29312434 how-to-prepare-a-synopsis-for-phd-research

AFTERSCHOOOL CENTRE FOR SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

HOW TO
PREPARE A
SYNOPSIS
FOR PHD
RESEARCH?
by :
DR. T.K. JAIN
AFTERSCHO☺OL
centre for social entrepreneurship
sivakamu veterinary hospital road
bikaner 334001 rajasthan, india
FOR – PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
mobile : 91+9414430763
I solicit your response / ideas / articles / comments / feedback – pl. Send it at afterschool@in.com
======================================================================


Now it has become a fashion that everyone wants to be have a Dr.  Added to his / her name. Every
one wants a PhD. However, a few know the pains it take to earn a Ph.D. A synopsis is the first
document to be prepared by the researcher. The sysnopsis is an outline of the proposed research
work. It must be prepared as per university guidelines. The aim of the research is to give the
researcher an opportunity to learn and show that you can identify, define and analyse problems and
issues and integrate knowledge.

The only precise rule on what constitutes an acceptable research  is that it should be an ordered
critical exposition, which affords evidence of reasoning power and knowledge of the relevant
literature in an approved field . The emphasis should be on applied research / basic research  and the
investigation of some practical problem or issue related to the situation in which an organisation or
system operates.

The researcher / scholar must ensure that they maintain regular contact with their supervisor and
also that they provide the supervisor with drafts of their work at regular intervals. Finally, to keep
yourself uptodate and under control as regards your research , it is imperative that you meet your
supervisor regularly.

1. DEFINITIONS AND OVERIEW OF research
The research  is a practical, indepth study of a problem, issue, opportunity, technique or procedure
– or some combination of these aspects of business. Typically, you will be required to define an area
of investigation, carve out research design, assemble relevant data, analyse the data, draw
conclusions and make recommendations. Your research  should demonstrate organisational,
analytical and evaluative skills, and, where appropriate, an ability to design a suitable
implementation and review procedure.

The Ph.D. research  is the longest (about 50,000 words) and most original piece of work you will
undertake. It will occupy, with varying degrees of commitment, a period of two semesters.


2. GUIDELINES AND REQUIREMENTS

The purpose of the research  is to give students the opportunity to carry out an indepth study of an
applied nature, synthesizing various elements, yet pursing one area of interest in depth. Your
research  report should make clear what you have attempted and why you have attempted it; the
methods that you have used to collect, collate and analyze the information obtained; and how you
have evaluated it. Any recommendations made should be supported by the evidence presented and
by logical argument using deductive and inductive reasoning. For a research  to be of a high quality
it is imperative to avoid detailed description devoid of analytical content. The assessment criteria
for the research  are vary from university to university. .

3. CHOOSING A TOPIC

Choosing your topic is probably the hardest thing you will do. The choice of topic is up to you,
with guidance from your supervisor, but, he/ she is not there to make the decision for you. To a
large extent, your ideas will be influenced by your situation.  If you are in employment you may be
able to research into a real life problem or, if you are not employed, you may choose a more general
business issue. In either case, initial ideas are likely to originate in a vague form and may lack a
clear focus. These then need to be developed into something manageable and practical by
consideration of available literature/ texts and discussion with your research  supervisors once
allocated.

3.1. Most research  ideas come from:

• Personal experience of employment: this is an obvious starting point for the research
because in every organisation there would be some issue that can be researched into. An
example of a research originating from this way could be an evaluation of the Training
Department of your organisation or an evaluation of the performance appraisal systems used
for salesmen in your organisation.

• Observation of events: Personal observation of events in the organisation/ environment can
serve as a starting point for a research  idea. An example of this could be that as an employee


you observe that the employee turnover in your organisation is very high and as your
research  you could research into the reasons for this and make suitable recommendations.

• Issues of current interest: Reviewing key issues of broader relevance may be another useful
indicator for a research idea. Specific consideration of the aspects of the effect of a
government policy or a phenomenon on the performance of an organisation/segment/system
may provide suitable ideas for a research . You need to take care when dealing with issues
such as these. It may be necessary to confine yourself to an aspect of the issue or you could
find yourself tackling something that is too big to handle effectively and gives you a very
wide research  area, which inevitably lacks depth of analysis.

Whatever the source of your research  idea, familiarity with the area is imperative for the
successful completion of the research .

4. SCOPE

An acceptable research  will normally fall into one of the following categories:

• Exploratory a study that involves carrying out original research in order to meet the
organization’s continual need for new information for forward decisionmaking. The main
issues may be human, economical, functional etc, but the construction and/or application of
some kind of research instrument are the focus of the study. The analysis of the research
findings (e.g. client’s responses to questionnaire about changing product specifications)
should take place, resulting in proposals about how to manage relevant aspects of the
organisation’s future.

• Explanatory a study, which would involve studying relationships between different
variables like a cause & effect relationship study.

• Descriptive a study that would need an indepth portrayal of an accurate profile of events or
situations from the business environment.

5. ORGANISATION OF SYNOPSIS AND DOCTORAL RESEARCH REPORT

This section presents some of the norms associated with a research . It is strongly recommended that
you follow these guidelines. The synospsis consists of the following parts :


1. introduction
2. importance of the proposed topic and objectives of the research
3. literature review
4. research methodology
5. expected contribution of the research and method of data analysis
6. expected limitations
7. proposed organistion of research work and schedule with time line
8. proposed organisation of the research report (chapterisation)
9. bibliography, references, questionnaire / schedule  / instruments
The final PhD disserttion  report should be presented in the following sequence:

 Title page
 Student’s Declaration
 Supervisor’s Certificate

 Abstract

 Acknowledgements

 Table of Contents:

 List of Tables

 List of figures

 List of Appendices

 Chapter 1. Introduction: This chapter includes the research problem, need for
study/significance of the research , objectives, hypotheses, methodology – scope, sample design,
sources of information, tools and techniques of analysis, structure of the study with sound
justifications/explanations.

 Chapter 2. Literature Review:  This chapter should reflect the student’s understanding of the
relevant theoretical and empirical background of the problem. Focus should be more on the
logical presentation of the empirical evolution of conceptual and methodological issues
pertaining to research problem. Also highlight the methodological clues drawn through this
review for your research .

 Chapter 3. The company/Organisation/System: This chapter should contain a brief historical


retrospect about the entity of your study.

 Chapter 4 & 5:  Present your data analysis and inferences

 Chapter 6. Summary and Conclusions: Gives an overview of the research , conclusions,
implications and recommendations.  Also specify the limitations of your study.  You may
indicate the scope for further research.

 Bibliography: List the books, articles, websites that are referred and useful for research on the
topic of your specific research .  Follow APA style of referencing or as per your university
requirements .

 Appendices

Your documents should be appropriately numbered. It is usual for Page 1 to start with the
Introduction. The sections prior to the Introduction are usually numbered with small Romans, i.e. i,
ii, iii. It is easier if appendices are numbered in a separate sequence (suggest A, B, C) rather than as
a continuation of the main report.

While presentation follows this sequence, it may be actually written in a very different order. For
example, the introduction is often the last major section to be completed.

5.1. Title Page (example)

Keep it very simple. Do not describe the contents.  Have a working title and then decide a final title
when you have finished the research . This is the standard format of the Title Page that every student
is expected to use.

5.2. Abstract

This is a summary of about 300 words (not more than one side of doublespaced A4) that
describes the topic; explains the aims and methods of the study and gives a brief resume of the main
conclusions and recommendations.

5.3. Acknowledgements


Here you have the opportunity to thank the various people who have helped in the development of
the research . It might include specific individuals who have given information, offered insights, or
generally been supportive. Gratitude may be expressed to groups of people, like those who were
studied, or fellow students. Try not to be too flippant or too “soppy”!

5.4. Table of Contents

The contents page gives the reader the first view of how the research  is structured and how the
author attempted to develop the topic. It lists sequentially the sections and major subdivisions of
the sections; each identified by a heading and located by a page number. The following box gives an
example.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS PAGE NUMBERS

List of Tables i
List of Figures ii

1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 16
3. THE COMPANY 25

4. DATA ANALYSIS & PRESENTATION 40
      4.1 Presentation and Analysis 40
      4.2 Interpretations             45

5. SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS 50

6. BIBLIOGRAPHY 60

7. APPENDICES                      65
        Appendix A – Organisational structure of XYZ  Ltd  66
        Appendix B 67

Your precise structure will have to be tailored to the needs of your own research s. If in doubt,


discuss with your research supervisor at an early stage.

5.5. List of Tables and Figures

Throughout the research , it is likely that you will want to present material in tabulated or
diagrammatic form. Some such presentations will bear only indirectly or partially on your
arguments, and in such cases you will need to decide about their proper location. Additional or less
relevant information may be better placed in an appendix.

Whether you decide to locate your tables/figures in the main body of the report or the appendices, it
is conventional to provide special “contents pages” so that readers can easily find the information.
Tables and figures should be listed on a separate page as shown below.

Examples of List of Tables

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
NUMBERS

I Redundancies in the Food Industry, by age, 1980-1987
3

II Employee’s Attitudes to Motivational Factors,
by occupation 6

III Employee’s Attitudes to Motivational Factors,

Examples of List of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURES PAGE NUMBER

I Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 5

II Vroom’s Expectancy Theory 10


5.6. Introduction

The introduction is crucial, since it sets the tone and context for the rest of the research . In the
introduction, it is important to outline the reasons behind the study – your motives or rationale for
conducting the study. You must give a broad introduction to the topic under review and types of
issues it raises.

Central to this part of the research  is the setting of clear objectives, which you intend to achieve by
the end of the study. Your statement of objectives should be concise and precise, and should be
carefully considered in the light of your original aims and what you have been able to achieve in
your study.

Finally, you should include a summary of how you are going to treat the chosen topic, running
briefly through the sections to show how the structure of the research  allows you to explore the
topic in your selected way.

5.7. The Main Body of the research

The structuring of the research  will reflect your preferences, so there is no one best way to do it.
However, there are predictable issues that need covering and your structure should permit you to
deal with them in an orderly fashion. For example, a research  will include a literature review; most
will involve the reporting of primary research; all will need to draw conclusions and consider
recommendations. Additionally, all research s will include a section outlining, and justifying, the
methodology you have adopted and should link research methods to the objectives and literature
review.

The main body of the research  must take the reader logically through a variety of linked arguments,
relating theory and practice, concepts and concrete observations, so that the reader can understand
and identify with the conclusions and recommendations of the author.  Your arguments need to be
drawn demonstrably from your own observations and grounded in an authoritative set of ideas.
They should not be anecdotal. Although the arguments should be presented in a tight structured


form – using headings at regular intervals to achieve this – they should also have an essential
discursive character, i.e. you should fully explore the implications and ramifications of the topic by
developing the arguments in a relevant way.

You should ensure that you have covered all the major issues pertinent to the topic by the end of the
main body of the research .

Depending on the nature of your research , it might be appropriate to include a summary of your
findings before embarking on your conclusions.

6.8 Summary and Conclusion

Your Conclusion should include a summary of your main arguments, drawing together the various
themes and issues so that they can be brought to bear on the defined objectives of the study. As with
all reports, there should be no new information introduced in this section. Your Recommendations
should be feasible, practical and must place your conclusions within a concrete and practical
framework. You need to consider your recommendations in the context of their possible human,
financial, political, managerial, etc, implications. Your recommendations should be justified.
6.9 Appendices

You should locate in the appendices all that information which gives an additional, quasirelevant
support to the arguments you are constructing. It is important that you put all the information you
require the reader to attend to, in the main body of the text. Appendices should be consistently
signified by letter (APPENDIX A, APPENDIX B) or by number (Roman) and give titles that
indicate their contents. Do remember to source information in appendices appropriately.

6.10 Bibliography and Referencing

Referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to followup
and read more fully the cited author’s arguments. Reference is given within the text of the research
as well as at the end of the research . The basic difference between citation and a reference list
(bibliography) is that the latter contains full details of all the intext citations.
• Citation provides brief details of the author and date of publication for referencing the work
in the body of the text.


• Reference List is given at the end of the text and is a list of all references used with
additional details provided to help identify each source.

References should be made to sources of material throughout the report. Various conventions are
used for referencing but you must use Harvard Referencing, as shown in Appendix A, throughout
your report.

Proper referencing is a crucial aspect of your research . You are therefore strongly advised to talk to
your supervisor about this, in order to make sure that your research  report follows the appropriate
referencing system.

6. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF THE research

 The research  should be typed on A4 white paper, and be doubleline spaced.

 The left margin should not be less than 40 mm and the right margin not less than 20 mm.

 All pages should be numbered, and numbers should be placed at the centre of the bottom of

the page, not less than 10 mm above the edge.

 All tables, figures and appendices should be consecutively numbered or lettered, and
suitably labelled.

 3 bound copies & a softcopy should be handed in to the Principal/Director of your
College/Institute at the time of submission.
NOTE: College in turn would submit Two bound copies of all the research s to the Controller of
Examinations along with a consolidated CD containing the soft copy of the research s and the list of
research  titles sorted on the HT Numbers with linkages to the respective research  file. The columns
in the list should include HTNO., Name of the Student, Major Elective and the research Title.
College name and the year should be mentioned on the CD.

ROLE OF SUPERVISOR

The supervisor's role is one of guidance providing advice and pointing out possible problems that


may arise. The supervisor's role is to appraise your ideas and work. You must take overall
responsibility for both the content of your research  and its management. This includes selection of
an appropriate subject area (with the approval of the supervisor), setting up meetings with the
supervisor, devising and keeping to a work schedule (to include contingency planning), and
providing the supervisor with samples of your work.

It is your responsibility to make contact with your supervisor and arrange meetings at
appropriate times. You should use the time with the supervisors wisely. The students must meet
their supervisors for a minimum of four meetings per semester, over the span of the entire
research .

You should spread your workload over the entire time available for carrying out your research .
Draw up a realistic work schedule with inbuilt slack to allow for problems.  Be sure you are aware
of your specific handin dates.

You must exchange contact details with your supervisor, and make sure that he or she has your
relevant contact information. Your supervisor will keep a log of meetings with you. After each
meeting with your supervisor, you will both sign a student contact and progression form. Note that
if the records show that your contact with your supervisor is not good; your research  may not
be marked.

Be sure you are clear about the assessment criteria for the research . Note that a significant
proportion of the grade is allocated to presentation and style. A high level of communication skills
is expected. However, it is not within the role or the duties of your supervisor to correct your
grammar and syntax.

Your supervisor will comment upon samples of your work but will not premark the whole
document, or substantial portions of it. If asked, you must present a sample of your written work
prior to a meeting with your supervisor, at an agreed time. Under no circumstances will your
supervisor give you an indication of your expected final grade.

You must keep hard copies of each version of your work, and save copies of the current
version on a main and a backup disk (preferably kept apart from each other). Disks should


regularly be viruschecked. Also, make sure to keep printed copies of working documents,
and the raw data from any questionnaires or other data collection.
A FEW TIPS....

Choose a topic, or an issue, in which you are interested.

Get organised, give yourself time to think about your research . Look at the information available
is there enough information available for you to be able to produce a good research ?
Be wary if you are relying upon organisations to provide you with information. They will not give
you confidential or sensitive information and you must not expect them to respond as promptly as
you would like.

Visit the Library and spend some time looking at previous research s.

With the help of your research  supervisor agree on the aims and objectives and the structure of the
research  as soon as possible.

It is worthwhile investing in some reliable storage devices for storing your research   related
documents. Keep at least two copies (updated). Remember to virus check your storage devices.

The final printing and binding of your research can be the most frustrating time. Allow five
working days. Numbering pages, rearranging pagination and putting together the Contents page
takes a deal of time – do not underestimate this part of your task. By this time you will have been
working on your research  for some months you will be bored with it; you just want to hand it in
and move on to the next assignment. So, to save your time and frustration, allow yourself five
working days for this part of the task.

Do not underestimate the enormity of the task ahead of you. The key points are to organise your
time; make and maintain contact with your supervisor, decide upon your topic and when you have
formulated your aims, objectives and structure get on with it!
Finally, remember to print and keep a copy of the research report for your own use, as no
copy of the report submitted will be returned to you.

Examples of synopsis :


A STUDY ON ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT
THROUGH SELF HELP GROUPS
IN JODHPUR AND BIKANER DISTRICTS

SYNOPSIS OF THE THESIS SUBMITTED
TO UNIVERSITY
for consideration
( .... Name of programme )

By

Researcher

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

(RESEARCH SUPERVISOR)

INDIA
2010


SYNOPSIS

INTRODUCTION

In India, entrepreneurial world is men’s world predominantly. But recently, there will be a
change in the trend. The emphasis is on the idea that women also can contribute to the economy
of the nation. Indian women have proved not only that they are second to none in proficiency of
doing any work earlier meant for men, but also that they will be efficient in effective enterprise
management under all circumstances.

In the developing countries like India, the forces of commercialization, modernization
and industrialization are actually operating and transforming the traditional modes of
production in to modern capitalistic enterprises. Women are the most preponderant
segment of the society.

For women an opportunity to productive work is not merely a means to higher
income but it is a means to self respect, to the development of her personality and to a
sense of participation in the common purpose of the society.

Till recently women will be considered unfit for roles other than those of housewife,
nurse, primary school teacher, sales girl, telephone operator, stenographer and
receptionist. The image of women in society is fast changing.

Need for Women Entrepreneurship

Women suffer the most in India. Her involvement in economic activities is marked by
low work participation rate, excessive concentration in the unorganized sector of the
economy and in low skill jobs. However, in rural areas, agriculture has provided more
employment for women. Their literacy rate, which itself is the cause for low economic
conditions, creates a vicious circle of low social and economic status. The status of


women in India is an illustration of paradox. At the micro level she has equal position
in the family. The scriptures and mythologies give her even the status of a Goddess.
However, over the period the position of women at the macro level of the society will
be downgraded, so much so that she is the most abused person of the Indian society.

The liberalization policy of the government has thrown open a vast area of the
economy for private entrepreneurship. Under such circumstances, special efforts to
develop women entrepreneurship are more keenly felt.

The SHG Programme Approach

The operations of SHGs are based on the principle of circulating the member’s own
savings. Savings thus provide facility for borrowing by the member. The vast majority
of MFIs in India has SHG based programme.

Objective of the Formation of SHG

The main objective of the formation of self help group is to strengthen cooperative
movement by utilizing the resources available in the area. To achieve this objective,
SHG selects its members from the same locality and the same income group who join
together to live with dignity. As a holistic group, SHGs have many social and
economic objectives like inculcating the habit of saving and banking among the rural
women, building up trade and confidence between the rural women and the banker,
developing group activity to implement various welfare and development programmes
in a better way and to achieve women and child welfare goals by actually involving this
women groups in universal immunization programmes, small family norms and
universal elementary education etc.


Role of NGOs in Promoting SHGs

There is no doubt about the fact that elimination of poverty to an appreciable extent
seems to be not manageable only by Government sector. They need collaboration and
cooperation from other nongovernmental institutions. Here arises the role of non
governmental organizations in diverse fields to fight against poverty. There are vast
areas concerning development and welfare that are left uncovered due to paucity of
funds. It is in this scenario that NGOs step in and justify their existence in India.

Generally NGOs follow four clear cut strategies. They are simple charity
supplementing welfarism of the state, encouraging people’s participation and
implementing programmes launched by the government for large benefit of the
community involving people in programme planning, raising resources, implementing
activities and sharing fruits of development and conscience instilling and organizing
people, enabling them to demand and undertake planning and implementation of
development programmes beneficial to them.

Today in India there are 15000 registered NGOs and many more nonregistered
informal groups. These organisations have touched the lives of an estimated number of
15 million persons.

LITERATURE REVIEW

(TO BE PREPARED)

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Both men and women, who form the human resources, constitute the main strength of
economic development of a nation. Women form an important segment of the labour
force and economic role played by them cannot be isolated. The government is,
therefore making planned efforts to inculcate the spirit of enterprising among women
through many incentives and development programs. These efforts are expected to spin


good results with many more women taking up entrepreneurship.

Several women are becoming entrepreneurs, especially the middle class women,
due to the pull and push of traditional and changing values. Under the pull factors, the
women entrepreneurs choose profession as a challenge or as an adventure with an urge
to do something new and to have an independent occupation. Under the push factors
women take up business enterprise to get over financial difficulties when responsibility
is thrust on them due to family circumstances.

Many research studies had been done on entrepreneurship, but very little had been
done on women entrepreneurs. A lot of data are available on entrepreneurial
characteristics and motivators of men but very little data are available regarding
women. How far the driving forces and the socioeconomic factors applicable to
women are valid is to be explored.

A selfhelp group (SHG) is a voluntary association of people with common
goal. The concept of ‘Self Help Group’ appears to be a good alternative strategy to
involve people in the development process. In these circumstances, it is felt important
and necessary to study the SHG concept, its pattern of functioning, its present status in
India, the socio economic changes effected and empowerment acquired by women.

Hence, the present study is undertaken to analyse the entrepreneurship of women
through SHG scheme for JODHPUR and BIKANER districts of Rajasthan .

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The specific objectives of the present study are

1 To present the socio-economic and personality profile of the women entrepreneurs.

2 To identify the factors influencing the women to start enterprise.


3 To analyze the enterprise management ability among women entrepreneurs.

4 To examine the factors that help to identify good and poor performers among
women entrepreneurs.

5 To analyze the major strengths and weaknesses of women entrepreneurs.

6 To study the environmental opportunities which promote entrepreneurship and

7 To offer suggestions for promoting women entrepreneurship.

HYPOTHESES

The study aims at testing the following hypotheses in line with objectives mentioned
above:

1 Entrepreneurship is independent of the socioeconomic background of women
respondents such as Age, Education, Caste, Type of Family and the like.

2 There is no relationship between entrepreneurship ability and personality traits of
women.

3 There is no significant difference in the degree of involvement among women
entrepreneurs of different Age groups, Educational status, Caste, Marital status,
Family size, and Occupational background.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study suffers from certain limitations. One of the important limitations is that
though there are large numbers of selfemployment programmes functioning in
Rajasthan, the present study is confined only to the women entrepreneurs working
under SHGs in BIKANER and Jodhpur districts. Thus the findings can be generalized
only to certain extent.


METHODOLOGY

SAMPLE DESIGN

The respondents will be selected on stratified random sampling basis. They will be
chosen proportionately from Agricultural Sector, Manufacturing Sector Service
Sector,  Trading Sector, and Artisans.

Two districts namely JODHPUR and BIKANER will be selected for the present study.
The main reason for selecting these two districts is that the former is a backward
district and the latter is a developed one. For the purpose of collecting primary data,
blockwise list of SHG members will be obtained from the Project Officer, District
Rural Development Agency, Programme Officer, and Non Governmental
Organisations (NGOs) functioning in JODHPUR and BIKANER districts. Total of 300
women entrepreneurs, out of which 150 respondents from JODHPUR district will be
randomly selected from SHGs functioning under 23 approved NGOs and one BLF;
they are distributed over 12 town panchayats, The remaining 150 respondents from
BIKANER district will be randomly selected from SHGs functioning in 10 blocks
under 30 NGOs and ‘Mahalir Thittam’ scheme.

PERIOD OF STUDY

The field survey will be  conducted from March 2010 to March 2012 for the collection
of primary data. .

COLLECTION OF DATA

Both primary and secondary data will be used for the present study. A reconnaissance
survey will be made of the selected respondents to get acquainted with the factors
behind to start enterprises, problems and the like. On the basis of the information
gathered, a well designed pre tested interview schedule will be  drafted and used in
the field survey to collect primary data. Before undertaking the main survey a tentative


interview schedule will be  prepared and administered to 25 women entrepreneurs in
order to test the validity of the interview schedule. It facilitated the removal of the ‘no
response’ and unwarranted questions and then the modified final schedule will be
prepared on this basis.

The selected women entrepreneurs will be contacted in person and the objectives of
the study will be clearly explained to them and their cooperation will be  ensured. The
details regarding the general characteristics of the sample members, their families,
income, savings and the like relating to the overall objectives of the study will be
collected from the sample respondents through the direct personal interview method.

ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

For analyzing the data collected during the investigation the following statistical tools
will be used based of the nature of data and relevance of information required.

1 Chi Square Test

Chi Square test is an important non parametric test and as such no rigid assumptions
are necessary in respect of the type of population. The Chi Square test in the present
study is used as a test of independence.

In order to examine the relationship between socio economic profile and
entrepreneurship, the Chi Square test will be applied

  =

Where

= Chi Square value

O= Observed frequency

E= Expected frequency


The Chi Square value is compared with the Table value to find out the association
between the normal variables in the present study.

1 One Way ANOVA

The one way ANOVA is applied in the present study when the variables are in
intervals and the number of samples is in more than two groups. In order to find out
the significant difference among the women entrepreneurs’ involvement and socio
economic profile the F’ statistics is calculated

F = s1 / s2

s1 variance between the groups

s2 variance within the groups

F ratio is calculated and compared with the respective table value of F to analyse the
significant difference among the groups regarding each variable.

1 Factor Analysis

In order to identify the factors with influence the starting of the enterprises Factor
Analytical Method will be adopted.

1 Correlation Coefficient

Pearson’s product movement correlation coefficient will be calculated to find the
relationship between profile of the entrepreneurs and their enterprise involvement

Where

x  =


y=

  = mean of x variable

= mean of y variable

The significance of calculated ‘r’ values will be tested for 5 percent level of
significance. The correlation coefficients between the variables will be calculated
according to the need of study.

5. Multiple Regressions

When a factor is dependent on more than one, analysis will not reveal the relationship.
For this purpose, multiple regressions technique will be  used to reveal the existence of
nonlinear relationship between the dependent and independent variables which are in
internal scales. Hence, the Log linear multiple regressions will be  applied to identify
the variables (profile) which influence the entrepreneurs involvement index of the
following form.

Log Y = b0+ b1log x1+……………….. b12log x12+u

Where,

Y= Enterprise Involvement Index

x1….. x12 = Independent variables

b0   b12 = Regression Coefficient

b0  = Intercept or constant term

u = Error term

which are converted into log linear form


log y = loga(b1log x1) + bnlog xn +c…..(    )

6 Discriminant Function Analysis

     The Fisher’s Discriminant Functions Analysis test will be  applied to analyse the
interest of the independent variables which discriminate the two groups namely
entrepreneurs Vs. nonentrepreneurs, good performers Vs. poor performers and
satisfiers Vs. dissatisfiers in the present study

      Z =

Where,

Z = Total  Discriminant score

x1… xn = Discriminant variables

L1… Ln= Linear Discriminant coefficient

N = Number of variables

The critical ‘z’ value=

Where,

z1 = Total  Discriminant score for group I

z 2 = Total  Discriminant score for group II

6 Mahalenobis measures of distance

Mahalenobis measures of distance between two groups is F

F=


Where,

D2 = IiDi

P = Number of  Discriminant variables

N1 = Number in group I

N2 =  Number in group II

The values of ‘F’ to be tested at P and (N1+N21)degrees of freedom.

6 Index Preparation

The index regarding personality, entrepreneurship, enterprise involvement are prepared
on the basis of

I=

i = 1 to n

where,

I = Index

S = Score obtained

Ms = Maximum score

i…n = number of variable included in the analysis

The technique adopted to identify and analyse the factor influence the entrepreneurs to
manage the enterprise will be  Orthogonal Vaimax Rotations.


CHAPTERIZATION

The present study “Entrepreneurship development through self help groups in
Bikaner and Jodhpur districts” will be divided into seven chapters.

The introductory chapter discusses the need for women entrepreneurship, Concept of
women entrepreneurs, Functions, Factors influencing women entrepreneurship,
Women in development process, Women and Credit, SHG programme approach,
Objectives of the formation of SHG, Benefits of linkage to the banks, Growth of SHG
in India, Role of NGOs, Statement of the problem, Objectives of the study,
Hypotheses, Limitations and Chapterization.

Chapter I : introduction giving basic concepts

Chapter II will reviews the literature of the past studies and describes the
methodology adopted for the present study.

Chapter III will discusse research methodology, hypothesis, sampling, sample frame,
and the profile of the study area.

Chapter IV will investigate the factors influencing the entrepreneurial development of
women entrepreneurs. It will analyse the personality traits and the quality of
entrepreneurship among the women respondents.

Chapter V will analyse the nature of enterprises, enterprise involvement and
performance of women entrepreneurs. Chapter VI will evaluate the attitude of
entrepreneurs towards their enterprises.

Chapter VII will present the Summary of Findings, Conclusion and offers suggestions
based on the findings of the study.


References  (to be added)

Bibliography  (to be added )

ANATHER EXAMPLE OF SYNOPSIS :

1.  Name of  the Scholar             :
2.  Title of the Research work    :     ‘The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence
                                                            and Career Achievement in Doctors’
3.  Location                                   :
4.  Introduction                             :      Annexure I
5.  Importance of the proposed
     Research work or Relevance
     Of the Study                              :     Annexure II
6.  Review of the work already
     Done on the Subject                  :     Annexure III
7.  Hypothesis                                :     Annexure IV
8.  Methodology                             :     Annexure V
9.  Chapter wise Details                  :    Annexure    VI
10. Bibliography                              :    Annexure    VII

Outline of the Synopsis approved                                            Sig. of the Candidate
Sig. of the Supervisor with Date                                               with Date
                                                       ANNEXURE I


Introduction
:

Doctor, one of the most respectful profession of our society. They serve the patients with the
objective of 100% successful in curing but still some of the Doctors are more successful than
others. What is the measure of success? Is it only a strong scientific mind? No! It was, in the
past, but now some fundamental new theories have been introduced: The Multiple Intelligences
Theory (Gardner, 1983) & The Emotional Intelligence Theory (Mayer & Salovey, 1990;
Goleman, 1995). Then we can say that success depends on several intelligences and on the
control of emotions. IQ alone is no more the measure for success; emotional intelligence, social
intelligence, and luck also play a big role in a person's success (Goleman, 1995). In the work
place all kinds of articles are written, workshops and conferences are held to help doctors
(Epstein, 1999), employees and managers (Abraham, 1999; Laabs, 1999; Barrier & Bates, 1999)
become aware of the components of emotional intelligence so that they improve themselves. If
emotional intelligence is considered .The purpose of this study is to see whether there is a
relationship between emotional intelligence and career success. Do the high achiever Doctors
have a high emotional intelligence level or isn’t there any relationship between their achievement
and their emotional intelligence? Do the low achievers have a low emotional intelligence level or
isn’t there any relationship between their achievement and their emotional intelligence either? So,
the population of this study will be the Doctors in Bikaner city. The sample will be 300 Doctors
from both from both public and private hospitals in Bikaner city. The sampling will be stratified,
making sure that Hospitals, genders, socioeconomic statuses, and abilities will be appropriately
represented. There will be two separate instruments for data collection. Together two research
questions will be addressed : what is the relationship between emotional intelligence and career
success, and what is the distribution of emotional intelligence scores for a Doctors with high
intelligence quotients? The career success will be measured on the basis of some questions that
will be asked to the respondents( Doctors), based on the five point scale. Accordingly high
achievers will be seperatd from the from the middle and the low achievers.The second will be
the web based test that measures emotional intelligence called the MayerSaloveyCaruso
Emotional Intelligence Test. Afterwards both results will be compared to find out whether there
is a relationship between emotional intelligence and career achievement or not, in order for us to
be able to accept or reject our hypothesis.


Problem Statement

Understanding what makes career a success in an is very important in today’s complex and
competitive environment. The importance of emotional intelligence has only recently become
widely salient in the quest to identify high potential people in every field. The recent realization
of the usability of EI to identify potential people, those who are most successful has left a gap
between research and practice. With a limited amount of research into the subject there is a need
for a study that evaluates the effect of EI on career success.
Research Questions
There are two research questions being investigated in this study.
Research question one (R1) is:
What is the distribution of emotional intelligence scores for a
Doctors with high intelligence quotients?
Research question two (R2) is:
What is the relationship between emotional intelligence and
career success?

Annexure II:

Importance of the proposed Research work or Relevance of the Study:

Today Intelligence and success in Career is not viewed the same way as they were before. New
theories of Intelligence have been introduced and are gradually replacing the traditional theory.


The growing rate of private hospitals and their success over government hospitals has raised an
issue of not only the facilities and ambiance of hospitals but also the interpersonal skills and
Emotional Intelligence of Medical Staff specially the Doctors with respect to patients.

This study is important because it will be the first research to examine emotional intelligence and
its effect on career achievement among Doctors (specifically chosen for high intelligence). The
career achievement or development of individual depends upon different qualities they posses.
The individuals who selects a career in Healthcare industry should be able to manage good
relations with clients as the success of this industry depends a lot on the relationship with the
customers(patients) as observed. Emotions have to he positively managed to create better
interaction with customers and for this, Emotional Intelligence will have selfawareness, self
control and social skills which will help an individual (Doctors) to have better relationship with
customers (Patients) . This research will also answer the questions that, In the presence of high
IQ, is EI and its effect enhanced, depressed or even reversed from what is seen in the generally?
If this study is successful it will open the door on that question and lead the way to other studies
to fully answer it.

This study will be important to analyze whether Doctors with high or low Emotional
Intelligence get its effects on their career or not.

Annexure III:

Review of the work already done on the Subject:

The Construct of Emotional Intelligence

The use of IQ tests to identify the potential of a person has continued until this day, but new
ideas of what it takes to be successful are taking hold. The construct of emotional intelligence
was first introduced by Salovey and Mayer (1990). The surge in the scientific investigation of
emotional intelligence began thereafter and has increasingly gained momentum. It gained its
most momentum after becoming popularized by Daniel Golemans’s book, Emotional


Intelligence: Why it can matter more that IQ, published in 1995. Goleman’s book was widely
popular, and when introduced became a number one best seller on the New York Times list of
best selling books. In his writing, Goleman stresses the importance of EI in people’s general
work success and achievement in life. Other researchers since Goleman have claimed that EI
does predict important occupational and educational variables (Fisher, & Ashkanasy, 2000; Fox,
& Spector, 2000; Saarni, 1999). The work and writings of Daniel Goleman since the 1990’s has
popularized the use of emotional intelligence to identify workers who can perform best. Goleman
(2002) explains why those who score high on IQ tests are not always successful. Emotional
intelligence is the ability to handle oneself and relationships. Unlike the way IQ has traditionally
been seen as a fixed innate characteristic, Goleman has not defined EI as an innate characteristic.
Though Goleman (2002) does not ground EI in fixed biological terms, he does attribute
underlying causes to biology. Goleman (2002) explains that we rely on those around us for our
own emotional stability. This is because the human brain is designed with an openloop, limbic
system. The limbic system controls our emotions and the “openloop” refers to how it is
inevitably influenced by the external environment. This external environment is made up of
people, and all persons have emotions that are continually affecting each other. It is leaders that
can use emotional intelligence to drive other people’s emotions in a positive and beneficial
manner. Leaders of high emotional intelligence can enter the “openloop” limbic system controls
and effectively drive other people’s emotions in a positive and beneficial manner. In an effort to
understand the role of EI verses IQ in career success, through his company Emotional
Intelligence Services, Goleman (2002) has analyzed close to five hundred competency models
from various businesses. His conclusion was that IQ does play a role in a person’s professional
success though EI also does. The relative influence on
performance of EI and IQ, Goleman says, varies depending on the job. Goleman (2002) goes on
to explain that for the most successful people at least eighty to ninety percent of their success can
be attributed to EI.

Emotional Intelligence as Intelligence
Despite its gaining popularity, there is still debate about whether emotional intelligence is a “true
intelligence” (Roberts, Matthews, & Zeidner, 2001). This is in part due to popularized style of
Goleman (Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2002). Goleman was a journalist in addition to a


psychologist and his book was written for the general reader. In writing for the general public,
Goleman stretched the definition of emotional intelligence so that it appeared to equate to good
social behavior. The general concept of intelligence refers to one’s overall ability to adapt
through effective cognition and information processing (Roberts, Matthews, & Zeidner, 2000).
This involves the use of higher order mental abilities to perceive patterns and logically reason to
solve problems. Abstract reasoning is said to be the main distinctive characteristic of intelligence
(Mayer, Caruso, Salovey, & Sitarenios, 2001). Abstract reasoning may be the primary aspect of
general intelligence but there are also other factors which affect the measurement of general
intelligence. In a testing situation, the intelligence manifested by a person is dependent on the
input a person is receiving and the general knowledge base from which that person operates.
(Mayer, Caruso, Salovey, & Sitarenios, 2001). According to Mayer, Caruso, Salovey, and
Sitarenios (2001) general intelligence is often broken down into different intelligences based on
what inputs are being processed. It is common to see intelligence tests that specifically test for
verbal intelligence and or spatial intelligence. So, emotional intelligence may be yet another
intelligence, one that is referenced to emotional input. A relevant, organized, knowledge base
assists in abstract reasoning. For instance, a person’s linguistic knowledge will assist them with
solving problems on a verbal intelligence test. This becomes clear when nonnative speakers take
a verbal intelligence test and score lower than native speakers. Similarly, there is emotional
memory. This emotional memory is the knowledge base that comes from emotional experience
and, as with linguistic knowledge, can help to guide abstract reasoning. Massy (2002) illustrates
emotional memory by relating a study done by Ledoux, Wilson, and Gazzaniga (1977). In this
study, Massy writes, “Ledoux, Wilson, and Gazzaniga showed disturbing images of people being
thrown into flames to subjects wearing light refractive lenses, which channeled the information
to the emotional brain but not to the rational brain. Afterward, the subjects had no declarative
memory of what they had seen (p. 19).” Declarative memory is the memory for facts (Tulving, &
Schater, 1990). Mass continues, “They could only describe a vague awareness of light and
flashing. Yet, they felt quite upset and disturbed. Although they could not say why, they no
longer liked the experimenter or felt comfortable in his presence (p. 19).” Emotional memories
give insight into or expectations of situations we may not have otherwise achieved. The
memories then play a role in determining how we will respond to situations that we have
experienced in the past. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 give us a clear example of


emotional memory influencing actions. Although the odds remained small that a similar life
ending event would occur if a person were to travel on an airplane many persons refused to fly.
This is because of the fearful memories that were produced from watching the events of
September 11, 2001 unfold. The rational understanding that flying was no more dangerous after
the event was overshadowed by the emotional association in the decision to travel by airplane.

Career Success: EI & IQ
Changes in technology have brought about transformations in the way jobs are conducted and in
turn have brought about changes in who succeeds or fails. Along with objective realities,
perceived organizational needs often drive the success of persons in their careers. As tasks
became more complex in organizations, a person’s “intelligence” gained more and more
acceptance as a measure of potential. Organizations thought that those with the greatest
intellectual abilities would be the most successful at work. The mindset that intellectual abilities
determined one’s success or failure in life went hand and hand with the development of IQ
testing. It was after Lewis Terman’s administration of his new IQ test to 1.75 million men for the
army during WWI that IQ testing gained popularity. The proponents of IQ testing thought that it
was a very decisive and fixed way to sort through persons. Debate still occurs regarding the
nature of IQ, but there does seem to be a fixed genetic component that has great influence. SAT
and ACT tests, like IQ tests, are to measure ones aptitude and are still used today as criteria for
college admission. It is not always those who have the greatest success in their careers that have
the highest IQs (Barth, 2003). Sometimes persons with low to average IQs come to be very
successful and go far beyond the norm in their careers. This may be even truer in our current
state of fast paced change than it was during the first half of the 20th century. The ability toadapt
and work within a complex environment of information whichoverwhelms traditional
intelligence, requires skill and traits that lie outside definitions of traditional intelligence.
Emotional intelligence is but one of a number of intelligences theories that expand the concept of
intelligence to better address the complexities of humans’ interaction with their environment. In
1983 Howard Gardner introduced his theory of Multiple Intelligences in his influential
publication, Frames of Mind. Gardner’s theory has not been as directly influential upon the
business world as it has been in educational spheres, but has played a role in reshaping how we
think about intelligence. It was the predecessor to the popularization of Emotional Intelligence


theory, and certainly played some role in helping open the doors to its acceptance. With Multiple
Intelligence (MI) theory Gardner wanted to show that intelligence existed in many different
dimensions unlike Binet’s single dimension. MI Theory took into account that persons worked
within multiple different contexts that demanded different types and combinations of
intelligences. The original seven intelligences Gardner (1983) identified are:
1. Linguistic: sensitivity to sound, meaning of words, and the function of language.
2. Logical/mathematical: ability to discern logical patterns, numerical patterns, symbols and
complex chains of reasoning.
3. Bodily/kinesthetic: ability to control body movements and manipulate objects skillfully.
4. Spatial/visual: ability to accurately perceive the visualspatial world and make transformations
based on those perceptions.
5. Musical: ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and musical expression.
6. Interpersonal: ability to sense and respond to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and
desires of others.
7. Intrapersonal: ability to understand personal feelings that guide behavior, knowledge of
personal strengths, weaknesses and desires.
One reason that MI Theory has not gained popularity in the business world is suggested by
Weller (1999), “The reason for this is that there is an expectation that adults should possess the
innate ability to learn and behave ‘intelligently’ according to the demands of the work
environment they find themselves in.” Nonetheless, MI Theory can play an important role in
career success. Persons tend to choose occupations that are aligned with their strengths. For
instance, a sculptor would have strong spatial/visual intelligence and an accountant would likely
have strong logical mathematical intelligence. Despite the lack of uptake of MI Theory by
business organizations as a whole, the interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences can be related
to the concept of Emotional Intelligence which has been engaged by business (Weller, 1999).
Interpersonal, intrapersonal and emotional intelligences all deal with how persons understand
and react to various types of emotional input. This has become important for businesses because
work has become more collaborative. Business organizations have been reshaped from once
hierarchical entities relying on physical capital to organizations where people work on teams and
rely on intellectual capital. People working in teams face many challenges beyond the simple
creation of an outcome. Those involved in teams must work closely with one another and manage


the social relationships as well as the duties they must perform. For work teams to be highly
effective they must develop “emotionally intelligent” behaviors that do not hinder their work.
Jarrett and Kellner (1996) point to what makes teams effective, “openness and mutual trust; free
expression of feelings; common objectives; high commitment to shared task; conflict is surfaced
and worked through; decisions are by consensus; and group process issues are an important part
of work (p. 54).” The reality is that teams usually do not exhibit the behaviors that would make
them most effective (Jarrett, & Kellner, 1996). Members of work teams are often afraid they will
hurt someone’s feelings and do not exhibit needed openness regarding team behavior. One may
also be worried about the political impact of their views if expressed. The things that hold back
teams are often not a lack of intellectual abilities, but lack of intrapersonal and interpersonal
abilities. Those who are best at addressing and dealing with emotional content within a team will
often have greater career success.


Hypothesis / Objective of the study:

There is a significant Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Career Achievements in
Doctors.

Objectives of the Study:

• To understand the Concept of Emotional Intelligence
• To understand and analyze the different factors affecting Career Achievement.


• To understand and analyze the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Career
Achievement.
• To Study the effect of high or low Emotional Intelligence on Career Achievement of Doctors.
• To understand the distribution of emotional intelligence scores for Doctors with high
intelligence quotients.
• To Design some suggestions for the improvement of Emotional Intelligence level in Doctors.

Methodology:

a) Procedure:

The population of this study will be the 300 Doctors from both the government and private Hospitals
of Bikaner city.

The Sampling will be stratified, making sure that Hospitals (Public &
Private),gender( Male&Female), Socioeconomic status and abilities ( high & low achievers) will be
appropriately represented.

b) Experimental Design and Method:

The 300 Doctors chosen from the different Hospitals will be given two separate tests for data
collection to address two research together.: what is the relationship between emotional
intelligence and career success, and what is the distribution of emotional intelligence scores for a
Doctors  with high intelligence quotients? The career success will be measured on the basis of
some questions that will be asked  to the respondents
( Doctors), based on the  five point scale. Accordingly  high achievers will be seperatd from the
from the middle and the low achievers. The second will be the web based test that measures
emotional intelligence called the MayerSaloveyCaruso Emotional Intelligence Test. Afterwards
both results will be compared to find out whether there is a relationship between emotional


intelligence and career achievement or not, in order for us to be able to accept or reject our
hypothesis.

c) Data Collection:

The primary scale for measuring career success will be taken from Greenhaus, Parasuraman &
Wormley (1990). They refer to the scale as measuring “career progress.” In this research the
terms “career progress and “career success” are used interchangeably. The scale has an anchor 1
to 5, where 1=strongly dissatisfied, 3=neutral, 5=very satisfied.
The questions asked will be like: How satisfied are you with the following aspects
of your career? Participants will use  the aforementioned scale and question
to rate themselves on the following aspects of their career success:
1. The progress I have made toward meeting my goals for advancement
2. The progress I have made toward development of new skills
3. The success I have achieved in my career
4. The progress I have made toward meeting my goals for income
5. The progress I have made toward meeting my overall career goals
This is clearly a subjective measure as respondents are asked to rate career success in their own
terms. In addition to the subjective measure of career success, additional questions will be  asked
to obtain a more objective look at career success. These questions will inquire about the
participant’s salary and promotion rate etc.
          The MSCEIT  is  chosen to measure emotional intelligence because it is composed of tasks
that must be performed (Mayer, Salovey & Caruso, 2003). This is similar to the composition of
intelligence quotient tests. With taskbased questioning this test avoids having participants
choose what they perceive as the best answer over what they actually do, as often occurs in
measures that rely solely on self reporting The MSCEIT adheres to Mayer and Salovey’s (1997)
FourBranch model of emotional intelligence. Each of the four Branches represents a different
skill set within EI. The four branches in their model are: Perceiving Emotions, Facilitating
Thought, Understanding Emotions and Managing Emotions (Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2002).


d) Proposed Statistical Procedure:
    Both the scores of the EQ tests and the results of being successful or not will be compared to
analyzed and see whether there is a correlation between Emotional Intelligence and career
achievement or not

e) Expected Outcome Results:

Based on the similar studies done in the past the researcher expects to accept the hypothesis
and find the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Career achievement.

Chapter wise Details:

PARTI

1) Introduction
2) Review of the Literature
3) Research Design and Methodology

     PARTII
4) Theories of Emotional Intelligence
5) Components and Measures of Emotional Intelligence.
6) Factors Responsible for Career Achievement.
7) Relationship between Career Achievements and Emotional Intelligence.

   PART –III
8) Findings and Suggestions


9) Conclusion

Appendixes: Questionnaires, Details of the Respondents.
Bibliography

Chapter wise details of Proposed research:

The proposed research will contain the following chapters:

Chapter 1: Introduction:

Doctor, one of the most respectful profession of our society. They serve the patients with the objective
of 100% successful in curing but still some of the Doctors are more successful than others. What is
the measure of success? Is it only a strong scientific mind? The purpose of this study is to see whether
there is a relationship between emotional intelligence and career success.

Chapter 2: Literature Review

A study of the relevant literature available on the chosen topic of various authors, their researches,
papers and material available on the Internet will be incorporated to help gain a better insight in the
topic

Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology

The 300 Doctors will be chosen from the different Hospitals to give two separate tests for data
collection to address two research together.: what is the relationship between emotional
intelligence and career success, and what is the distribution of emotional intelligence scores for a
Doctors with high intelligence quotients? The career success will be measured on the basis of


some questions that will be asked  to the respondents( Doctors), based on the  five point scale.
The emotional intelligence will tested on the basis of the MayerSaloveyCaruso Emotional
Intelligence Test. Afterwards both results will be compared to find out whether there is a
relationship between emotional intelligence and career achievement or not, in order for us to be
able to accept or reject our hypothesis

Chapter 4: Theories of Emotional Intelligence

There are following theories of Emotional Intelligence:
1) The Multiple Intelligence Theory
2) Mayer and Salovey’s   theory of Emotional Intelligence
3) Goleman’s theory of performance

1) The Multiple Intelligence Theory:
This theory was given by  Gardner. In this theory seven kinds of  Intelligence were
described. Out of these two were different from usual skills related to intelligence like
verbal or arithmetic skills. These skills were: a) Social Adaptive ness b) Knowing one’s
inner world.
2) Mayer and Salovey’s theory of Emotional Intelligence:
In this theory of Emotional Intelligence MayerSalovey identified four abilities and skills
required for Emotional Intelligence and called them four branches of Emotional
Intelligence.
• The ability to recognize emotions
• The ability to use emotions to assist the thought process
• The ability of being aware emotions
• The ability to manage emotions

3) Goleman’s theory of Performance:
In 1995 Goleman proposed a theory in which he said that Emotional Intelligence can


matter more in leadership qualities and effectiveness in work situation and explained in
detail.




Chapter 5: Components and Measures of Emotional Intelligence:
The Components and measures of Emotional Intelligence is basically of two kinds:
1) SelfReport Measures
2) Ability – Based Measures

 SelfReport Measures:
This measure of Emotional Intelligence includes:
 Personal Competence

 Social Competence
a) Personal Competence:

 Self Awareness:
                  Recognizing and understanding your emotions in the moment, as well as your
tendencies across time and situation.

 SelfAwareness:
           Using awareness of emotions to manage to response to different situations and people.

 Social Competence
                 Understanding the perspectives of other people including their motivations, their
emotions and the meaning of what they do and say.

 Relationship Management:
          Using awareness of one’s emotions and the emotions of others to manage relationships


to a successful outcome.

 Abilitycleared Measurement of Emotional Intelligence:
Ability based measure of Emotional Intelligence includes the following domains:
 Experimental Area:

 Perceiving Emotions Branch
 Facilitating Thinking Branch

 Strategic Area:

 Understanding Emotional Meaning Branch
 Managing Emotions Branch

Chapter 6: Factors Responsible for Career Achievement:

There is no single rather multiple factors affecting the Career Achievement:

1. SelfConfidence: Successful people often have self worth and self acceptance.
2. High IQ: Successful people have a high mental level.
3. High Emotional Quotient: High career achievers have a high capacity to understand oneself
and others feelings and have a high adaptability to situations.
4. Personal Esteem: Person’s selfimage is crucial to career effectiveness and success as what
we believe do effect our outcome.
5. Persistence and perseverance: Persistence frequently is even more important for career
success than talent or special skills.
6. Enthusiasm: When a person is enthusiastic, his perception of opportunities abounds, as does
our ability.
7. The Luck Factor: Luck is essentially a readiness to perceive, opportunities, coupled with a
willingness to take advantage of them. Many individuals fail not only to notice but to size


opportunities.
8. Response to Failure: Characteristically, highperforming individual view mistakes and
setbacks only as temporary detours or barriers to their goals.

Chapter 7: Relationship between Career Achievements and Emotional Intelligence:

Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is the ability of an individual to deal successfully with other people,
to manage one’s self, motivate others, understand one’s own feelings and appropriately respond to
the everyday environment. In essence, EQ is about interpersonal skills. Researchers and
management scholars have found that individuals with high EQ are better at creating positive
outcomes. A decrease in productivity occurs with each claim of harassment, incident of temper flair
ups, and/or any inappropriate workplace conduct People who rise to the top of their field—whether
it’s psychology, law, medicine, engineering or banking—aren’t just good at their jobs. They’re
affable, resilient and optimistic, suggests a growing store of studies on professional leaders. Here the
study will be done on the same lines with reference to Doctors.

Chapter 8: Findings and Suggestions:

The major findings of the study related to the relation between career success and Emotional
Intelligence and the distribution of emotional intelligence scores for Doctors with high
intelligence quotients will be incorporated here. An effort will be made to give suggestions for
improving Emotional Intelligence of Doctors through training, if the Hypothesis proves.

Chapter 9: Conclusions

The research will involve various other areas, which will be highlighted during the course of the
study. Such areas may need further research or interpretations. Such areas along with the major
inferences will be included in this chapter.


Appendixes: Questionnaires, Details of the Respondents

(to be added )
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