This document discusses nanopharmacology and nanomedicine. It begins with definitions of nanoscience and how nanopharmacology studies drug interactions at the nanoscale level. The goals of nanopharmacology include improved drug delivery and targeting to increase safety and efficacy. Nanomedicine applies nanotechnology for medical treatment and diagnosis using nanoparticles, nanodevices, and nanorobots. Some applications highlighted include cancer treatment, contrast agents for MRI, nervous system tracking, drug dispersion, and artificial antibodies. Overall, the document outlines how nanotechnology at the molecular level can transform medical procedures to make them faster and more accurate.

1. Nanopharmacology
and
Nanomedicine
Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm., Ph. D.
Director and Professor
KLE College of Pharmacy,
NIPANI-591 237, Karnataka, India.
E-mail: nanjwadebk@gmail.com
Cell No: 0091 9742431000
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2. Nanotechnology map
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3. Nanoscience
• Nanoscale has different definitions in different
scientific fields such as 1-100 nanometers in
physics and chemistry, 0.1-100 nm in some early
monograghs and 1-1000 nm in biomedicine
literatures.
• The bottom up assemble with atoms one by one
• 100 nm (or below) particles at bone marrow,
• 100-200 nm particles at reticular epithelial
systems.
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4. Nanopharmacology
• Nanopharmacology, a new branch of
pharmacology is gradually emerging with the
application of nanoscience and nanotechnology
in the field of nanomedicine.
• The interactions between traditional drugs and
physiological systems at nanoscle level.
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5. Nanopharmacology
Drug design and drug delivery to
selected targets to improve
pharmacodynamics and kinetic profiles
toward safer and effective treatment is
known as nanopharmacology.
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6. Categorized Nanopharmacology
• Defining targets
• Development of drugs and carrier systems
• Studying target–drug interactions
• Monitoring the target–drug interaction
outcomes
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7. Defining targets
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8. Development of drugs and carrier
systems
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9. Studying target–drug
interactions
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• Pharmacokinetic interactions
– Absorption
– Distribution
– Biotransformation
– Excretion
• Pharmacodynamic interactions
– Receptor interaction
– Receptor sensitivity
– Neurotransmitter release/Drug transportation
– Electrolyte balance
• Pharmaceutical interactions

10. Studying target–drug
interactions
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Usually, the binding sites of macromolecules are more
hydrophobic in nature than the surface, and so this enhances the
effect of an ionic interaction.
The drop off in ionic bonding strength with separation is less than
in other intermolecular interactions, so if an ionic interaction is
possible, it is likely to be the most important initial interaction as
the drug enters the binding site.

11. Quantitative systems
pharmacology
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12. Monitoring the target–drug
interaction outcomes
1) Loss of therapeutic effect
2) Toxicity
3) Unexpected increase in pharmacological
activity
4) Beneficial effects e.g additive & potentiating
(intended) or antagonism (unintended).
5) Chemical or physical interaction
e.g I.V incompatibility in fluid or syringes
mixture
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13. Nanopharmacology features
1. Using nanoscale tools, such as scanning probe
microscopy.
2. Studying particulate drugs, especially the
nanoparticulate drugs.
3. Studying the influences of the nanoparticulate
properties of nano drug carriers on the therapeutic
effects of drugs that they carry.
4. Nanopharmacology theories will provide instructions
for the bottom up assemble of nanodrugs with atoms
one by one.
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14. Nanopharmacology Target
• Slow release nanopharmacology
• Controlled release nanopharmacology
• Bio barrier penetration nanopharmacology
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15. Slow release nanopharmacology
• The slow-release nanopharmacology studies
the question on how to realize the slow release
and the influences of slow release on the drug
metabolisms and the therapeutic effects.
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16. Slow release nanopharmacology
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17. Controlled release
nanopharmacology
• The controlled-release nanopharmacology
studies how to realize the smart release of the
drugs according to the therapeutic needs in
the cellular and tissue microenvironments.
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18. Bio barrier penetration
nanopharmacology
• Bio-barrier-penetration nanopharmacology
studies the capabilities of nanodrugs to passing
through bio-barriers.
• Blood-brain barrier
• Air-blood barrier
• To realize the treatment of some focal diseases
where the traditional drugs can’t arrive because
their incapability of penetrate biobarriers.
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19. Transport of molecules across the BBB
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20. Air-blood barrier
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21. The perfect drug!
Reality
• All drugs have side effects but new drugs aim to
provide beneficial effects with minimal side effects
How is this achieved?
1. Identify new molecules
2. Modify structure of know molecules
• Test in biological tissue or whole body
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22. Nanotechnology – based drug
delivery Systems
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23. Nanomedicine
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24. Definition of Nanomedicine
• Nanomedicine is the one of the most valuable medical
application of nanotechnology as the name specifies
naomedicine involves the use of nano particles in the
surgical and medical treatement of pateints.
OR
• We can say nanomedicine is the nanotechnology
application which is used for engineering or binding
molecular or atomic machines for the treatment of
diseases in living organisms.
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25. Nanomedicine
– Nanomedicine is nanotechnology used for
the treatment, diagnosis, monitoring and
control of biological systems
– Nanomedicine includes the delivery and
targeting of pharmaceutical, therapeutic,
and diagnostic agents using nanoparticles
to cancer and other cells
– Nanomedicine includes nanomaterial for
bone, cartilage, vascular, bladder and
neural applications
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26. Background
• Nanomedicine is the monitoring, repair,
construction, and control of human biological
systems at the molecular level using
engineered nanodevices and nanostructures.
• Nanomedicine, including nanodiagnostics,
nanotherapeutics, and the development of
nanomedical devices.
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27. How nanomedicine works?
• Nanomedicine works at a molecular or
atomic scale.
• The most advanced form of nanomedicine uses
the nanorobots and nanoinstruments as
surgeons.
• Nanomedicine repair damaged cells or get into
the cells and replace or assist damaged
intracellular structures at individual stage.
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28. Goals of Nanomedicine
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• End goal of nanomedicine is improved diagnostics, treatment and
prevention of disease

29. Goals of Nanomedicine
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• Ultimate goal is to integrate detection, diagnostics, treatment and
prevention of disease into a personalized single platform

30. Recent and future
breakthroughs in medicine
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• Nanotechnology holds key to a number of recent and future
breakthroughs in medicine

31. Cancer Treatments
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• Because of their small size,
nanoparticles can pass through
interstitial spaces between necrotic
and quiescent cells.
• Tumor cells typically have larger
interstitial spaces than healthy cells
• Particles collect in center bringing
therapeutics to kill the tumor from
inside out.

32. Nanoparticles as Sensors and
Therapeutics
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• Glutathione (GSH) provides a selective and tunable release
mechanism
• Once inside cells, fluorophores and drugs selectively dissociate

33. Nanoparticle Success
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• Both cationic and anionic particles penetrate and accumulate
in tumors.
• However, only cationic particles diffuse fully throughout the
tumor.

34. Types of contrast agents used
for MRI
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35. Contrast agents used for MRI
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36. Advantages and applications
• Diagnosis using nanomedicine
• Nervous system tracking
• Drugs dispersion
• Artificial antibodies.
• One of the biggest advantage of
naonoemdicne is that it can transform
common medical procedures into faster
one with 90 percent accuracy rate.
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37. Diagnosis using nanomedicine
• Diagnostic nano-apparatus could be attached
to keep check of the internal chemistry of the
body.
• Mobile nanorobots, with wireless transmitters,
could easily circulate in the blood and lymph
systems and send out alerts when chemical
imbalances appear within the blood.
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38. Drugs and contrast agents
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39. Detection of Cancer
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Breast Cancer Cells Healthy Cells
• On the left, cancer cells fluorescence.
• On the right, healthy cells show minimal fluorescence.

40. Nervous system tracking
• Nanomedicine has also helped doctors to
better understand the phenomenal changes in
the human nervous systems.
• Fixed nanomachines could be inserted in the
nervous system of the human body to monitor
pulse rate, brain activity, and other important
functions.
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41. Drugs dispersion
• Live saving drugs are one of the important
ingredients in the latest medicines but its
unusual and excess usage could cause death.
• Nanomedicine also has successful applications for
the reduction of extra drugs from human body.
• Implantation of nanomedicine devices could
disperse drugs or hormones as required in people
with chronic imbalance or deficiency states.
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42. Nanomedicine platform for
targeted drug delivery
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43. Artificial antibodies
• Nanomedicine was the first to conceptualize the
artificial red and white blood cells and later on it
successfully showed the positive results.
• Cancer patients are now treated by injecting
artificial red blood cells to balance the human
body blood level.
• Artificial antibodies, white & red blood cells and
antiviral nanorobots could be considered as
successful applications of nanomedicine.
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44. Nanorobots
• Imagine going to the doctor to get treatment for
a persistent fever.
• Instead of giving a pill or a shot, the doctor
refers you to a special medical team which
implants a tiny robot into your bloodstream.
• The robot detects the cause of your fever, travels
to the appropriate system and provides a dose of
medication directly to the infected area.
• To treat everything from hemophilia to cancer.
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45. Nanorobots
• A viable nanorobot has to be small enough to
navigate through the human circulatory
system, an incredibly complex network of
veins and arteries.
• The nanorobot must also have the capacity to
carry medication or miniature tools.
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46. Nanorobot
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47. Advantages of Nanoscale
devices in Medicine
• Devices smaller than 50 nm can easily
enter most cells
• Devices smaller than 20 nm can transit
out of blood vessels
• Devices are capable of holding
thousands of small molecules
• Contrast Agents
• Drugs
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48. Major Areas of Development
of Nanomedicine
• Prevention and control
• Early detection
• Imaging diagnostics
• Multifunctional Therapeutics
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49. Medicines research
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50. Thank Youe-mail: nanjwadebk@gmail.com
Cell No: 0091 9742431000
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