Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Japanese art after 1392 (full)
1. Japanese Art After 1392 By Christina Andrzejewski, Ashley Kosa, Xurong Liu
2. Japanese Periods Muromachi Period (1392- 1573) Momoyama Period(1573–1615) Edo Period (1615-1868) The Meji and Modern Period (1868-present)
3. Muromachi Period The Ashikaga family established a new military regime in Kyoto Daimyo strongly influenced political events and cultural trends Rivalry caused tension, creating instability and leading to the Onin War (1467-77) War ended in a stalemate and with Hosowaka gaining control of the government Country plummeted into a century of warfare and social chaos Sengoku, the Age of the Country at War, lasted from the last quarter of the fifteenth to the end of the sixteenth century Overall, economically and artistically innovative Contact with China transformed Japanese thought and aesthetics
4. Period impacted by Zen Buddhism It became the dominant cultural force in Japan Ink monochrome painting became extremely popular The intensity of the masters created a subtle and more refined approach to painting. Chinese style landscapes were the most important theme. Shubun (c. 1418-63) was Japans first great monk-artist who mastered ink landscapes. Muromachi Period
8. The top and bottom half echo off of each other.
9. In the middle is empty space, which is supposed to represent water. Landscape
10. Sesshu (1420-1506) By the sixteenth century, temples staffed monks who specialized in art rather than religious or ritual teaching Sesshu devoted himself to painting Was inspired by Chinese scenery and Zen monasteries Peaceful art was no longer possible and the violent energy of the time impacted landscape painting This new spit was especially evident in his Winter Landscape
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12. Uses a forceful style Short, jagged brushstrokes create the rocky hills A cliff coming from the mist seems to break the piece into two Flat overlapping planes break the piece into clear facets The white of the paper in the bottom left is supposed to indicate snow, while the sky uses tones of gray. Winter Landscape
13. One of the most famous Zen masters in Japanese history Now, Zen monks acted as government advisers, teachers, and leaders of merchant missions to China. Ikkyu mocked this “fake Zen” and displayed the intensity of Zen through his calligraphy Ikkyu (1394-1481)
15. Comparision Both were not attached by a hinge and meant to be hung next to one another Both made for a purpose The couplet “Abjure, evil, practice only the good,” was written out on single line scrolls. The calligraphy is meant to be read starting with the right scroll and then the left Each stroke is separate and distinct The diptych 50 images is exactly the same and repeated The 25 images on the left hand side of the piece are all in black and white, providing a stark contrast to the bright colors of the other side.
16. Zen monks saw their gardens as objects of constant vigilance and work This philosophy influenced Japanese art Karesansui are dry landscape gardens The main elements of karesansui are rocks and sand, with the sea symbolized by sand raked in patterns that suggest rippling water. The dry garden in the Zen temple of Ryoan-ji is one of the most renowned Zen creations n Japan The Zen Dry Garden
18. Dates back to the mid-seventeenth century The stones are set in asymmetrical groups of two, three, and five The “borrowed scenery” is beyond the perimeter wall, and is made up of maple, pine, and cherry trees Is celebrated for its severity and emptiness The austere beauty of the naked gravel allows people to meditate. Ryoan-ji
19. The Ashikaga’s power began to decline The daimyos began to fight for control over Japan Unity was gradually resorted by three warlords The first as Oda Nobunaga (1534-82) He invaded Kyoto in 1568, ending the Ashikaga’s authority. Was a patron of the arts and was assassinated on a military campaign Momoyama Period (1573–1615)
20. Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537-98) succeeded him Was an overly ambitious military commander Believed he could conquer both Korea and China Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) emerged and established the shogunate in 1603. Was one of the most creative eras in Japanese history. Momoyama Period
21. Europeans made an impact on Japan Portuguese explorers arrived in 1543and allowed to extend trade beyond the ports of Kyushu European muskets and cannons changed Japanese warfare and architecture Monumental castles were built in the late sixteenth century Himeji Castle is one of the most beautiful surviving castles today The castle had steep walls, stone ramparts, narrow fortified gates, and narrow ladders Meant to confuse invaders and make them feel as though lost in a maze with little sense of direction or progress Provided artists opportunities to work on a grand scale Architecture
23. Kano School of Decorative Painting Fusuma, paper-covered sliding doors, large murals, and folding screens with gold-leaf backgrounds were features of the period After the civil wars, temples commissioned large-scale paintings for rebuilding projects The Kano school trained artists in the ink-painting tradition with new skills in decorative subjects and styles Kano Masanobu (1434–1530) is credited with establishing the Kano school Masanobu's son Kano Motonobu (1476–1559) widened the school's appeal and devised the style studied above Motonobu's grandson, Kano Eitoku (1543–1590), introduced a new strength and dynamism to his large compositions that appealed to the warlords and suited the grand interiors of their castles. Kano Sanraku (1559–1635), one of Eitoku's adopted sons, added a greater sense of elegance and decorativeness to Eitoku's style, capturing current interest in sophistication and sumptuousness.
26. c. early seventeenth century Pair of six-fold screens; color on gold-leafed paper Twelve panels of folding screens depict the progression of the seasons The right side depicts springtime, with wildflowers and blossoming trees In the left-hand screen, a clump of summer lilies announces the transition from summer to fall and winter. Pink and white rose mallow indicate late summer and early autumn The final scene depicts snow-covered pine, framing a pair of cranes, which symbolize long life Birds and Flowers of the Four Seasons
27. Tea Ceremony The quiet, restrained, and the natural world was expressed through tea ceremonies Zen monks used tea as a mild stimulant to aid meditation, and as a form of medicine Sen no Rikyu (1522-91) is the most famous tea master in Japanese history. He established the aesthetic of modesty, refinement, and rusticity The tearoom allowed people to get a way from the chaotic and violent world outside.
90. Influences post-impressionists such as Van Gogh, and Paul Gaugin, as well as influential artists of the Art Nouveau movement, such as Alphonse Mucha.
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92. Dawn of the Meiji Period With Tokugawa Clan overthrown, imperial restoration occurred Emperor Mutsuhito ascends to the throne in 1868, Meiji Restoration Meiji - “enlightened rule” Court moved from Kyoto to Edo, renamed Tokyo, meaning “Eastern Capital” Leaders promised move towards more democratic participation in government (Five Charter Oath) Japan rapidly adopted the influences of the west in politics, philosophy and art experts were brought in to teach specialized subjects students sponsored by government to study abroad
93. Meiji Art Modernization and industrialization heavily influenced Japanese art Confusion caused by influences and belief that Japan was losing its identity led to opposition of western style Two distinct schools: Western Traditional
94. Western Meiji Art (Yōga) Artists who were important to the expansion of Western Meiji style include Kawakami Togai, Takahashi Yuichi and Koyama Shotaro Western Art became a major school of art in Japan Characteristics: Oil paintings on canvas Dramatic lighting Subject matter adorned in western attire Using the third dimension Conveying perspective using vanishing points and linear perspective varying the textural gradient of distant objects
107. Anime and Manga Manga refers to Japanese comics or cartoons Emerged as a popular art form after World War II As a result of inspiration from Western comics, films and cartoons As a result of natural evolution of Japanese aesthetic traditions with strong influences from ukiyo-e traditions Anime refers to Japanese animation First appeared in early 20th century, influenced by U.S. successes such as Disney’s Snow White Both anime and manga became major exports for Japan in the 1980s and 1990s Significant impact on Western Culture and made many interested in the culture of Japan
110. Modern Japanese Painting The most recent forms of Japanese art are all mixtures of Western and traditional Japanese style A prominent artist is Takashi Murakami utilize manga and anime art forms for inspiration for painting and sculpture. Style is known as “superflat” because it features flat planes and forms of color “Gleefully Smiling Flowers”
111. Modern Japanese Ceramics Ceramics is one of the most appreciated forms of modern Japanese art Needed for tea ceremony and flower arranging Well known contemporary ceramicists include Miyashita Zenji Works utilize non traditional shapes but references traditional ceramics by evoking nature “Wind”
112. Modern Japanese Sculpture An innovative sculptor in contemporary Japanese art is Chuichu Fujii At first inspired by plastic, steel and glass, Fujii decided to begin sculpting with wood during his thirties Fujii allowed wood to express its own uniqueness while taking on a new form Fujii inserts hooks into a log and runs wires between them Wires are tightened over a period of months until the wood is pulled into a desirable shape The piece must be cut so that it stands
113. Works Cited Department of Asian Art. "Momoyama Period (15731615) | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Oct. 2002. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/momo/hd_momo.htm>. Department of Asian Art. "Muromachi Period (13921573) | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. 2000. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/muro/hd_muro.htm>. Department of Asian Art. "The Kano School of Painting | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Oct. 2003. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kano/hd_kano.htm>. "Kano School: Birds and Flowers of the Four Seasons (1987.342.1,2) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Oct. 2006. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1987.342.1,2>. "Warhol: Marilyn Monroe: Life as a Legend." The Warhol:. 2010. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.warhol.org/webcalendar/event.aspx?id=2346>. "Art History 111 Imagebase." University of Illinois at Chicago - UIC. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.uic.edu/depts/ahaa/classes/ah111/imagebank.html>. "Henri De Toulouse-Lautrec: Divan Japonais (58.621.17) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/58.621.17>. "Japonisme | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jpon/hd_jpon.htm>. "Suzuki Harunobu: Crow and Heron, or Young Lovers Walking Together under an Umbrella in a Snowstorm (JP2453) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/JP2453>. "Waves at Matsushima | F1906.231and232." Freer and Sackler Galleries. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/zoomObject.cfm?ObjectId=39375>. "芸術の秋(The Art)." 不可能物体ぎゃらりぃ Gallery Impossible. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://galleryimpossible.com/art.htm>. "Kano Chikanobu: Seven Gods of Good Fortune and Chinese Children (29.100.498) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/29.100.498>. "Meiji Art in Japan." ESL Teachers Board. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.eslteachersboard.com/cgi-bin/japan-info/index.pl?read=1140>. "Meiji Period." Euronet Internet. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.euronet.nl/users/artnv/meiji.html>. "The Miyagi Museum of Art." 宮城県ホームページ Miyagi Prefectural Government. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.pref.miyagi.jp/bijyutu/mmoa/en/navigation/index.asp?url=../museum/collect003.html>. "Miyashita Zenji: Vase (1994.221.1) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1994.221.1>. "Morning Giclee Print by Antonio Fontanesi at AllPosters.com." AllPosters.com - The World's Largest Poster and Print Store! Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.allposters.com/gallery.asp?startat=/getposter.asp&APNum=4943604&CID=4CAB0EF6FF654BB4A39FAF17AFA8220A&PPID=1&Search=&f=t&FindID=0&P=1&PP=1&sortby=PD&c=c&page=1>. "The Takashi Murakami Exhibit at the Brooklyn Museum | Collectors’ Quest." Interactive Community and Marketplace for Collectors - CollectorsQuest.com. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.collectorsquest.com/blog/2008/04/16/the-takashi-murakami-exhibit-at-the-brooklyn-museum/>.
