A Strategy to Tackle Rust Menace: Integrating MAS with Breeding for Durable Rust Resistance

A Strategy to Tackle
Rust Menace :
Integrating MAS
with Breeding for
Durable Rust
Resistance
IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute
K. V. Prabhu
Division of Genetics
Indian Agricultural Research Institute
New Delhi-110012
BGRI Workshop 21 August 2013, New Delhi

Wheat area, production and productivity
scenario in India (1964-2011)
Courtesy: Project Director, DWR

33.7
36
45.5
46
46.8
44
45.1
45.7
45.8
45.4
35.3
42.5
47.1
51.3
61.5
48.9
63
62.9
61.5
61
64.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
YieldPotential(Q/ha)
Variety (Year of Release)
Landmark wheat releases in India
68.0
HD 2967
DPW
621-50
WH 1105
Courtesy: Project Director, DWR

IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute Changing Climate Taking a Toll : Abiotic stress
and yellow rust

Strategies
to
cope
with

changing
climate

1.  Exploitation of alien genetic variation (wild
species and genera, land races etc.)
2.  Enhanced input use efficiency
3.  Breeding for earliness
4.  Varieties for fragile ecosystems
Ø Plant breeding strategies:
Ø Biotechnological tools:
1.  Marker assisted breeding
2.  Transgenics/Cisgenics
3.  Genomics, proteomics etc.
4.  TILLING/ECOTILLING (search for new genes)

F2
P2
F1
P1 x
large populations consisting of
thousands of plants
PHENOTYPIC SELECTION
Field trialsGlasshouse trials
DonorRecipient
CONVENTIONAL PLANT BREEDING
Salinity screening in phytotron Bacterial blight screening
Phosphorus deficiency plot

F2
P2
F1
P1 x
large populations (e.g. 2000 plants)
ResistantSusceptible
MAS for 1 QTL – 75% elimination of (3/4) unwanted genotypes
MAS for 2 QTLs – 94% elimination of (15/16) unwanted genotypes

Marker Assisted Wheat
Breeding : Rust Resistance

PYRAMIDING Lr/Sr and Yr
GENES

Lr24 and Lr28 are fixed in HD2329 and PBW343
background

MAS for Adult Plant Resistance (APR)

1
2 3
Standardization of methodology for APR for
leaf rust resistance under controlled condition

Screening of APR and susceptible individuals of the cross [ Agra Local
XCSP44 (Lr48)] with SSR marker Xgwm372275 (top) and RAPD S3450
Lr48
S3450
S336775
S369950
Xgwm37227
5
4BL
11.8 ± 0.054 cM
3.6 ± 0.043 cM
2.7 ± 0.025 cM
15.3 ± 0.049 cM

Network Project
On
Molecular Marker Assisted Development of
Biotic Stress Resistant Wheat Varieties
(2009-2014)
Accelerated Crop Improvement Programme
Funded by Department of Biotechnology
Ministry of Science and Technology
Government of India, New Delhi

Molecular markers employed for MAS for
leaf, stem and stripe rust resistance genes
Gene Marker Marker Type Reference
Lr24 SCS1302 SCAR Prabhu et al. 2004
Lr34 csLV34 STS Lagudah et al. 2006
Lr57/Yr40 XLr57/Yr40-
MAS-CAPS16
PCR-CAPs Kuraparthy et al. 2009
Lr28 SCS421 SCAR Cherukuri et al. 2006
Lr9 SCS5 TPSCAR Gupta et al. 2006
Lr58 PS16 SSR Kuraparthy et al. 2009
Sr25/Lr19 Xwmc 221 SSR Gupta et al. 2006
Sr26 43BE518379 SCAR Liu et al. 2009
Yr10 Xpsp 3000 SSR Bariana et al. 2002
Yr15 Xgwm 273 SSR Peng et al. 2006
Lr48 Xwmc332 SSR Samsampour et al.2010
Lr25 Xgwm 251 SSR Singh et al. 2012
IndianCouncilofAgriculturalResearch

Targeted Varieties (16)
HD 2733*
HD 2932*
HD 2967
PBW 343*
PBW 550
DBW 17
UP 2338*
VL 738*
HS 240*
HS 325
Shivalik*
HI 8498
NI 5439
Lok1
HUW 252*
MACS 3125
* Products ready for trials from Rabi2013

Rust
res.

Product

Delivery

Region

trait

Period

1. Leaf and stripe HS240, HS295 2013-15 NHZ
rusts VL 738, UP2338 NEPZ
UP 2382
2. Leaf, stem and HD 2967, PBW550 2013-15 NWPZ
stripe rusts HD 2733, PBW343 NEPZ
3. Leaf and stem Lok1, NI5439 2013-15 CZ, PZ
rusts HI 8498, HD2932
MACS3125
Product Delivery Schedule for ReleaseIndianCouncilofAgriculturalResearch

Standards to Qualify MABB
Derived Products in Wheat
(To come into effect from 2013-14 Rabi
season)
Proceedings of Meeting held at DWR, Karnal on
6th October 2012
FAST-TRACKING RELEASES FROM MOLECULAR
BREEDING SCHEMES

Guidelines on NILs/MAS Product
Testing/Release/Notification under
Seed Act 1966
Approved during the 48th Meeting of Central Sub-Committee on Crop
Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural
Crops, 24 Dec. 2007

Ø Notified on 24 Dec 2007 as proceedings of 48th Meeting of Seed Committee, GoI

Ø The recurrent parent (RP) should be a notified variety/parental line of a hybrid
lacking in specific traits

Ø NILs (EDV) should be in conformity with RP for DUS trait but should have one
or two phenotypic characters differing from RP to facilitate seed certification
and yield at least on par with RP

Ø The NILs (EDV) should have a minimum of 85% RPG recovery based on
background selection.

Ø Identification, notification and release of NILs: The NILs which have
successfully completed two years of testing under AVT1-NIL as per the
guidelines/criteria mentioned above should be identified, released and notified
as a new variety

Fast Tracking of MAS derived NIL (by
notification under Seed Act 1966)

IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute “Minor genes” for durability of resistance

Breeding for
“Minor genes”
based resistance
Breeding for
“gene
pyramided”
resistance
IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute The genetic basis for the approach…….

Minor
Genes
:
A
realizable
op@on


• Recombination breeding using diverse parental lineages
Facilitation for mobilization of multiple genes for
resistance from different wheat strains in the pedigree
in high yielding recombination
How Was the Challenge Met?....

Pedigree
analysis
of
HD
2967

ALD/COC//URES/HD 2160/HD 2277
ALD/COC URES

HD 2160 HD 2277
Pedigree
analysis
of
HD
2967


Concept of durable resistance
consolidated and validated by CIMMYT
Slide courtesy : Ravi Singh, CIMMYT

Courtesy : Ravi Singh, CIMMYT 2010

How was the Challenge Tackled …contd.
A. Durable or Horizontal Resistance Breeding
•  Exposure of the segregating materials at hot
spot locations (Wellington, Dhaulakuan,
Dharwad, Indore) at different stages
(shuttling)
•  Facilitation of screening against yellow/black
or yellow/leaf or black rust enabling us to pick
up only the disease resistant plants with levels
of 10S-30MSS under high disease pressure


REJECT (40S>80S)
SELECT (5S-20S)
Selection for Minor GenesIndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute

•  Targe&ng
minor
genes
by
adop&ng
molecular

markers
for
rejec&on
of
all
known
Lr,
Yr
and
Sr

major
genes
with
the
help
of
molecular
markers

•  This
approach
was
adopted
to
facilitate
the

accumula@on

of
minor
genes
in
the
selec@ons

under
high
disease
pressure
are
going
to
be
other

than
these
major
genes
as
the
major
genes
can

be
overcome
by
the
evolving
races
of
the

pathogen
in
a
short
period
aDer
cul@va@on.

Durable or Horizontal Resistance Breeding

Major genes functional in India
Lr9, Lr24,Lr28, Lr48, Lr28, Lr19
Sr2*,Sr24, Sr25, Sr31*
Yr9*, Yr5*, Yr10, Yr15,Yr37
*genetic marker or seedling pathology
Screening advanced and parental lines
for the presence of major genes using
molecular or genetic markers

Per cent genome recovery of HD2733
q  Maximum genetic background of 94.82% was recovered in BC2F2
of HD2733/ HD2687+Lr19/2/HD2733
q  Maximum genetic background of 95.12% was recovered in BC2F2
of HD2733/HD2687+Lr24/2/HD2733
q  Maximum genetic background of 96.25% was recovered in BC2F2 of
HD2733/HD2687+Yr15/2/HD2733
q  Evaluation of BC2F3 at all four locations for drought and heat
q  Intercross NILs: HD 2733 lines(DHT) X HD2733 (RR)
Selection in F2-F4
Reconstitution of HD 2733 with drought and
heat tolerance + Rust resistance

Acknowledgements
• NATP, DBT, ACIAR, ICAR, IARI, NRCPB,
PAU, DWR
• Young Research Fellows and investigators for
having stuck together as ONE TEAM displaying
full cooperation
(Cherukuri DP, Ashwini Charpe, Sudhir Gupta, Sunita Koul, Yogesh Vikal, Parveen
Chhuneja, H S Dhaliwal, Bahram Maleki, Davood Samsampour, Anupam Singh,
Pallavi J. K, Niharika, Bhojraja, Vinod, J.B. Sharma, G.P. Singh, Neelu Jain, T.
Ramya, Rajbir Yadav)

Thank You

A Strategy to Tackle Rust Menace: Integrating MAS with Breeding for Durable Rust Resistance

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