1. Superconductivity in Electric
Power Sector
Submitted by- Submitted to-
Ashish Soreng Dr. Abhimanyu Mohapatra
7th Sem, 0901106140
Dr. Ranjan Kumar Jena
Electrical Engg.
3. Introduction
Superconductors are broadly viewed as materials which have
negligible resistance to the flow of electricity under low
temperature conditions .
The phenomenon of superconductivity was first observed in
mercury by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in
1911
Discovery of High Temperature superconductors in 1986
reignited interest in superconducting Power application
because of lower cooling costs.
4. What is Superconductivity?
Superconductivity is a phenomenon observed in several
metals and ceramic materials. When these materials are
cooled to temperatures ranging from near absolute zero
( 0 K, -2730 C) to liquid nitrogen temperatures ( 77 K,
-1960 C), their electrical resistance drops with a jump down
to zero.
The temperature at which
electrical resistance is zero is
called the critical temperature (Tc)
5. Types of Superconductors Used
Low Temperature
Superconductors (LTS)
Ex- Nb3Sn, Nb3Ge
High Temperature
Superconductors (HTS)
Ex- YBCO
6. Shortcomings of LTS
Critical Temperatures are Very low
Cost of cooling is very high using Liquid Helium
For LTS TC < 20K
Advent of HTS
Comparatively higher critical Temperatures
HTS show superconductivity at or above −196 °C
(77 K) i.e. Temperature of Liquid Nitrogen
Liquid Nitrogen is 15 times cheaper than liquid
. Helium
9. Superconducting Magnetic Energy
Storage (SMES)
SMES is a device for storing and instantaneously discharging
large quantities of power.
It stores electric energy in the magnetic field generated by DC
current flowing through a coiled wire.
The SMES recharges within minutes
and can repeat the charge/discharge
sequence thousands of times without
any degradation of the magnet.
10. Components Of SMES System
Superconductor Coils
Power Conditioning System
Cryogenically Cooled Refrigerator
Vacuum Vessel
11. How Does It Work?
Stores Electric Energy in Magnetic Field
•Superconductors have zero resistance to DC electrical
current at low temperatures
Very low Ohmic heat dissipation
Energy stored within the coil is given by
14. Operation Of SMES System
Transmission Voltage is reduced to several hundred Volts
AC is converted into DC
DC Voltage charges the Superconducting Coil
The coil discharges and acts as a source of energy
when AC Network requires power boost
15. Advantages Of SMES
• Time Delay during charge and discharge is quite short
• Very High Power is available almost instantaneously
• Loss of power is less than other storage method
• High Reliability.
• Environmental friendly and highly efficient
16. Power Transmission Cables
Since 10% to 15% of generated electricity is dissipated in
resistive losses in transmission lines, the prospect of zero loss
superconducting transmission lines is appealing
In prototype superconducting transmission lines at
Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1000 MW of power can be
transported within an enclosure of diameter 40 cm.
17.
18. Transformers
HTS Transformer have low losses
Size and Weight are reduced by half.
HTS Transformer are cooled by Cryo Coolers rather than
dielectric flammable oil
=>No Threat Of Fire hazards
19. Fault Current Limiters
HTS Current Limiters Protects against disturbances such
as Power Surges due to Lightning or Accidents.
HTS coils absorb excess energy due to large pulse of
current within Milliseconds
HTS Current Limiters can effectively Limit the Current
spikes Circuit Breaker must handle.
20. Rotating Machines
Efficiency improvements near 1%
Decreased size and weight for equivalent ratings
Improved steady state and transient system performance
Reduced life-cycle costs
21. Conclusion
Further R&D is in progress to synthesize new
materials which might attain superconductivity at
even room temperatures
Such an invention can truly revolutionize the
modern world of electronics, power &
transportation