1. OWL 2 Web Ontology Language individual value ObjectHasValue
(P a)
_:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
_:x owl:onProperty P.
2.2 Properties
Quick Reference Guide _:x owl:hasValue a.
Object Property Expressions
local reflexivity ObjectHasSelf _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. named object property PN PN
http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/refcard (P) _:x owl:onProperty P. universal object property owl:topObjectProperty owl:topObjectProperty
_:x owl:hasSelf "true"^^xsd:boolean. empty object property owl:bottomObjectProperty owl:bottomObjectProperty
1 Names, Prefixes, and Notation exact cardinality ObjectExactCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. inverse property ObjectInverseOf(PN) _:x owl:inverseOf PN
(n P) _:x owl:onProperty P.
Names in OWL 2 are IRIs, often written in a shorthand prefix:localname, where prefix: is _:x owl:cardinality n. Data Property Expressions
a prefix name that expands to an IRI, and localname is the remainder of the name. qualified exact ObjectExactCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
The prefix names in OWL 2 are: cardinality (n P C) _:x owl:onProperty P. named data property R R
_:x owl:qualifiedCardinality n. universal data property owl:topDataProperty owl:topDataProperty
Prefix Name Expansion _:x owl:onClass C. empty data property owl:bottomDataProperty owl:bottomDataProperty
rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# maximum ObjectMaxCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# cardinality (n P) _:x owl:onProperty P. 2.3 Individuals & Literals
owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# _:x owl:maxCardinality n.
xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# qualified ObjectMaxCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. named individual aN aN
maximum (n P C) _:x owl:onProperty P. anonymous individual _:a _:a
cardinality _:x owl:maxQualifiedCardinality n. literal (datatype value) "abc"^^DN "abc"^^DN
We use notation conventions in the following tables*:
Letters Meaning Letters Meaning _:x owl:onClass C.
(a1 … an) RDF list n non-negative integer** minimum ObjectMinCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. 2.4 Data Ranges
_:a anonymous individual ON ontology name cardinality (n P) _:x owl:onProperty P.
(a blank node label) _:x owl:minCardinality n. Data Range Expressions
_:x blank node P object property expression qualified ObjectMinCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
minimum (n P C) _:x owl:onProperty P. named datatype DN DN
a individual p prefix name data range DataComplementOf _:x rdf:type rdfs:Datatype.
A annotation property PN object property name cardinality _:x owl:minQualifiedCardinality n.
_:x owl:onClass C. complement (D) _:x owl:datatypeComplementOf D.
aN individual name R data property data range DataIntersectionOf _:x rdf:type rdfs:Datatype.
C class expression s IRI or anonymous individual Data Property Restrictions intersection (D1…Dn) _:x owl:intersectionOf (D1…Dn).
CN class name t IRI, anonymous individual, or data range union DataUnionOf _:x rdf:type rdfs:Datatype.
literal universal DataAllValuesFrom _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
(R D) _:x owl:onProperty R. (D1…Dn) _:x owl:unionOf (D1…Dn).
D data range U IRI literal DataOneOf _:x rdf:type rdfs:Datatype.
DN datatype name v literal _:x owl:allValuesFrom D.
existential DataSomeValuesFrom _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. enumeration (v1 … vn) _:x owl:oneOf ( v1 … vn ).
f facet datatype DatatypeRestriction _:x rdf:type rdfs:Datatype.
* All of the above can have subscripts. (R D) _:x owl:onProperty R.
_:x owl:someValuesFrom D. restriction (DN f1 v1 … fn vn) _:x owl:onDatatype DN.
** As a shorthand for "n"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger _:x owl:withRestrictions (_:x1 ... _:xn).
literal value DataHasValue _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
_:xj fj vj. j=1…n
2 OWL 2 constructs and axioms (R v) _:x owl:onProperty R.
_:x owl:hasValue v.
In the following tables, the three columns are: exact cardinality DataExactCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. 2.5 Axioms
Language Feature Functional Syntax RDF Syntax (Turtle) (n R) _:x owl:onProperty R.
_:x owl:cardinality n. Class Expression Axioms
For an OWL 2 DL ontology, there are additional global restrictions on axioms. qualified exact DataExactCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
subclass SubClassOf(C1 C2) C1 rdfs:subClassOf C2.
2.1 Class Expressions cardinality (n R D) _:x owl:onProperty R.
equivalent classes EquivalentClasses Cj owl:equivalentClass Cj+1.
_:x owl:qualifiedCardinality n.
(C1 … Cn) j=1…n-1
Predefined and Named Classes _:x owl:onDataRange D.
disjoint classes DisjointClasses(C1 C2) C1 owl:disjointWith C2.
maximum DataMaxCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
named class CN CN pairwise disjoint DisjointClasses _:x rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses.
cardinality (n R) _:x owl:onProperty R.
universal class owl:Thing owl:Thing classes (C1 … Cn) _:x owl:members ( C1 … Cn ).
_:x owl:maxCardinality n.
empty class owl:Nothing owl:Nothing disjoint union DisjointUnionOf CN owl:disjointUnionOf ( C1… Cn ).
qualified DataMaxCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
(CN C1 … Cn)
Boolean Connectives and Enumeration of Individuals maximum (n R D) _:x owl:onProperty R.
cardinality _:x owl:maxQualifiedCardinality n. Object Property Axioms
intersection ObjectIntersectionOf _:x rdf:type owl:Class. _:x owl:onDataRange D.
(C1…Cn) _:x owl:intersectionOf ( C1…Cn ). minimum DataMinCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. subproperty SubObjectPropertyOf P1 rdfs:subPropertyOf P2.
union ObjectUnionOf _:x rdf:type owl:Class. cardinality (n R) _:x owl:onProperty R. (P1 P2)
(C1 … Cn) _:x owl:unionOf ( C1 … Cn ). _:x owl:minCardinality n. property chain SubObjectPropertyOf P owl:propertyChainAxiom
complement ObjectComplementOf _:x rdf:type owl:Class. qualified DataMinCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. inclusion (ObjectPropertyChain (P1 … Pn).
(C) _:x owl:complementOf C. minimum (n R D) _:x owl:onProperty R. (P1 … Pn) P)
enumeration ObjectOneOf _:x rdf:type owl:Class. cardinality _:x owl:minQualifiedCardinality n. property domain ObjectPropertyDomain P rdfs:domain C.
(a1 … an) _:x owl:oneOf ( a1 … an ). _:x owl:onDataRange D. (P C)
property range ObjectPropertyRange P rdfs:range C.
Object Property Restrictions Restrictions Using n-ary Data Range
(P C)
universal ObjectAllValuesFrom _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. In the following table 'Dn' is an n-ary data range. equivalent EquivalentObjectProperties Pj owl:equivalentProperty Pj+1.
(P C) _:x owl:onProperty P. n-ary universal DataAllValuesFrom _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. properties (P1 … Pn) j=1…n-1
_:x owl:allValuesFrom C (R1 … Rn Dn) _:x owl:onProperties ( R1 … Rn ). disjoint properties DisjointObjectProperties P1 owl:propertyDisjointWith P2.
existential ObjectSomeValuesFrom _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. _:x owl:allValuesFrom Dn. (P1 P2)
(P C) _:x owl:onProperty P. n-ary DataSomeValuesFrom _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. pairwise disjoint DisjointObjectProperties _:x rdf:type
_:x owl:someValuesFrom C existential (R1 … Rn Dn) _:x owl:onProperties ( R1 … Rn). properties (P1 … Pn) owl:AllDisjointProperties.
_:x owl:someValuesFrom Dn. _:x owl:members ( P1 … Pn ).

2. inverse InverseObjectProperties P1 owl:inverseOf P2. data property Declaration( DataProperty( R ) ) R rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty. 3 Built-in Datatypes and Facets
properties (P1 P2) annotation Declaration A rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty.
functional FunctionalObjectProperty P rdf:type property ( AnnotationProperty( A ) )
property (P) owl:FunctionalProperty. named Declaration aN rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual. 3.1 Built-in Datatypes
inverse InverseFunctionalObjectProperty P rdf:type individual ( NamedIndividual( aN ) )
Universal rdfs:Literal
functional (P) owl:InverseFunctionalProperty.
Datatype
property 2.7 Annotations Numbers owl:rational owl:real
reflexive ReflexiveObjectProperty P rdf:type Annotations xsd:double xsd:float xsd:decimal xsd:integer
property (P) owl:ReflexiveProperty.
annotation assertion AnnotationAssertion s A t. xsd:long xsd:int xsd:short xsd:byte
irreflexive IrreflexiveObjectProperty P rdf:type
(A s t) xsd:nonNegativeInteger xsd:nonPositiveInteger
property (P) owl:IrreflexiveProperty.
annotation of an axiom AXIOM(Annotation _:xi A t. xsd:positiveInteger xsd:negativeInteger
symmetric SymmetricObjectProperty P rdf:type
(where the axiom in RDF (A t) …) si U ti. xsd:unsignedLong xsd:unsignedInt
property (P) owl:SymmetricProperty.
is one or more triples of … xsd:unsignedShort xsd:unsignedByte
asymmetric AsymmetricObjectProperty P rdf:type
the form si U ti, i.e., with _:xi rdf:type owl:Axiom. Strings rdf:PlainLiteral (RDF plain literals)
property (P) owl:AsymmetricProperty.
the same predicate U.) _:xi owl:annotatedSource si. xsd:string xsd:NCName xsd:Name xsd:NMTOKEN
transitive TransitiveObjectProperty P rdf:type
_:xi owl:annotatedProperty U. xsd:token xsd:language xsd:normalizedString
property (P) owl:TransitiveProperty.
_:xi owl:annotatedTarget ti. Boolean Values xsd:boolean (value space: true and false)
Data Property Axioms annotation of an axiom AXIOM(Annotation _:x A t. Binary Data xsd:base64Binary xsd:hexBinary
where the axiom in RDF (A t) … ) _:x U t1. IRIs xsd:anyURI
subproperty SubDataPropertyOf(R1 R2) R1 rdfs:subPropertyOf R2. Time Instants xsd:dateTime (optional time zone offset)
property domain DataPropertyDomain(R C) R rdfs:domain C. is _:x U t1 …
annotation of another Annotation(Annotation _:x A t. xsd:dateTimeStamp (required time zone offset)
property range DataPropertyRange(R D) R rdfs:range D. XML Literals rdf:XMLLiteral
equivalent EquivalentDataProperties Rj owl:equivalentProperty Rj+1. annotation (A t) … A1 t1) s1 A1 t1.
properties (R1 … Rn) j=1…n-1 (the other annotation in …
disjoint properties DisjointDataProperties R1 owl:propertyDisjointWith R2. RDF starts with s1) _:x rdf:type owl:Annotation. 3.2 Facets
(R1 R2) _:x owl:annotatedSource s1.
_:x owl:annotatedProperty A1. Facet Value Applicable Explanation
pairwise disjoint DisjointDataProperties _:x rdf:type Datatypes
properties (R1 … Rn) owl:AllDisjointProperties. _:x owl:annotatedTarget t1.
xsd:minInclusive literal in the Numbers, Restricts the value-
_:x owl:members ( R1 … Rn ).
Annotation Properties xsd:maxInclusive corresponding Time Instants space to greater than
functional FunctionalDataProperty(R) R rdf:type
xsd:minExclusive datatype (equal to) or lesser than
property owl:FunctionalProperty. named annotation A A xsd:maxExclusive (equal to) a value
property xsd:minLength Non-negative Strings, Restricts the value-
Datatype Definitions human-readable rdfs:label rdfs:label xsd:maxLength integer Binary Data, space based on the
datatype definition DatatypeDefinition(DN D) DN owl:equivalentClass D. name xsd:length IRIs lengths of the literals
human-readable rdfs:comment rdfs:comment xsd:pattern xsd:string literal Strings, Restricts the value
Assertions comment as a regular IRIs space to literals that>
additional information rdfs:seeAlso rdfs:seeAlso expression match the regular
individual equality SameIndividual(a1 … an) aj owl:sameAs aj+1. j=1…n-1
defining agent rdfs:isDefinedBy rdfs:isDefinedBy expression
individual DifferentIndividuals(a1 a2) a1 owl:differentFrom a2.
version information owl:versionInfo owl:versionInfo rdf:langRange xsd:string literal rdf:PlainLiteral Restricts the value
inequality
deprecation owl:deprecated owl:deprecated as a regular space to literals with
pairwise individual DifferentIndividuals _:x rdf:type owl:AllDifferent.
backwards owl:backwardCompatibleWith owl:backwardCompatibleWith expression language tags that
inequality (a1 … an) _:x owl:members (a1 … an).
compatibility match the regular
class assertion ClassAssertion(C a) a rdf:type C.
incompatibility owl:incompatibleWith owl:incompatibleWith expression
positive object ObjectPropertyAssertion a1 PN a2.
prior version owl:priorVersion owl:priorVersion
property assertion (PN a1 a2 )
positive data DataPropertyAssertion a R v. A HTML version of the guide is at http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-quick-reference/
Annotation Axioms
property assertion (R a v )
negative object NegativeObjectPropertyAssertion _:x rdf:type annotation SubAnnotationPropertyOf(A1 A2) A1 rdfs:subPropertyOf A2. Copyright © 2008-2009 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved.
property (P a1 a2 ) owl:NegativePropertyAssertion. subproperties W3C Document License: http://w3.org/brief/MTQ4
assertion _:x owl:sourceIndividual a1. annotation property AnnotationPropertyDomain(A U) A rdfs:domain U. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply.
_:x owl:assertionProperty P. domain
_:x owl:targetIndividual a2. annotation property AnnotationPropertyRange(A U) A rdfs:range U. Editors:
negative data NegativeDataPropertyAssertion _:x rdf:type range Jie Bao, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
property (R a v ) owl:NegativePropertyAssertion. Elisa F. Kendall, Sandpiper Software, Inc.
assertion _:x owl:sourceIndividual a. 2.8 Ontologies Deborah L. McGuinness, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
_:x owl:assertionProperty R. Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Bell Labs Research, Alcatel-Lucent
_:x owl:targetValue v. OWL ontology Ontology([ON [U]] ON rdf:type owl:Ontology. Contributors:
(importing)1 2 Import(ON1)... [ON owl:versionIRI U.] Li Ding, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Keys Annotation(A t) ON owl:imports ON1. Ankesh Khandelwal, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
... ...
Key HasKey(C (P1 … Pm) (R1 … Rn) ) C owl:hasKey (P1 … Pm R1 … Rn). ) ON A t. ... Reference card formatting by Jie Bao
m+n>0 prefix declaration3 Prefix(p=U) @prefix p U.
Version 0.13, Oct 18 2009
2.6 Declarations 1. [ ] represents optional constructs Based on the 22 September 2009 Proposed Recommendation
2. In the RDF syntax _:x is used in place of ON if there is no ontology name ON.
class Declaration( Class( CN ) ) CN rdf:type owl:Class. 3. RDF syntax is in Turtle, other RDF serializations may vary.
datatype Declaration( Datatype( DN ) ) DN rdf:type rdfs:Datatype.
object Declaration( ObjectProperty( PN ) ) PN rdf:type
property owl:ObjectProperty.