4. Grand corruption
corruption occurring at the highest levels of
government
enabling leaders to benefit at the expense of
the public good
countries without adequate policing of
corruption by anti-corruption agencies.
5. Petty corruption
occurs within established social frameworks
and governing norms
include exchange of small gifts or use of
personal connections
common in developing countries
6. Political Corruption
Use of power by government officials for
private gain
Misuse of government power for other
purposes, such as repression of political
opponents is not considered political
corruption
7. Different Sectors
Government/Public Sector
Legislative System (Political)
Executive System (Police)
Judiciary System
Corporate
Unions
Non-Government Organizations
9. Bribery
Common form of corruption
Improper use of gifts and favours in
exchange for personal gain
Include money, gifts, sexual favours,
company shares, entertainment,
employment and political benefits
10. Favouritism
Involve the favouring a friend, family
member or member of an association
Examples include choosing somebody for a
role they are not qualified for, regardless of
merit
11. Embezzlement, theft and fraud
Embezzlement and theft involve someone
with access to funds or assets illegally taking
control of them
Fraud involves using deception to convince
the owner of funds or assets to give them up
to an unauthorized party.
12. Tax evasion
An illegal practice where a person,
organization or corporation intentionally
avoids paying his/her/its true tax liability
Under-reporting income
Providing false information to the IRS about
business income or expenses
13. Facts
In 2012 India has ranked 94th out of 176
countries in Transparency International's
Corruption Perceptions Index**, Scoring 36
out of 100
A 2005 study conducted by Transparency
International found that more than 62% of
Indians had first-hand experience of paying
bribes or influence peddling to get jobs
done in public offices successfully
**The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries/territories based on how corrupt
a country’s public sector is perceived to be.
