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Body Systems: Unit 5
Integumentary  System Lesson One Chapter 15
Lesson 1 Your skin has two main layers which include the  epidermis  – the outer, thinner layer of your skin, and the  dermis  – the inner, thicker layer of your skin.  The  epidermis  is made of both dead and living cells.  New cells arise to the surface to replace the old ones. Some of the cells in the epidermis produce  melanin , the pigment that gives skin, hair and the iris of the eyes their coloring. Melanin determines the color in your skin. The  dermis  is made up of connective tissue that gives the skin its elasticity, or spongy, flexible quality. Under the dermis is tissue called the hypodermis. Although it is not part of your skin, it attaches your skin to the bone and muscle. Structure of the Skin
Functions of the Skin Lesson 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Skin Care and Problems With the Skin Lesson 1 Some common problems with the skin are as followed: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The skin should be washed every morning and evening with soap and water. A balanced eating style should also be used to promote healthy skin. Everyone needs to bathe, wash, or shower daily to prevent bacteria that causes body odor. Vitamin A also helps with your health and some items that include this are: milk, egg yolks, liver, green leafy and yellow vegetables, and yellow fruits.
The Skeletal System Lesson 2
Lesson 2 Functions   The skeleton provides a strong, stable, and mobile framework on which muscles can act. It also supports and protects your internal organs.  Structure Axial skeleton:  -includes the 80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum -the vertebrae protect your spinal cord -The ribs protect your lungs and heart Appendicular skeleton: -includes the 126 bones of the shoulders, arms, hands, hips, legs and feet Joints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Care ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Muscular System Lesson 3
Lesson 3 Functions Without muscles, nothing in your body would work. Muscles pump blood through your body, move food through your digestive system, and control the movement of air in and out of your lungs. Structure The major muscles are: Smooth muscles:  the type of muscle concerned with the movements of internal organs Skeletal muscles:  the striped, or striated, muscles attached to bones that cause body movements Cardiac muscle:  a special type of striated tissue that forms the walls of the heart Care ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nervous System Chapter 16 Lesson 1
Lesson 1 Function Your nervous system controls all your body’s actions and functions. Structure Central Nervous System:  receives and analyzes information and initiates responses. Includes the spinal cord and brain. Peripheral Nervous System:  gathers information from inside and outside of your body.  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reflex Action A spontaneous response of the body to a stimulus.
Lesson 2 Care of the Nervous System To keep your nervous system functioning well, you need: -Regular exercise -Proper nutrition -Adequate rest and sleep Problems Accidents can damage or destroy nerve tissue Degenerative diseases can destroy nerve tissue in the brain or spinal column. Drug and alcohol use can lead to nervous system disorders. Head Injuries Any direct blow to the head can lead to possible brain injury. A concussion, a temporary disturbance of the brain’s ability to function, is the most common and mildest kind of brain injury. A contusion is more serious though and can result in a coma. Spinal Injuries Injury on the spinal cord can lead to paralysis. An injury at neck level may result in quadriplegia and paralysis is in both the arms and legs. Injury at the chest level or lower affects the legs and lower body. Degenerative Diseases Parkinson’s disease:  caused by degeneration of the nerve cells within the brain that modify nerve impulses transmitted from the motor areas of the brain. Multiple sclerosis:  the destruction of the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. Alzheimer’s disease:  causes general mental deterioration Other Disorders Epilepsy:  a disorder of the nervous system that is characterized by seizures Cerebral Palsy:  a group of nonprogressive neurological disorders that are the result of damage to the brain before birth, during birth, in the newborn period, or in early childhood.
Lesson 3 Structure The principal structures are the  endocrine glands  which are ductless structures that secrete hormones .  Hormones   are chemical substances   produced by ductless glands that regulate the activities of different body cells. Glands Pituitary Gland:  regulates and controls the activities of all other endocrine glands. Thyroid Gland:  produces hormones that regulate metabolism-the use of nutrients by the body’s cells-body heat production, and bone growth. Parathyroid Glands:  structures that produce parathyroid  hormone, which regulates the body’s calcium and phosphorus balance.  Adrenal Glands:  two glands located on the top of the kidneys. The Pancreas The  pancreas  is a gland that serves two systems-the digestive and the endocrine. It is located behind the stomach, attached to the first section of the small intestine by a duct that transports its digestive juice to the intestine.  The Gonads Of all the endocrine glands, only the gonads are different in males and females. The ovaries (female) and testes (males) are apart of the reproductive system. The ovaries produce and release ova, and the testes produce and release sperm. Gonads play a huge part in the process of the reproductive system which will be discussed in chapter 19. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Endocrine System
Chapter 17 The Circulatory and  Respiratory Systems
Lesson 1 Functions Your circulatory system maintains an internal environment in which all the calls of you body are nourished. As your heart pumps blood, blood vessels carry oxygen and nutrients to body cells. At the same time another gas carbon dioxide, is carried along with waste matter from your cells and delivered to your lunges and  kidneys  for removal from the body. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Lymphatic system Your  body's circulatory system is supported  by a second network known as the  lymphatis system.  This system serves to functions. It drains tissue fluid back into the bloodstream, and it fights infection. All body tissues are bathes in watery fluids that comes from the blood. The remainder is carried to the heart through the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is your second circulatory system. The fluid is circulated through your body’s muscles.  Circulatory System
Care of the Circulatory and Lymphatic System Smoking puts added stress on your circulatory system. It increases blood pressure and heart rate by narrowing arteries. Being overweight is linked to high blood pressure and coronary heart disease, so maintaining an appropriate weight is important. Everyone should also have an aerobic exercise 3 times a week for 20 minutes and regular check ups are important too. Lesson 2 Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the force of blood in the main arteries. It rises and falls as the heart and muscles of the body cope with varying demands. When arterial pressure is at its greatest, it is called  systolic pressure.  When the arterial pressure is at its lowest, it is called  diastolic pressure. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
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Respiratory System Problems The respiratory system is a common site of infection. Some more serious infections of it are: Bronchitis Asthma Pneumonia Tuberculosis Emphysema Sinusitis
Your Digestive and Urinary Systems Chapter 18
Lesson 1 The Digestive System Functions Digestion-  the mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods for use by the body’s cells. Absorption-  the passage of digested foods from the digestive tract into the circulatory system. Elimination-  the expulsion of undigested food or body wastes  Structure Digestion begins before you take a bite of food when the aroma of food activates the salivary glands. The Mouth and Teeth The primary function of your teeth is to break food you eat into smaller pieces. Mastication is the process of chewing. Organs That Aid Digestion The Liver The Gallbladder The Pancreas
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Urinary System The chief function of the urinary system is to remove water soluble waste products that result from chemical changes to cells. Urine contains nitrogen and, therefore, would become toxic if allowed to remain in your body. Your bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that acts as a reservoir for urine. Care of the urinary system is to regularly drink fluids and to have a well-balanced eating style. Problems of the Urinary system is Cystitis-a bacterial infection of the bladder that occurs mostly in females and Urethritis- an inflammation of the urethra. Lesson 3
Your Body's Reproductive  System Chapter 19
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THE  END

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Unit 5 Health Book

  • 2. Integumentary System Lesson One Chapter 15
  • 3. Lesson 1 Your skin has two main layers which include the epidermis – the outer, thinner layer of your skin, and the dermis – the inner, thicker layer of your skin. The epidermis is made of both dead and living cells. New cells arise to the surface to replace the old ones. Some of the cells in the epidermis produce melanin , the pigment that gives skin, hair and the iris of the eyes their coloring. Melanin determines the color in your skin. The dermis is made up of connective tissue that gives the skin its elasticity, or spongy, flexible quality. Under the dermis is tissue called the hypodermis. Although it is not part of your skin, it attaches your skin to the bone and muscle. Structure of the Skin
  • 4.
  • 5.
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  • 10. Nervous System Chapter 16 Lesson 1
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  • 12. Lesson 2 Care of the Nervous System To keep your nervous system functioning well, you need: -Regular exercise -Proper nutrition -Adequate rest and sleep Problems Accidents can damage or destroy nerve tissue Degenerative diseases can destroy nerve tissue in the brain or spinal column. Drug and alcohol use can lead to nervous system disorders. Head Injuries Any direct blow to the head can lead to possible brain injury. A concussion, a temporary disturbance of the brain’s ability to function, is the most common and mildest kind of brain injury. A contusion is more serious though and can result in a coma. Spinal Injuries Injury on the spinal cord can lead to paralysis. An injury at neck level may result in quadriplegia and paralysis is in both the arms and legs. Injury at the chest level or lower affects the legs and lower body. Degenerative Diseases Parkinson’s disease: caused by degeneration of the nerve cells within the brain that modify nerve impulses transmitted from the motor areas of the brain. Multiple sclerosis: the destruction of the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. Alzheimer’s disease: causes general mental deterioration Other Disorders Epilepsy: a disorder of the nervous system that is characterized by seizures Cerebral Palsy: a group of nonprogressive neurological disorders that are the result of damage to the brain before birth, during birth, in the newborn period, or in early childhood.
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  • 14. Chapter 17 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
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  • 18. Respiratory System Problems The respiratory system is a common site of infection. Some more serious infections of it are: Bronchitis Asthma Pneumonia Tuberculosis Emphysema Sinusitis
  • 19. Your Digestive and Urinary Systems Chapter 18
  • 20. Lesson 1 The Digestive System Functions Digestion- the mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods for use by the body’s cells. Absorption- the passage of digested foods from the digestive tract into the circulatory system. Elimination- the expulsion of undigested food or body wastes Structure Digestion begins before you take a bite of food when the aroma of food activates the salivary glands. The Mouth and Teeth The primary function of your teeth is to break food you eat into smaller pieces. Mastication is the process of chewing. Organs That Aid Digestion The Liver The Gallbladder The Pancreas
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  • 22. Your Body's Reproductive System Chapter 19
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