2. The Book of Lindisfarne Vellum sheets arranged so that the spine ridge of the animal runs across the page horizontally at the same place, minimizing movement of the page when the skin tries to return to the shape of the animal, causing the paint to flake

9. Comparison of the Plans of San Vitale in Ravenna to the Palace Chapel in Aix-la-Chapelle.

14. After the death of Charlemagne, his kingdom was divided among his grandsons, only to disintegrate at the hands of Vikings and Magyars. A re-consolidation occurred, however, in the middle of the 10th century, thanks to a new line of German emperors known as the Ottonians. The Ottonian period saw a new wave of influence from the Greek East (Otto II married a Byzantine princess), which resulted in one of the first monumental sculptures of the crucified Christ, the Gero Crucifix . The face (heavily etched with pain), the bulging arc of the abdomen, and the tension in the tightly stretched arms all convey Christ's torment with unequalled expression.