Wireless phone standards have a life of their own. You can tell, because they are spoken of reverently in terms of generations. There's Great-Granddad, whose pioneering story pre-dates cellular; Grandma and Grandpa 1G, or analog cellular, Mom and Dad 2G, or digital cellular; 3G wireless, 4G, 5G and so on. This is a survey report PPT on these technology.

1. BASIL JOHN
III-YEAR B.Tech E.C.E
Bharathiyar College Of Engineering
and
Technology,Karaikal,Pondicherry.
1

2. • YEAR ENROLLED: 2011
• LOCATION: KERALA
• AREAS OF INTEREST: Electronic Devices, wireless communication, Basic
Electronics, Digital Electronics.
• OTHER INTERESTS: Sports (badminton, fitness exercises), watch TV series and
movie.
• E-mail: basiljohn008@gmail.com
• SOCIAL:
• www.facebook.com/Basilubasu
• www.plus.google.com/u/0/+BASILJOHN
• http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=330009212
04/21/14 2

3.  Introduction
 Communication Devices
 Wireless System Evolution
 1G - 5G Wireless Systems
 Types of networks
 Wireless PAN
 Wireless LAN
 Wireless MAN
 Wireless WAN
 Communication in India
 Conclusion

4. Telecommunications
- is the key enabler of economic and social development
of a nation
- increase the efficiency of commercial and
administrative activities
- improve the effectiveness of social and emergency
services
- distribute the social, cultural and economic benefits of
the process of development more equitably throughout
the country
- provides universal service for rural and remote
communities

5. Tablet PC
Watch mobile PhoneKindle- e book reader
Cell Phone
Handheld device

7. 1)Fixed and Wired
(e.g.) desktop uses fixed networks
2)Mobile and Wired
(e.g.) Laptop connected using telephone and modem
3)Fixed and Wireless
(e.g.)a network in historical buildings
4)Mobile and Wireless
(e.g.) Cellular network

8.  Communication without wires
 Wires are replaced by electromagnetic waves
 electromagnetic waves carry a signal through atmospheric
space
 use radio frequency RF waves, which ranges from
3 kHz to 300 GHz
 or infrared IR, which ranges from 3 THz to 430 THz

9. Electromagnetic Spectrum
Showing Radio Frequency

10. Two types of mobility: i)Device portability
ii)User Mobility
no mobility high mobility
mobile wireless user,
using same access
point
mobile user, passing
through multiple
access point while
maintaining ongoing
connections
mobile user,
connecting/
disconnecting from
network
Mobility Spectrum

11. Walking Users
Low speed
Small roaming area
Usually uses high-bandwidth
Vehicles
High speeds
Large roaming area
Usually uses low-bandwidth
Uses sophisticated terminal equipment (cell phones)

12. Wireless Icon
Wireless Router
Semi Parabolic AntennaData card

13. 1. Regulatory Authorities
2.The operator or the Service Provider
3. The user or the subscriber
4.Equipment Vendors (network equipment and user
device)
5. Research Organizations

15. Appeared in late 1970s and deployed in early 1980s
All based on analog techniques
All used FDMA
Operates at 450-900 MHz frequency band
System capacity is low
 Data rate is <10 kbps

16. The geographical area divided into cells
Each with own antenna
Each with own range of frequencies
Served by base station - Transmitter, receiver, control
unit to carry out actual radio communications with the
device
Adjacent cells on different frequencies to avoid crosstalk
Mobile Switching Center Controls all calls attached to this
device, Maintains billing information &Switches calls
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

18. Base station
Mobile Switching Centre
PSTN

19. AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System
- by AT&T Bell Labs in 1970s deployed in 1983
-the number of users that can be supported was limited.
-used all over the world & popular in South America, China
and Australia.
ETACS: European Total Access Communication Systems. -
channel bandwidth is scaled to 25 kHz instead of 30 kHz as
in AMPS.

20. Deployed in mid 1990s
Fully Digital network elements
TDMA/CDMA for spectrum sharing; Circuit switching
Operates at 900-1800 MHz frequency band
3-times increase in overall system capacity.
supported voice-centric services and limited data-service,
like short messages(SMS), FAX, etc.
<9.6 kbps data rates

21. GSM (Global System for Mobile communications)
- TDMA system, serves as the pan-European cellular service,
provides a wide range of network service, including phone
service, FAX, short message service. Support 24.7 kbps data
rate.
USDC IS-136 (United States Digital Cellular)
-a TDMA system, similar to AMPS, it supports more users (6
times) with improved performance. Provides access to VPN,
supports short messages. Support 48.6 kbps data rate.
IS-95 (United States Digital Cellular Standard )
-a CDMA standard also designed to be compatible with
AMPS through using of CDMA/AMPS dual mode phones and
base stations. Capacity is 8~10 times that of AMPS. Support
14.4 kbps data rate.

22. BSCBTS
Base transceiver station (BTS)
Base station controller (BSC)
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Mobile subscribers
Base station system (BSS)
Legend
2G (voice) network architecture
MSC
Public
telephone
network
Gateway
MSC
G

23. 2G is developed for voice communications
We can send data over 2G channels by using
modem
Increased data rates are required for internet
application

24. Compared to 2G systems 2.5G provide high speed data
communications and continuous connection to internet
Fully Digital
<115kbps data rates
 GSM to GPRS; Analog AMPS to CDPD
Services:
1.WAP(Wireless Application Protocol) access
2.MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service)
3.Internet communication service like web,email

25. CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data), a data service for 1st
and 2nd generation US cellular systems without additional
bandwidth requirement, packet channels are dynamically
assigned to idle voice channels. Support 48.6kbps data rate
as in IS-136.
GPRS(General Packet Radio Service), based on GSM by
allowing multiple slots of a GSM radio channel be dedicated
to an individual user, promises data rate from 56 kbps to
114kbps---continuous connection to the Internet for mobile
phone and computer users, easy access to VPN (Virtual
Private Network).
EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution), providing
384kbps rate by using improved modulation and relaxed
error control. Also referred to as EGPRS.
CDMA one (IS-95B): Providing high speed data access on a
common CDMA radio channel by dedicating multiple
orthogonal user channels for specific users or specific
purposes. Support 115.2kbps.

26. 2.5G (voice+data) network architecture
BSC
MSC
SGSN
Public
telephone
network
Gateway
MSC
G
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
Public
Internet
GGSN
G
The new cellular data network voice
network & data network operates in
parallel

28. Simultanous voice and data transmission
Faster Internet access -Interactive web sessions
Video calling
Multimedia Content - voice, data & video
Universal global roaming
384kbps while moving 2Mbps when stationary
3G phones
Apple I phone 3G,
LG KF 750,
Nokia 5800 express music,
Blackberry bold 9000

29. IS-95B
CDMA
2G 3G
cdma2000
GSM
FDD
TDD
W-CDMA
GPRS
IS-136
TDMA
UWC-136
EDGE & 136
HS outdoor
136 HS
indoor
2.5G

30. UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) - 3GPP
-A wideband CDMA (5MHz) standard based on the network
fundamentals of GSM/EDGE, is designed to provide backward
compatibility with GSM, IS-136, GPRS and EDGE. Can support
2Mbps data rate. New RF equipment needed.
CDMA 2000 - 3GPP2 Use same bandwidth as IS-95 or 3 adjacent
1.25MHz channels (3-times bandwidth as that of IS-95) to provide
instantaneous packet data access at 144kbps or 2Mbps. No
additional RF equipment needed, changes are all made in software
or baseband hardware.
TD-SCDMA (Time-division Synchronous CDMA) A standard
proposed by CATT (China Academy and Telecommunications
Technology) and Siemens Corporation. Relies on the existing GSM
infrastructure and allows 3G data access by adding high data rate
equipment (smart antennas) at each GSM station. Support up to
384kbps of packet data

33.  Highly integrated
 High bandwidth / high-speed wireless
 Highly compatible with wired network infrastructures
provides mobile ultra-broadband Internet access
Integration of multi-networks using IP technology
applications include mobile web access, IP telephony,
gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video
conferencing and 3D television.

34. commercially deployed:
i) the Mobile WiMAX standard &
ii)Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard
In Australia, Telstra launched the country's first 4G
network (LTE) in September 2011 claiming 2–40 Mbps
speeds
In India, Bharti Airtel has launched India's first 4G service
using TD-LTE technology in Kolkata on 10 April 2012.

35. 4G Modem
4G smart phone
4G LTE Tablet

40. Indian Telephony
Telephone Subscribers (Total)
(2012)
960.9 million (May 2012)
Fixed lines (May 2012) 31.53 million
Mobile phones (2012) 929.37 million
Monthly telephone additions
(Net) (May 2012)
8.35 million
Teledensity (2012) 79.28 %
Rural Teledensity 33%
Projected teledensity by 2012 84 %
Courtesy: wikipedia.org

41. Internet access
Percent household access
(total), 2012
10.2% of households (137
million))
Percent broadband household
access 1.18% of households (14.31
million)
Broadband internet users 14.31 million (May 2012)
Internet Service
Providers (2012)
155
country code top-level domain .in
Courtesy: wikipedia.org

42. Revenue
Revenue (Total) USD 33,350 million
Courtesy: wikipedia.org