War II? • What was the Lend-Lease Act? • How did the events of Pearl Harbor impact the nation?
  • 2. Neutrality Reconsidered After the attack on Poland  Roosevelt revised the Neutrality Acts of 1935 He began to prepare the  nation for the war he saw coming He convinced Congress to  pass a “cash-and-carry” provision that allowed warring nations to buy U.S. arms as long as they paid cash and transported them in their own ships Isolationists attacked  Roosevelt for his actions
  • 3. Too Little, Too Late The “cash-and-carry” policy was  too late By 1940 France had fallen and  Britain was under siege Americans were stunned to hear  that Germany, Italy, and Japan had signed a mutual defense treaty, known as the Tripartite Pact They became known as the Axis  Powers The Pact was aimed at keeping  the U.S. out of the war If the U.S. declared war on any  nation it would face its worst military nightmare A war in both the Atlantic and  Pacific
  • 4. A Storm on the Horizon Nazi victories  convinced Congress to boost military spending Congress passed the  first peacetime military draft Known as the Selective  Training and Service Act 16 million men ages 21  to 35 were registered
  • 5. FDR is Reelected In 1940 Roosevelt broke  precedent and ran for a third term His opponent was Wendell  Willkie The two men both agreed on  aiding Britain and promised to keep the U.S. out of the war The voters re-elected  Roosevelt with 55% of the vote
  • 6. The Arsenal of Democracy After the election  Roosevelt told his radio audience during a fireside chat that it would not be possible to negotiate peace with Hitler He warned if Britain  fell that the “Americas would be living at the point of a gun”
  • 7. Lend-Lease Act Britain was broke  Roosevelt proposed  that the U.S. lend or lease arms to “any country whose defense was vital to the United States” Isolationists hated it  but the American public supported it
  • 8. Supporting Stalin In June 1941 Hitler  broke his agreement with Stalin and invaded the Soviet Union Roosevelt began  sending lend-lease supplies to the Soviet Union “the enemy of my  enemy is my friend”
  • 9. FDR Plans For War Atlantic Charter  Roosevelt and Churchill met  secretly aboard the USS Augusta Both pledged similar war aims  Collective security,  disarmament, self- determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seas The Atlantic Charter became  the basis of a new document called “A Declaration of the United Nations” It was signed by 26 nations…  “four-fifths of the human race”
  • 10. Pearl Harbor Shortly after Hideki Tojo became  Prime Minister of Japan he met with the Emperor, Hirohito Promised to protect the Japanese  Empire The U.S. had broke the Japanese  communication codes and knew an attack was coming They didn’t know where or when  On December 6, 1941 Roosevelt  receives decoded Japanese message that instructed Japan’s peace envoy to the U.S. to reject all American proposals Roosevelt knew “this means war” 
  • 11. The Attack The next morning Pearl Harbor  was attacked The largest naval base in the  Pacific 180 Japanese aircraft launched  from 6 aircraft carries attacked The Japanese killed 2,403  Americans 21 ships were sunk  300 aircraft were damaged or  destroyed Only 3 aircraft carries out at sea  survived
  • 12. The Reaction The next day Roosevelt  addressed Congress Congress quickly approved  Roosevelt’s request for a declaration of war Three days later Germany and  Italy declared war on the United States More than anything else Pearl  Harbor destroyed the cause/policy of Isolationism An all out American effort against  the Axis powers was now nearly universally supported