The document discusses Roman art and architecture from the Republican to Imperial eras. It mentions sculptures such as the Augustus of Prima Porta and structures like the Ara Pacis. Specific topics covered include the seven wonders of the world, Etruscan sculpture, the Battle of Actium, and the transition from Republican to Imperial Rome under Augustus. Propaganda and idealism in Roman art during these periods is also addressed.

1. Mosaic (from Pella, Macedonia) TESSERAE: The individual chips in a mosaic

2. Ephesus

3. Pergamon: Acropolis—ALTAR OF ZEUS Giants: Primeval, cthonic monsters “ Gigantomachy”

4. Pergamon: ASCLEPION Asclepius: Healing god

9. Destroyed—Christians, 401 AD SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD: TEMPLE of ARTEMIS at EPHESUS

12. ETRUSCANS: Cental Italy, Tuscany (Etruria) 

13. Apollo of Veii sculpted by Vulca of Veii? Etruscan sculpture

14. Rome

15. VERISTIC (Topographical) Blunt, unidealized portraits, intended to convey Republican virtues through physiognomy (the study of the face): --seriousness --experience --loyalty --determination Rome: Republican-era sculpture

16. BATTLE OF ACTIUM (31 BC) Naval Battle, Ionian Sea Octavian vs. combined forces of Marc Antony and Cleopatra (Egyptian Ptolomeic Queen) Octavian: adopted son of Julius Caesar Caesarion: son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra; Marc Antony, aligned with Cleopatra, tried to promote Caesarion as the true heir of Caesar

17. 27 BC: AUGUSTUS (“Supreme Ruler”) Roman Empire

18. Octavian Augustus Octavian: Changes his name to Augustus

19. Greek idealism: generic (the perfectibility of human nature) Roman idealism: specific (highly propagandistic) Rome: Imperial sculpture Greece: Doryphoros Rome: Augustus

20. Rome: Imperial sculpture Augustus of Prima Porta

21. Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta Ideal: generic idea Ideal: specific individual

22. Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta Cupid: Son of Venus; father of Aeneas  Dolphin: Symbol of Venus; born from the sea  Julio-Claudian line: Claimed to be descended from Aeneas

23. Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)  Parthian  Standard Roman soldier 

24. Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)  Caelus: canopy of the sky  Moon: descending Sun: ascending  Apollo: sun   Diana: moon Mother Earth figure with  cornucopia (horn of plenty): Wealth and bounty of the new age that is dawning

25. Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass) Return of standards signifies the dawn of a new era under of pride and patriotism under Augustus, which will lead to Roman prosperity.

26. Ara Pacis Augustae Ara: altar Pacis: peace Augustae: Augustan “ The Altar of Augustan Peace” Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propaganda ARA PACIS

27. Context: CAMPUS MARTIUS Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propaganda ARA PACIS

28. Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propaganda ARA PACIS  Aeneas Shrine   Sow

29. Peace and bounty carried over earth and sea, blown by wind and carried by waters to four corners of the earth + Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propaganda ARA PACIS