1. PEMANFAATAN BIOFUEL
SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR
ALTERNATIF
Unggul Priyanto
PTPSE-BPPT

2. World Peak-Oil & Proyeksi Produksi Indonesia
UNCERTAINTY DEPLETION

3. Potensi Energi Fosil Tahun 2005
19,3 miliar ton
185.8 TSCF
9.1 miliar
barel*)
CADANGAN
146132 juta ton58 miliar tonBatubara
622.95 TSCF384.7 TSCFGas
23
387 juta
barel
86.9 miliar
barel
Minyak
RASIO
CAD/PROD
(TAHUN)
PRODUKSI
SUMBER
DAYA
JENIS
ENERGI
FOSIL
*) Termasuk blok Cepu

4. 9.29 GW
4.80 kWh/m2/hari
49.81 GW
0.45 GW
27.00 GW
75.67 GW
SETARA
* Hanya di daerah Kalan - Kalbar
24.112 ton* e.q. 3 GW
untuk 11 tahun
Uranium (Nuklir)
0.0005 GW9.29 GWTenaga Angin
0.008 GW-Tenaga Surya
0.3 GW49.81 GWBiomass
0.084 GW0.45 GWMini/Micro Hydro
0.8 GW219.00 juta BOEPanas Bumi
4.2 GW845.00 juta BOETenaga Air
KAPASITAS
TERPASANG
SUMBER DAYA
ENERGI
NON FOSIL
Potensi Energi Non Fosil Tahun 2005

5. Kebijakan Energi Nasional
Energy Targets 2025 based on Presidential Decree 5, 2006
Nuclear
Biomass
Hydro
Solar
wind
Coal
Liquifaction
Gas
30%
Coal
33%
Oil
20%
Biofuel 5%
Geothermal 5%
others
7%
Biofuel will become at least 5%
of the total National Energy MIX 2025
Bio-fuel 5 %
Biomass, Nuclear,
Hydro, Solar, Wind 5 %
Coal Liquefaction 2 %
Geothermal 5 %

6. STRATEGI TRIPLE TRACK
DALAM KERANGKA PENGEMBANGAN BBN
Strategi
Triple
Track
Meningkatkan
pertumbuhan ekonomi
Menurunkan jumlah
pengangguran
Mengurangi
kemiskinan
P
E
N
G
E
M
B
A
N
G
A
N
B
B
N
Pro-Growth
Pro-Job
Pro-Poor

7. PEMANFAATAN BIOFUEL
SEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF

8. In accordance with type of plant it is made of and the
way it is processed , there are three types of biofuel
namely ,
1. Bio Ethanol
2. Bio Diesel
3. Pure Plant Oil
Definitions & Types
Biofuel
Biofuel didefinisikan bahan bakar hayati, dari
tumbuh-tumbuhan atau hewani.
The chemical and physical properties of biofuel
closely resemble to those of fossil fuel.

9. 5-20%
Crude bio-oil
Biodiesel
Solar/ diesel oilBioSolar
Diesel Engine: car, Genset
Coconut
palm Jathropa
PURE PLANT OIL(PPO ) and BIODIESEL
Raw materials for Biofuel
BIOETHANOL
Methanol+
Cassava mollases
Hydrolysis + Fermentation
Bioethanol ( 9% )
Dihedration
Bioethanol ( FG )
Gasolin Engine
PremiumBioPremiu
m
5-20%
Lignoselulosa
Pure Plant Oil
diesel oil

10. Development of Bioethanol plant at BPPT
Development and engineering of prototype plant for bioethanol at BPPT is carried out in
Balai Besar Teknologi Pati ( Center for Cassava Technology ) in ,Sulusuban , Lampung
This center has carried out research ,
development & engineering for application of
bioethanol as afuel since almost a quarter of
century ago
Bioethanol Plant with Cassava as
raw material
Hydrolysis
unit
Fermentation
unit
Distilation
unit
Dehydration
unit
Mashing
unit

11. Pengolahan
Bahan baku
Proses
Hidrolisis
Proses
Fermentasi
Proses
Distilasi
bubur
Ubi kayu
Gula
Pereduksi
(Glukosa)
Ubi kayu
Bioetanol
10 %
Bioetanol
95-96 %
Proses
Dehidrasi
FGE
(99,5%)
Molasses
Tebu
Proses Produksi FGE
Enzim amilase
Khamir

12. TahapanTahapan prosesproses ::
Pretreament :
Pencucian, penghancuran
Hidrolisis secara enzimatis (enzim amilase)
pati terkonversi menjadi gula sederhana
Fermentasi :
Menggunakan Khamir
Konversi gula menjadi bioetanol
Proses : batch
Semi sinambung
Sinambung
Distilasi :
Bioetanol 9 ~ 13% Bioetanol 95 %
Dehidrasi :
Bioetanol 95% Bioetanol > 99,5%
Bahan bergula
Bahan berpati

13. Biomass
Cellulose
+
Hemicellulose
+
Lignin
Hydrolysis
glucose
Xylose
Fermentation
Crude
Ethanol
Ethanol
Lignin
+
Waste
Fermentasi Etanol dari Bahan Berselulosa
Masalah :
• Mikroba yang umum digunakan (yeast) hanya mampu
memfermentasi glukosa menjadi etanol tapi tidak untuk
Xylose
Perlu dicari mikroba baru yang mampu
• Ikatan antara cellulose, hemicellulose dan lignin sukar
Dihidrolisis (dipecahkan) secara enzimatis Proses mahal

14. Perolehan etanol dari berbagai bahan mentah
*) 2½ kali panen per tahun.
781212562,5*)Ubi jalar
450018025Singkong
50256775Tebu
Liter/ha/thnLiter/ton
Perolehan alkohol
Hasil panen,
ton/ha/thn
Sumber
karbohidrat

15. Konversi Biomasa Menjadi Bioetanol
4:1250500Tetes 1000
12:190120-160Sagu 1000
2.5:1400600-700Jagung 1000
8:1125150-200Ubi Jalar 1000
6.5:1166.6250-300Ubi Kayu 1000
Biomasa
:
Bioetanol
Jumlah Hasil
Bioetanol (L)
Kandungan
Gula (Kg)
Biomasa (Kg)

16. 27,3827,3831,0331,0331,2431,2430,3930,39Fuel ConsumptionFuel Consumption
(L/jam)(L/jam)
180418041393,81393,81913,31913,31856,11856,1Force (N)Force (N)
40,0940,0930,9730,9742,5242,5241,2341,23Power (kW)Power (kW)
PertamaxPertamaxPremiumPremiumGasoholGasohol EE--2020GasoholGasohol EE--1010Bahan BakarBahan Bakar
Pengujian
dalam
keadaan
“idle”
2.002.041.28Nox (gr/km)
0.400.330.38THC (gr/km)
5.773.105.00CO (gr/km)
PertamaxPertamaxGasohol EGasohol E--1010PremiumPremiumParameterParameter
HasilHasil UjiUji EmisiEmisi KendaraanKendaraan BermotorBermotor

17. Lab Scale biodiesel
production (400 L)
Engineering design and fabrication of Biodiesel pilot plant , capacity
1.5 ton /day(Modularised, skid mounted and movable)
EPC Pilot Plant Biodiesel
capacity 8 ton/ day
EPC Pilot Plant Biodiesel
Cap. 3 ton/day , for field
trial in Desa Mandiri
Basic Design and Engineering
Biodiesel Plant Cap. 100 ton/ day
Development of BioDiesel Plant at BPPT
Development of prototype plant for Biodiesel are carried out step by strep at BPPT
Coops BPPT – Pemda
Riau , targeted operation
Dec 2006

18. Mechanism of
Transesterification Reaction
6.5 Kg
Glycerin
58 Kg
Biodiesel
0.60Kg
NaOH
6.78 Kg
Alcohol
60 Kg Oil
CH2-OH
CH2-OH
CH-OH
glycerol
CH2-OOC-R1
CH -OOC-R2
CH2-OOC-R3
+3R’OH
R1-COO-R’
R2-COO- R’
R3-COO- R’
+
Catalyst
At Temp
60 to 70˚C
Triglyceride + Alcohol Esters +

19. Rantai Produksi Biodiesel
Preparation
Washing
Distillation
Purification
CPO/CPO/
JarakJarak
Methanol
Katalis
Methanol
Produk
Drying
Glycerol
Produk samping
Trans-
esterification
BIODIESEL
Pabrik
Ekstraksi
Jarak
Pabrik
Kelapa
Sawit
Perkebunan Ekstraksi Pabrik Biodiesel

20. Application of Biodiesel for Transportation System
Product spesific
Test
socialization Laboratory TestRoad Test
Process production
& Automation
Product
Compliance to SNI
Various raw materials :
CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)
CPO off grade (FFA 5-20 %)
Waste CPO (FFA 20-70 %)
PFAD, CFAD (FFA > 70 %)
RBDPO
RBDPS
Used Cooking Oil
Jatropha Oil
Laboratory and field testing on automotive systems at BPPT
Road test for B-30 with range
distance of 2000 km and
20.000 km
Operational Test & Evaluation
carried out using B-10 for 23
BPPT operational bus , since
2004

21. Palm nuts
Palm Oil
Milling Plant Crude
Palm Oil
(CPO)
CPO Refinery
Plant
DIESEL Power
Plant
Refined
Palm Oil
as Fuel
Process Heat
Waste:
Palm nut shell
Palm kernel cake
By product : FFA (5-6% of
CPO fed) > for sale
Pemanfaatan Minyak Sawit/Pure Palm Oil sebagai
Bahan Bakar

22. Uji Coba Pengaruh Kecepatan Mesin terhadap Power
mesin untuk PPO 10% vs Solar
* Di uji oleh BTMP-BPPT
Attachment 1a - Performance Comparison
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 3750 4000 4250
Engine Speed (rpm)
Power(PS)
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
Torque(kg.m)
Power-NABATI. Power-SOLAR Torque-NABATI. Torque-SOLAR.

23. Uji Coba PPO 50-80% di PLTD
Medium Speed
LOKASI PEMBANGKIT: PLTD TALANG PADANG
Data Teknis.
Daya terpasang : 270 KW
Cylinder : 6
Cylinder bore : 200 mm
Stroke : 240 mm
Firing order :1-5-3-6-2-4-1
Engine speed : 750 rpm
Operation year : 1982

24. Spesific Fuel Consumption vs KWh pada Uji Coba di PLTD
Talang Padang
Pengaruh Break Horse Power Terhadap Spesific Fuel Consumption
0.3215
0.293
0.295
0.3205
0.297
0.3
0.304
0.32
0.29
0.295
0.3
0.305
0.31
0.315
0.32
0.325
90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230
(Kwh)
L/Kwh
Solar 100%, T= 40 C, visk= 3,86 cst
Solar 90% + PPO 10%, T=40 C, Visk= 4,68 cst
Solar 50% + PPO 50%, T= 70 C, Visk= 5,8 cst

25. Hasil Test Emisi pada PLTD
Gas
Analizer
-10,4212.93%
Karbon
Dioksida (CO2)
4
Gas
Analizer
-2,93.46ppm
Karbon
Monoksida (CO)
3
Spektro
fotometrik
8001,160.53mg/m3Sulfur Dioksida
(SO2)
2
Spektro
fotometrik
100032.626.5mg/m3Nitrogen
Dioksida (NO2)
1
MENLH/3/1
995
PPO
50%
HSD
Kep-13
Metoda
Analisa
Alat
Buku Mutu
Mesin 3
Satuan
Parameter
Analisis
No

26. Uji Coba PPO sebagai
Bio-kerosene
Kompor Sumbu Kompor Tekan
Blending PPO 10%, Kerosin 90% Blending PPO 75%, Kerosin 25%

27. KENDALA
Alternatif pembiayaan
Anggaran Pemerintah (Pusat
& Daerah); Investasi
asing
Tidak masuknya
Jarakpagar dalam
skema pembiayaan
perbankan
6. PENDANAAN
Daya saing industri
lebih baik
Diversifikasi ke produk non
subsidi & subsidi silang
untuk BBM bersubsidi
Fluktuasi harga CPO di
atas MOPS;
5. PASAR & NIAGA
Memberi iklim investasi
lebih baik;
memberi nilai
tambah di dalam
negeri
Industri pupuk & methanol
baru (termasuk di LN)
Pupuk & Methanol (untuk
Bio-diesel)
4. SARANA &
PRASARANA
Daya saing industri
lebih baik
Fasilitasi agar industri hilir
mengembangan hulu; re-
stripping process,
diversifikasi produk,
green diesel
Industri tidak terintegrasi
hulu-hilir; pilihan
teknologi proses &
produk
3. TEKNOLOGI &
BUDIDAYA
Memberi iklim investasi
lebih baik;
memberi nilai
tambah di dalam
negeri
Proses perijinan dibatasi
waktu penyelesaiannya
Tiadanya jadwal
penyelesaian proses
perijinan perolehan
lahan
2. LAHAN
KETERANGANUSULANKENDALAKELOMPOK

28. Thank You….