This document discusses the characteristics of students with mild to moderate intervention needs. It notes that these students often have specific learning disabilities, emotional/behavioral disorders, or cognitive disabilities. Additionally, students with ADHD, traumatic brain injuries, or autism spectrum disorders may require similar intervention levels. For each of these disabilities - ADHD, TBI, and ASD - the document provides definitions from sources like the DSM-IV and characteristics commonly associated with each disability.

1. CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS WITH
MILD/MODERATE INTERVENTION NEEDS
SPED 4/53050
INSTRUCTOR: BRIAN FRIEDT
Week eight:
Other disabilities

2. Mild/moderate intervention needs
For the most part, we’re talking about students we’ve
already discussed:
 Students with specific learning disabilities
 Students with emotional or behavioral disorders
 Students with cognitive disabilities
However, students with other disabilities might
require a similar level of intervention:
 Students with ADHD
 Students with a traumatic brain injury
 Students with autism spectrum disorder

3. Prevalence

4. ADHD – Definition
Distinct from a learning disability
Generally diagnosed by a medical professional
Six symptoms from DSM IV for six months
See text, p. 170-171

5. ADHD - Definition
 (ix) "Other health impairment" means having limited strength, vitality,
or alertness, including a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli,
that result in limited alertness with respect to the educational
environment. These chronic or acute health problems must adversely
affect a child’s educational performance, that:
 (a) Is due to chronic or acute health problems such as asthma,
attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder, diabetes, epilepsy, a heart condition, hemophilia, lead
poisoning, leukemia, nephritis, rheumatic fever, sickle cell anemia,
and tourette syndrome; and
 (b) Adversely affects a child’s educational performance.

6. ADHD - Characteristics
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Inattention
Generalized behavioral inhibition

7. TBI - Definition
 (xii) "Traumatic brain injury" means an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external
physical force or by other medical conditions, including but not limited to stroke,
anoxia, infectious disease, aneurysm, brain tumors and neurological insults
resulting from medical or surgical treatments. The injury results in total or partial
functional disability or psychosocial impairment or both, that adversely affects a
child’s educational performance. The term applies to open or closed head injuries,
as well as to other medical conditions that result in acquired brain injuries. The injuries
result in impairments in one or more areas such as cognition; language;
memory; attention; reasoning; abstract thinking; judgment; problem-
solving; sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities; psychosocial behavior;
physical functions; information processing; and speech. The term does not apply
to brain injuries that are congenital or degenerative or to brain injuries induced by birth
trauma. This definition replaces the definition of traumatic brain injury in 34 C.F.R.
300.8(c)(12) (October 13, 2006) and shall be used instead whenever the federal
regulations at 34 C.F.R. Part 300 (October 13, 2006), state statutes at Chapter 3323, of
the Revised Code, or the state rules in Chapter 3301-51 of the Administrative Code refer to
traumatic brain injury.

8. TBI - Characteristics
Wildly variant depending on nature, severity and
location of injury
 Memory deficits
 Acquisition deficits
 Generalized learning problems
 Generalized behavior problems/abnormalities

9. ASD - Definition
 (i) "Autism" means a developmental disability significantly affecting
verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally
evident before age three, that adversely affects a child’s educational
performance. Other characteristics often associated with "autism" are
engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements,
resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, and
unusual responses to sensory experiences.

10. ASD - Definition
Autism spectrum disorders
Autism
High functioning autism
Asperger’s syndrome

11. ASD - Characteristics
Social interaction difficulty
 Peer/adult relationship problems
 Lack of reciprocity/empathy
Communication problems
 Difficulty with receptive language
 Conversational problems
Obsessive behaviors
 Perseveration
 Insistence on routine