Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Honors Seminar Presentation Tuckel Torres
1. The Geographic Distribution of
Freshmen Students at Hunter
College
2010-2011
Prianka Ahmed
Denys Dukhovnov
Danielle Finne
Reneel Langdon
Fausto Lopez
Murtaza Munir
Tomoko Shiohara
Lira Skenderi
Olivia Torres
Peter Tuckel
Spring 2012
2. Primary Objective
• The main objective of this research is
to display the geographic distribution
of the residences of students at
various stages of the admissions
process for Hunter. These stages
range from application to acceptance
to enrollment to retention.
3. Data
• The primary dataset upon which this
analysis rests consists of the total
number freshmen students who applied,
who were admitted, who enrolled, and
who were retained after one semester
and one year by zip code during the year
of 2010 to 2011. The data is also
disaggregated by race: non-Hispanic
white, non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic
Asian and Hispanic.
4. Data II
• Appended to this primary data set
were two demographic variables from
the decennial (2000) U.S. census at the
zip code level. These variables were
the racial composition of the zip code
(non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic
black, non-Hispanic Asian and
Hispanic) and median household
income.
6. Overall Number who Apply, are
Admitted, Enroll, and Are Retained for One
Semester, and Retained for One Year
35000
30000
Number of Students
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Applied Accepted Enrolled Retained Retained
after 1 after 1 year
semester
University Status
7. Application, Acceptance and
Enrollment rates
• 30,256 people applied to Hunter
College
• 25.1% (7,604 students) who
applied to Hunter College were
accepted
• Of that 25%, 23.5% students chose
to enroll (1788 students)
8. Retention rates
• After one semester, 90 students left
Hunter
• After one year, an additional 198
students left Hunter
• In total, 288 students left Hunter
within one year.
• Hunter College’s retention rate was
83.9%
10. The Total Number of Students who Apply
by Race
8000
7000
6000
Number of Students
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Asian Black Hispanic White Other
11. The Total Number of Students who
Apply by Race
• The largest group of applicants were
Hispanics, who made up 23.1% of all
applicants.
• The second largest group of applicants
where Whites which made up 20.8% of the
applicants.
• 19.3% of applicants were Asian.
• 19.2% of applicants were Black.
12. Applicants by County
9000
8000
Number fo Students
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
County
13. Applicants by County
•The largest amount of applicants came from
Queens County, with 8,377 applicants
•Following closely, Kings County (Brooklyn) had
8,007 applicants
•The number of applicants from every other
county decreases significantly: the county with the
third largest number of applicants was Bronx
county with 4,707 applicants
•New York and Richmond county had 2958 and
1656 applicants respectively
14. Applicants by County II
•Outside of the 5 boroughs, Nassau county had the
most applicants with 1,117 total.
•The “Select NJ counties” collectively make up 266
applicants—this essentially makes NJ counties
irrelevant
15. Applicants by Race and County
Combined
100%
90%
black
80%
70% hispanic
Percentage
60%
white
50%
40% asian
30%
20%
10%
0%
Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten
Island
County
16. Applicants by Race and County
Combined II
100%
90%
80%
70%
Percentage
60%
50%
40%
Black
30%
Hispanic
20%
10%
White
0% Asian
County
17. Applicants by Race and County Combined
•In Queens, the number one borough of
applicants, Asians and Hispanic applicants
predominate
•In Brooklyn, Blacks applicants predominate
•In Manhattan, Hispanics are the largest group of
applicants
•Outside of the 5 boroughs, White applicants tend to
predominate
19. The Number of Students Who Are
Admitted by Race
3000
2500
Number of Students
2000
1500
1000
500
0
White Asian Hispanic Black
Race
20. The Number of Students Who Are
Admitted by Race
•2,556 White applicants were admitted
•2,262 Asian applicants were admitted
•Following in distant third place were Hispanics with
896 applicants admitted
•Only 642 Black applicants were admitted
21. Admissions Rate by Race
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
Percentage of Students
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
White Asian Hispanic Black Total
Race
22. A Comparison of the Racial Composition
of Applicants and Admitted Students
Applicants by Race Admitted by Race
Hispanic Hispanic
White White
Asian Asian
Black Black
23. The Percent of Those Who Apply
who Are Admitted by Race
•Whites had the highest rate of admission with 40.5%
of those who applied being admitted.
•This is much higher than the rate of admission for
Blacks, where only 11.7% of those who applied were
ultimately admitted.
•The admission rate of White people is also much
higher than that of Hispanics, of which only 12.8% of
all Hispanic who applied were admitted.
•Asian also had a comparatively high admission rate
with 38.7% of Asians who applied were admitted
26. Admissions Rate by County
60.00%
50.00%
Percentage of Students
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
County
27. Admissions Rate by County
• Among the five boroughs, the Bronx
had by far the lowest admissions rate
• Outside the five boroughs, admission
rates tended to be much higher, with
the highest rate being from Suffolk
county with 55% being admitted
29. Number of Admitted Students who
Enroll by Race
800
Total Enrolled: 1788
700
Number of Students
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Black Hispanic Asian White
Race
30. Number of Admitted Students who
Enroll by Race
• Asians and Whites enroll at higher
rates with 590 and 698 enrollees
respectively
31. Percentage of Admitted Students
40.00%
who Enroll by Race
Percent of students who enrolled
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Hispanic Black White Asian
Race
32. Percentage of Admitted Students
Who Enroll by Race
Despite having the lowest rates
of admission at ~12%, Hispanics
and Blacks ultimately chose to
enroll more often than Whites or
Asians, who were admitted at
much higher rates (38% - 40%)
33. Enrolled Students by County
700
600
Number of Enrolless
500
400
300
200
100
0
County
34. Enrolled Students by County
• Most enrolled students come from
Queens and Brooklyn
• The total number of enrolled students
from the other counties is
considerably less.
35. The Percent of Those Who Are
Admitted Who Enroll by County
30.00%
25.00%
Percentage of Students
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Queens Kings New York Nassau Bronx Richmond Suffolk Westchester Select NJ
Counties
County
36. The Percent of Those Who Are
Admitted Who Enroll by County
• The five boroughs tend to have higher
enrollment rates than the other
counties, with the exception of
Richmond County (Staten
Island), which has the same
enrollment rate as Suffolk County
43. Geographic Distribution of Number
of Enrolled Students by Zip Codes
of 8 counties
• An overwhelming majority of enrolled
students come from counties that are
in very close proximity to Hunter.
44. Geographic Distribution of Number
of Enrolled Students by Zip Codes
of the 5 boroughs
• As we zoom in to examine the 5
boroughs, we can see that most
enrollees come from outside of
Hunter’s home borough, Manhattan
47. Location of Select CUNY Senior
Colleges
• There are many clusters of Freshmen
enrollees who live close to a different
CUNY, but choose to attend Hunter
instead.
• Reasons may include: perceived
prestige, a desire to experience
Manhattan more fully, etc.
49. Map of Enrolled Students and MTA
Subway Lines
• In the map that shows the subway
lines, it seems that close proximity to a
subway line creates clusters of high
enrollment rates. Proximity to a subway
line is likely to be a vital factor in
deciding whether to attend Hunter or
not.
50. Mapping of Median Income
and Racial Composition of Zip
Codes in Bronx County
53. Number of Enrollees and
Median Income of Zip Codes
in Bronx County
• Lower to Middle Class students tend
to enroll in higher numbers. However,
those in the lowest or highest income
bracket do not frequently enroll.
55. Number of Enrollees and Racial Composition of Zip Codes
in Bronx County
• The areas with the highest enrollment
numbers consist of non-white
minorities.
56. Mapping of Median Income
and Racial Composition of
Zip Codes in New York
County (Manhattan)
59. Number of Enrollees and Median Income of Zip Codes in Manhattan
The Lower East Side has the highest concentration of enrollees,
and one of the lowest median incomes in Manhattan.
Areas with the highest media incomes have the lowest enrollment
61. Number of Enrollees and
Racial Composition of Zip
Codes in Manhattan
The zipcode with the highest concentration of enrollees is 10002,
which is in the Lower East Side.
The areas with the highest concentration of enrollees are minorities.
62. Mapping of Median Income
and Racial Composition of
Zip Codes in Queens County
67. Number of Enrollees and Racial Composition of Zip
Codes in Queens
Areas with lowest enrollment are primarily black
Ares with the highest enrollment are mixed—some have
many Hispanics, some have majority Asian
68. Mapping of Median Income
and Racial Composition of
Zip Codes in Kings County
(Brooklyn)
73. Fix me
In brooklyn, in areas that generally have low number of enrolless h
Blakc ppl, high enrollment have asian white. Not too many hispani
Relationship between race and income is not necessariyl t
white areas have hog enrollment, but low income
Drawing from white/asian in brooklyn, but these whitesa re
Class
74. Findings
• In all four boroughs illustrated, areas
with lower to middle class median
incomes tend to have more people
enrolled
• However, zip codes with the lowest
median incomes sometimes have 2 or
fewer enrollees, especially in the Bronx
76. Number of Enrolled Students Who
Are Not Retained After 1 Year by
Race
140
Number of Students
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Black Hispanic Asian White
Race
77. Number of Enrolled Students Who
Are Not Retained After 1 Year by
Race
• The largest racial group of students who
are not retained are White students at
130 students (18% of all White enrollees )
leaving Hunter after 1 year
• The smallest total group of students who
are not retained at Black students with
30 students who leave
78. Percent of Enrolled Students Who
are Not Retained After 1 Year by
Race
20.00%
Percent of Students
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Asian Hispanic Black White
79. Percent of Enrolled Students Who
are Not Retained After 1 Year by
Race
• However, even though only 30 Black
students left Hunter, this creates a
16% non-retention rate for Black
Students, the second largest non-
retention rate among racial groups
80. Number of Students Who are Not
Retained After 1 Year by County
90
Number of Students
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Change bar colors
81. The Percent of Those Enrolled Who Are
Not Retained After 1 Year by County
35
Change bar color
30
Percetnage of Students
25
20
15
10
5
0
Select NJ Westchester Suffolk Nassau Richmond Bronx New York Kings Queens
Counties
County
82. The Percent of Those Enrolled Who
Are Not Retained After 1 Year by
County
• The 4 highest non-retention rates by county are
from counties that are not the 5 boroughs.
• Out of the five boroughs, Bronx had the highest
non-retention rate with 21% of all enrolled
students eventually leaving Hunter after 1 year
• While Kings and Queens county had the largest
number of non-retainees, both counties had the
lowest rates of non-retention with ~13% leaving
84. Applied, Enrolled, Admitted and
Retained Students
35000
30000
Number of Students
25000
20000
15000
10000 Freshman
5000
0
Applied Admitted Enrolled Retained Retained
1 sem 1 year
Status
85. Applied, Enrolled, Admitted and
Retained Students
• 13,139 students applied to transfer into
Hunter College compared to 30,256
students applying as freshmen.
• There was a 24.8% acceptance rate for
transfer students compared to a 25.1%
acceptance rate for freshmen
• The retention rate (72.5%) of transfer
students was significantly smaller than
that of freshmen
86. Applied, Enrolled, Admitted and
Retained Students II
• Accepted transfer students enrolled at
a much higher rate than accepted
freshmen students (X%)
87. Comparison of Freshmen and
Transfer Applicants By Race
8000
7000
Number of Students
6000
5000
4000
3000 Freshmen
2000
1000
0
White Hispanic Black Asian
Race
89. Comparison of Freshmen and
Transfer Applicants By Race
• Unlike freshmen applicants, there
were more White transfer applicants
than Hispanic transfer applicants
• The smallest group of transfer
applicants were Asians with 1868
student applicants.
90. Transfer Applicants by County
9000
8000
7000
Number of Students
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
County
91. Transfer Applicants by County
• There were more applicants from
Manhattan than the Bronx, unlike
freshmen applicants where there were
were more Bronx applicants than
Manhattan
• The fewest amount of applicants came
from Staten Island, and even Suffolk
County had more applicants
92. Racial Comparison of Freshmen
and Transfer Admitted Students
3000
2500
Number of Students
2000
1500
1000 Freshmen
500
0
White Hispanic Asian Black
Race
93. Racial Comparison of Freshmen and
Transfer Admitted Students
• The largest group of applicants to be
admitted were White applicants with
1,207 admitted.
• Similar to the freshmen data, the
group with the lowest number of
admitted students were Black
applicants with 452 admitted
94. Racial Comparison of Admission
Rates among Freshmen and
Transfers
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
Percent
20.00%
Freshmen
10.00%
0.00%
White Asian Hispanic Black
Race
95. Racial Comparison of Admission
Rates among Freshmen and
Transfers
• The transfer data mirrors the
freshmen data in that the highest rate
of admission belongs to White and
Asian applicants, while the lower rates
are seen in Hispanic and Black
applicants
96. Number of Admitted Transfer
Students by County
2500
Number of Students
2000
Freshmen
1500
1000
500
0
97. Number of Admitted Transfer
Students by County
• Queens and Brooklyn had the highest
number of admitted students, which
was also true for freshmen
99. Admission Rate by County
• The highest rate of admission came
from Suffolk county (33%), unlike
freshmen admission rates where
Queens had the highest rate
• The lowest admission rate out of all
the counties was for the Bronx with a
15% admission rate
100. The Number of those admitted
who enroll by Race
800
700
Number of Students
600
500
400
300 Freshmen
200
100
0
White Asian Hispanic Black
Race
102. The Number of those Admitted who
Enroll by Race
• White students enrolled as transfers
the most
103. Enrollment Rates by Race
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
Percent of Students
40.00%
30.00% Freshmen
Transfer
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Hispanic Black White Asian
Race
104. Enrollment Rates by Race
• White students also had the highest
enrollment rate as transfers
(61%), while freshmen enrollment rates
were highest for Hispanics at ~35%
• In general, enrollment rates by race
were much higher for transfers than
freshmen
105. The Number of Students who Enroll
by County
700
600
Number of Students
500
400
300
200 Transfer
100 Freshmen
0
County
106. The Number of Students who Enroll
by County
Queens and Brooklyn continue
to have the highest number of
students who enroll
107. The Percent of Those Admitted Who
Enroll by County
60
50
40
Percent
30
20
Transfer
10
Freshman
0
County
108. The Percent of Those Admitted Who
Enroll by County
• By county, the enrollment rates were
much higher than of admitted
freshmen
• Admitted Suffolk county transfer
students were least likely to enroll
115. Number of Enrolled Transfer Students by Zip Code of 5 boroughs
With Subway Map
116. Findings
• Similar to the results of the mapping
of the enrollment numbers of
freshmen students, many clusters of
higher enrollment rates can be found
along subway lines/stops
• Manhattan continues to have fewer
enrollees despite it being the home
borough of Hunter
117. Mapping of Median Income
and Racial Composition of
Zip Codes in Brooklyn
135. Mapping of Median Income
and Racial Composition of
Zip Codes in Bronx County
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141. Number of Non-Retained Students
by Race
250
200
150
Number
100
Transfer
Freshmen
50
0
White Asian Hispanic Black
Race
142. The Percent of Those Enrolled Who
Are Not Retained by Race
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
Percent
25.00%
20.00% Transfer
15.00% Freshmen
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Black Hispanic White Asian
Race
143. Non-retention by Race
• As with freshmen students, White
students had the highest number of
non-retainees
• However, White transfer students did
not have the highest non-retention rate.
The non-retention rate of Black transfer
students was the highest rate at ~39% of
all Black transfer students leaving Hunter
after 1 year
144. Number of Non-retained Students
by County
120
100
Number of Students
80
60
40
Transfer
20
Freshmen
0
County
145. The Percent of Those Enrolled Who
35
Are Non-Retained by County
30
25
20
Percent
15
10 Transfer
5 Freshmen
0
County
146.
147. Non-retention by County
• Overall, transfer students tend to leave
Hunter after 1 year more than
freshmen students
• Suffolk, Manhattan, and Brooklyn had
the highest non-retention rate
149. Conclusion
• There are many questions and conclusions we can draw
from the facts presented today:
• There is a higher rate of non-retention among transfer
students than freshmen students. Why do transfer
students leave Hunter more often?
• Why is the admission rate of Hispanic and Black
applicants comparatively low for both freshmen and
transfer applicants?
• Why did only 178 freshmen Black students enroll?
• Why exactly do people who live in close to other senior
CUNY schools choose to enroll at Hunter instead of their
“home” CUNY?
150. Conclusion II
• What can be done to raise the
retention rate across the board?
• Should we, and if so, how can
we, encourage more students from
Manhattan to apply to Hunter?
• TO BE COMPLETED WITH SUMMARY…
