Introduction to XML

Introduction to XML Svetlin Nakov Bulgarian Association of Software Developers www.devbg.org

Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is XML? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is XML? (2) ,[object Object],[object Object]

XML - Example <?xml version="1.0"?> <library name=".NET Developer's Library"> <book> <title>Programming Microsoft .NET</title> <author>Jeff Prosise</author> <isbn>0-7356-1376-1</isbn> </book> <book> <title>Microsoft .NET for Programmers</title> <author>Fergal Grimes</author> <isbn>1-930110-19-7</isbn> </book> </library>

XML – Example <?xml version="1.0"?> <library name=".NET Developer's Library" > <book> <title>Programming Microsoft .NET</title> <author>Jeff Prosise</author> <isbn>0-7356-1376-1</isbn> </book> <book> <title>Microsoft .NET for Programmers</title> <author>Fergal Grimes</author> <isbn> 1-930110-19-7 </isbn> </book> </library> attribute header part ( prolog ) element closing tag element value opening tag

XML and HTML ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Well-Formed Documents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Well-Formed Documents (2) ,[object Object],< xml> <button bug! value="OK name="b1"> <animation source="demo1.avi"> 1 < 2 < 3 </click-button> < / xml >

When to Use XML? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XML Disadvantages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Namespaces ,[object Object],<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <country:towns xmlns:country="urn:nakov-com:country" xmlns:town="http:// www. nakov.com/town"> <town:town> <town:name> Sofia </town:name> <town:population>1 200 000</town:population> <country:name> Bulgaria </country:name> </town:town> <town:town> <town:name>Plovdiv</town:name> <town:population>700 000</town:population> <country:name>Bulgaria</country:name> </town:town> </country:towns>

Namespaces - Example <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <country:towns xmlns:country="urn:nakov-com:country" xmlns:town="http:// www. nakov.com/town"> <town:town> <town:name>Sofia</town:name> <town:population>1 200 000</town:population> <country:name>Bulgaria</country:name> </town:town> <town:town> <town:name>Plovdiv</town:name> <town:population>700 000</town:population> <country:name> Bulgaria </country:name> </town:town> </country:towns> Namespace with prefix " country " and URI identifier " urn:nakov-com:country " Tag with name " name " from namespace " country ", the full name is " urn:nakov-com:country:name "

Namespaces (2) ,[object Object],<?xml version="1.0" encoding="windows-1251"?> <order xmlns="http://www.hranitelni-stoki.com/orders" > <item> <name>бира "Загорка"</name> <ammount> 8 </ammount> <measure>бутилка</measure> <price> 3 . 76 </price> </item> <item> <name>кебапчета</name> <ammount>12</ammount> <measure>брой</measure> <price> 4.20 </price> </item> </order>

Schemes and Validation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The DTD Language ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The DTD Language (2) ,[object Object],<!ELEMENT library (book+)> <!ATTLIST library name CDATA #REQUIRED > <!ELEMENT book (title, author, isbn)> <!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT author (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT isbn (#PCDATA)>

XSD Schemes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XSD Scheme Example <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <xs:element name="library"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="book" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string" use="optional"/> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> (the example continues)

XSD Scheme Example (2) <xs:element name="book"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="title"/> <xs:element ref="author"/> <xs:element ref="isbn"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="title" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="author" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="isbn" type="xs:string"/> </xs:schema>

XPath ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],/library/book[isbn= ' 1-930110-19-7 ' ] /catalog/cd[ @ price < 10.80]

XPath Expressions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XSL for Cross - Media Publishing PDF as digital preprint HTML a s standard I nternet F ormat For Online P ublishing Author writes in text processing system using style sheets System saves as/ converts to XML <XML-Document> Catalogue entry MARC-Format Library catalogue XSLT-Stylesheet XSLT-Stylesheet XSLT-Stylesheet

XSL Transformation Language (XSLT)

What is XSLT? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XSL/XSLT Capabilities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Browsers Support ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Simple XML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <catalog> <cd> <title> Evergreens </title> <artist></artist> <country>USA</country> <company> USA Music Enterprise </company> <price>1 2 . 0 0</price> <year>198 0 </year> </cd> . . . </catalog> First we have a XML document catalog.xml

Create an XSL Style Sheet <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <br/> <xsl:value-of select="title"/> <xsl:value-of select="artist"/> </xsl:for-each> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Then create an XSL Style Sheet ( cdc.xsl )

Link the XSL Style Sheet to the XML Document ,[object Object],[object Object],<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="cdc.xsl"?> <catalog> ... </catalog>

Output Format Control <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl= . . .> <xsl:output method= " html " encoding= " UTF-8 " … /> <xsl:template match = " / " > <HTML>…</HTML> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XSLT Specification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Template Element ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],<xsl:template match="/"> … </xsl:template>

Import Element ,[object Object],<stylesheet … > < import href="tables.xsl"/> < import href="features.xsl"> <template … > … </template> … </stylesheet>

The <xsl:value-of> Element ,[object Object],Note: The value of the select attribute is an XPath expression ... <xsl:value-of select="catalog/cd/title"/> <xsl:value-of select="catalog/cd/artist"/> ...

The <xsl:for-each> Element ,[object Object],Note: The value of the select attribute is an XPath expression ... <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <br/> <xsl:value-of select="title"/> <xsl:value-of select="artist"/> </xsl:for-each> </body> ...

The <xsl:for-each> Element Filter output ,[object Object],<xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd[artist='Bob Dylan ']"> ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XSLT <xsl:sort> Element ,[object Object],[object Object],Note: The select attribute indicates what XML element to sort on <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <xsl:sort select="artist"/> <br/> <xsl:value-of select="title"/> <xsl:value-of select="artist"/> </xsl:for-each> </body>

Sort Element Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],<xsl:sort select=" product/price " data-type="number" order="descending" />

The <xsl:if> Element ,[object Object],Note: The value of the required test attribute contains the expression to be evaluated <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <xsl:if test="price > 10"> <br/> <xsl:value-of select="title"/> <xsl:value-of select="artist"/> </xsl:if> </xsl:for-each> </body>

The <xsl:choose> Element ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],<xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="XPath expression "> ... some output ... </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> ... some output .... </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose>

The <xsl:apply-templates> Element ,[object Object],[object Object],Note: The value of the required select attribute is a XPath expression <xsl:template match="cd"> <p> <xsl:apply-templates select="title"/> </p> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="title" > Title: <xsl:value-of select="."/> <br /> </xsl:template>

Variable Element ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reusing Templates ,[object Object],// A named template called by call-template <xsl:template name="CreateHeader" > <html:hr/> <html:h2>***<xsl:apply-templates/>***</html:h2> <html:hr/> </xsl:template> ... <xsl:template match="title"> < xsl:call-template name="CreateHeader" /> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="head"> < xsl:call-template name=”CreateHeader" /> </xsl:template>

Attribute Values ,[object Object],[object Object],<full-name first="John" second="Smith"/> ----------------------------------------- <xsl:template match="full-name"> <ajr:person> <xsl:value-of select="@first" > <xsl:value-of select="@second" > </ajr:person> <ajr:person name="{@first} {@second}" /> </xsl:template> ----------------------------------------- <ajr:person>John Smith</ajr:person> <ajr:person name="John Smith"/>

Creating Elements ,[object Object],[object Object],<xsl:template match= " name " > <xsl:element name= " {.}"> Nice person! </xsl:element> </xsl:template> <name>Gosho</name Input <Gosho> Nice person! </Gosho> Result

Introduction to XML ,[object Object]

Exercises ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercises (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercises (3) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Introduction to XML

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Introduction to XML

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