Here is the powerpoint presentation about the nuclear disaster at the chernobyl Nuclear Powerplant in detail.

1. Prepared by :- Bhargav Dhokia
5th Sem ELE

2. • The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear reactor accident in the
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukraine, which used to
be a part of the Soviet Union.
• It is considered to be the worst nuclear power plant disaster in
history and the only level 7 instance on the International
Nuclear Event Scale.

3. • What is nuclear power?
The energy produced by splitting atoms in a nuclear reactor.

4. • Why is it dangerous?
Nuclear power technology produces materials that are active in emitting
radiation and are therefore called “radioactive.” We are all exposed daily to a
little radiation but too much or in mass quantities can destroy cells, cause
organs to shut down or after long and continuous exposure cause cancer.

5. REACTOR SCHEMATIC

6. REACTOR PLANT SCENARIO
1. As the reaction occurs, the uranium fuel becomes hot
2. The water pumped through the core in pressure tubes removes the heat from
the fuel
3. The water is then boiled into steam
4. The steam turns the turbines
5. The water is
then cooled
6. Then the process
repeats

7. What happened?
Saturday, April 26, 1986:
-Reactor #4 was undergoing a
test to test the backup power
supply in case of a power loss.
-The power fell too low, allowing
the concentration of xenon-135
to rise.
-The workers continued the test,
and in order to control the rising
levels of xenon-135, the control
rods were pulled out.

8. WHAT HAPPENED?
-The experiment involved shutting down the coolant pumps,
which caused the coolant to rapidly heat up and boil.
-Pockets of steam formed in the coolant lines. When the
coolant expanded in this particular design, the power
level went up.
-All control rods were ordered to be inserted. As the rods
were inserted, they became deformed and stuck. The
reaction could not be stopped.
-The rods melted and the steam pressure caused an
explosion, which blew a hole in the roof. A graphite fire
also resulted from the explosion.

9. • The Chernobyl Reactor after the explosion.

10. CYCLE OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

11. IMMEDIATE IMPACT
- 203 people were
hospitalized immediately.
31 of them eventually died.
Most of these people were
workers in the plant or
local firefighters.
- NW winds from the Black
Sea carried the radiation
for miles in the following
days. Scandinavian
detectors picked up on the
abundance of radiation, but
the Soviet government
denied everything.

12. West and
Northwest Winds
carried radiation

13. • People were evacuated the
day after the explosion.
• A month later 116,000
people in an 18 mile radius
of the plant were evacuated.
• Over 300,000 people were
moved from the accident.
• Many still live in
contaminated areas and the
long term effect is not yet
known.
• The Soviet Union has not
been able to study effects
due to lack of funds and
secrecy.

14. EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE
CHERNOBYL EXPLOSION.
• Fallout levels were very high right around explosion and
affected all wildlife.
• Red Forest- was a forest right by the plant was named this
because plants had a red hue after the explosion. These trees
also died from the amount of radiation they received.

15. BELARUS
AFTER
CHERNOBYL
Abandoned city in
southern Belarus

16. Effects of
Radiation

17. THYROID CANCER
•The thyroid gland is the most
vulnerable organ to radiation in the
human body.
•Normally, this is a rare disease,
with only 1 case per year being
reported in Belarus before the
Chernobyl accident.
•Thyroid cancer can take 10-30
years to show it’s effects.
•There has been a 2,400% increase in the rates of thyroid
cancer in Belarus since 1986.
•In the Homyel region of Belarus, the region closest to
Chernobyl, there has been a 100-fold increase in thyroid cancer.

18. THYROID CASES GRAPH
BLUE :- 20–46 Years old
RED :- Children
Yellow :- Adults over the age of 46

19. OTHER PROBLEMS…
• Food & Water
• Milk—Farmers have to
watch the radiation level
in milk.
• Fish—Cannot be eaten, as
water absorbs radiation
and fats concentrate it
• Radioactive Floods every
spring
• Lives ruined
• Suicide and depression
• Even healthy people were
traumatized

20. • “Liquidators”
• These were firemen who helped
put out the fires and helped clean
up the radiation
• Most did not realize the dangers
of radiation.
• Many later died from radiation,
because they didn’t wear
protection.
• An estimated 8,000-20,000 to
date have died (20% from
suicide)
• Robots
• United States supplied
• Specifically designed to enter
reactor core and help build the
sarcophagus
The Clean Up

21. CLEAN UP
Approximately 300,000 to 600,000
liquidators were involved in the cleanup of
the 30 km evacuation zone around the plant
in the years following the meltdown.

22. EFFECTS ON ECONOMY AROUND THE
CHERNOBYL EXPLOSION.
• Between 300,000 and 600,000 people were brought in to
clean-up.
• Crops were destroyed, livestock was killed, everywhere there
was radiation.
• Over 235 billion dollars has been spent to clean up the
disaster.
• Belarus lost 1/5 of its farming lands(700 million dollars a year
loss.)
• 350 industries were lost due to the disaster.

23. CHERNOBYL TODAY
•The plant has been shut down by
Ukraine.
(Dec. 2000)
•The cement sarcophagus is falling
apart, due to the quick emergency
construction of it.
•The UN estimates that up to 9
million people have been affected
directly or indirectly by the fallout.
•The full consequences will not be
seen for at least another 50 years.

24. SOME PICTURES OF THE DISASTER.

25. CHERNOBYL VIDEO:

26. SOURCES
• Chernobyl Children’s Project International
• http://www.chernobyl-international.com/aboutchernobyl/default.asp
• Chernobyl.info. “Geographical location and extent of radioactive contamination”
• http://www.chernobyl.info/index.php?navID=2#
• East Cambs Chernobyl Children Life Line; "The Chernobyl Accident“
• http://studiohousebooks.co.uk/chernobyl/Chernobyl/chernobyl.html
• Russian Research Center; Kurchatov Institute. “The Causes of the accident and its progress”
• http://www.cs.ntu.edu.au/homepages/jmitroy/sid101/chernobyl/history.html
• Time Magazine. May 12, 1986. “Deadly Meltdown”
• http://www.time.com/time/daily/chernobyl/860512.cover.html
• Uranium Information Center. August 2004. Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper 22. “Chernobyl Accident”
• http://www.uic.com.au/nip22.htm
• Ukrainian Web; Chernobyl Tour
• http://www.ukrainianweb.com/chernobyl_ukraine.htm
• Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia; Chernobyl accident
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_accident