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1. Temperate Deciduous Forest
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2. Description
 Also known as temperate broad-leaf forests.
 Mainly characterized by trees that lose their leaves every
year.
 Located at the center of latitude areas
 Between polar and the tropic regions.
 Areas exposed to cold and warm air, influencing their
experience of four seasons.
 Temperature variance in these regions from season to
season
 Cold winters and hot or wet summers.
 Receive between 750-1500 mm of rainfall every year, evenly
spread
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3. Description
 As trees prepare for winter, they change color and drop
their leaves.
 Use the mechanism to survive in such conditions.
 Other adaptations to the cold winters:
 Dormancy and going to sleep
 Thick barks, offering protection from cold weather.
 Trees grow and flower during summer and the spring
seasons, when weather is bearable.
 Plants in forest are mainly shrubs, herbs.
 Most trees have broad leaves.
 Deciduous means “falling off or out at a certain season”
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4. Location
 In the temperate zones
 Upper side of the tropical forests and on the lower side of the
coniferous forests.
 In most parts of Europe, eastern part of North America, Asia and in
some parts of Japan.
 However, seem to be diminishing in these areas.
 Due to human activity and climate change.
 In regions with very rich soils; good for agricultural practice.
 Little natural deciduous forests left; eliminated for the purposes of
farming.
 Other temperate forests in Eastern North America - between 35-480N
 Also on the other side in Europe and Asia - around 45-600N
 Some deciduous forests in the southern hemisphere,
 Plants, animals found here are different from those in northern
deciduous forests.
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5. Types of plants
 Dominated by eucalyptus trees, fir, pine, spruce, cypress, and
giant Sequoia.
 Characterized by hardy trees able to survive extreme weather.
 Five zones in deciduous forests:
i. tree stratum zone- 60 and 100 feet tall beech, oak, maple,
chestnut hickory, basswood, elm, walnut, and sweet gum
trees.
ii. sapling and small tree - young and short trees.
iii. shrub zone - shrubs like rhododendrons, azaleas,
huckleberries and mountain laurel
iv. herb zone - herbal plants.
v. Ground zone - mainly the lichen, true mosses and the club
mosses.
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6. Types of animals
 Great diversity of animal life
 Insects, slugs, spiders, salamanders and turtles.
 Broad-winged hawks, snowy owls, pileated
woodpeckers, and cardinals
 Mammals: raccoons, white-tailed deer, opossum, red
foxes and porcupines.
 Have adaptations to changing climatic conditions of
the area.
 Some hibernate, others migrate during harsh
conditions
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7. Economic significance
 Huge biodiversity
 Home to broad variety of plant, animal species
 Rich resource in balancing the ecosystem
 Trees a rich source of lumber for houses, other wood
products.
 Excellent sites for hiking, camping, tourism
 Rich source of employment to the people around.
 Good source of herbal medicine, used in medical
fields
 Rich agricultural resources
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8. Threats
 Global warming – the greenhouse effect.
 Desertification, loss of biodiversity.
 Human activity, industrialization causing heavy
logging
 Mining, illegal harvesting of plants, animals –
poaching
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