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 Attention, this video is for all those who have stopped using their English for a while and so have lost
  fluency…
 For those who have always kept doubts about how to use this or that tense…
                Recommended for intermediates, upper-intermediates and advanced.

 NOTE: because of technical reasons this video will go fast on its “playing” so STOP it every time you
  need to.
 You should also check: state/action and mixed verbs – regular/irregular verbs and time clauses.
 If you need to improvise your English to talk to your clients, socialize, for selling or any purpose that is
  NOT teaching or passing a test then don’t waste too much time on memorizing grammar rules. Focus
  on practicing instead until you can use structures correctly either you recognize which one it is or not.
 Do not rush! Calm down and remember that learning a new language is difficult. Take your time every
  time, relax, read carefully and if you do not understand, read again, try to answer your own inquiries
  by yourself or google your questions just as if you were asking your teacher.
                                                                          teacher
 Read out loud! Pay attention to your pronounciation you want to understand and be understood.
 Translate everything you can to English in your free time. When you find the right translation say it!
  Say it many, many times.
 It is vital that you make sure your brain is getting used to English grammar, sounds and tongue-muscle
  use.
 We are learning a different language here so take it easy! Little by little, step by step just don’t rush
  and don’t stop. Check this link: http://www.baan-english.com/?p=234
 If you do not fully understand when talking to English native-speakers do not worry too much because
  you don’t need to recognize every single word. There will always be new words and even native
  speakers do not ALWAYS understand EVERY word between them.
                                           www.baan-english.com
ALL ENGLISH TENSES with
 www.baan-english.com




        www.baan-english.com
PLAN
1.    Present Simple (I do) Indicates a fact, habit or regular action (Simple present of the verb)
2.    Present Continuous (I am doing) indicates a temporary action in progress at present (to be + ing)
3.    Present Perfect Continuous (I have been doing) indicates an action that has already started and
      and is still going on (has been/have been + ing + since/for)
4.    Present Perfect (I have done) NOTE: If you are using this structure with a state verb (e.g.:
      know, realise, suppose) you will express a state that continuous from the past till now. On
      the contrary if you use an action verb instead (e.g.:play, study, go) you will indicate a
      completed action without specified time in the past (has/have + past participle of the verb)
5.    Past Simple (I did) indicates a completed action but at a specified time in the past (simple
      past of the verb NOTE: mind regular and irregular verbs)
6.    Past Continuous (I was doing) its an action in progress in the past (was/were + ing)
7.    Past Perfect Continuous (I had been doing) its an action that has started, and continued for some
      time (had been+ ing + since/for)
8.    Past Perfect (I had done) action that has completed in the past (had + past participle of the
      verb)
9.    Future Simple (I will do) will show a decision at the time of speaking used mainly in
      dialogues and in contracted form (will/shall + verb)
10.   Going to Future (I am going to do) will indicate an action in the future that has already been
      planned before the speaker, or something that is certain to happen in the near future (to be+
      going to + present simple + future marker)
11.   Future Continuous (I will be doing) this is an action in progress at a specific time in the future (will
      be/shall be + ing + future marker)
12.   Future Perfect (I will have done) this one will show an action that will be completed in future
      (will have/shall have + past participle)
13.   Future Perfect Continuous (I will have been doing) action that will have started, will have continued
      for some time and it will still be in progress in the future (will/shall have been + ing + since/for)
                                             www.baan-english.com
1) Present Simple (I do)
           Indicates a fact, habit or regular action (Simple present of the verb)

          (e.g.: to do – to repeat )
                                                           I do the laundery, but I do not like it.
We add an “s” or an “es” for “he,she,it”
                                                           NOTE: This sentence indicates a fact
     Always, with every verb *This rule only
     apllies for present tense (never past or future)           first and a regular action later.
                                                             She repeats and repeats words.
                                                               They do plastic chairs for
   I                do                repeat                            kindergartens.
   You               do                repeat              We repeat the concept one more
   He               does               repeats                               time.
                                                                He does not work alone.
   She              does              repeats                         It doesn’t talk.
   It               does              repeats                      You do it very good!
   We               do                repeat               I repeat when I need to remember.
   They             do                repeat                We do yoga every Wednesday.
                                                              You repeat after me please.


                                              www.baan-english.com
2) Present Continuous (I am doing)
              indicates a temporary action in progress at present (to be + ing)

*Pay attention to the next box, it shows the basic structure for Present Continuous. Present Continuous form implies
    the use of the verb “to be” in the subsject segment and ing-ending for main verb… have a look!




*So if you want to express an action that happens at the moment you are talking you have to use Present
     Continuous form.
       Remember adding “s” or “es” to the main verb is ONLY used in Present tenses
                                                www.baan-english.com
3) Present Perfect Continuous (I have been doing)
   indicates an action that has already started and is still going on (has been/have
                                been + ing + since/for)


       We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has
           continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all
                      durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous.
So if the formula is: PERSON + HAS/HAVE BEEN + ING + SINCE/FOR, to make sentences with the
     following verbs, would be like:
*Verbs – to talk, to work, to do, to teach, to wait, to take, to feel, to exercise, to pay attention…
1. They have been talking for the last hour.
2. She has been working at that company for three years.
3. What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
4. James has been teaching at the university since June.
5. Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days?
NOTE: Remember you do not ALWAYS need to use “since/for” because other time markers
   such as “lately” or “recently” for example can emphazise the same meaning:
6. Recently, I have been feeling very tired.
7. Have you been exercising lately?
8. Mary has been paying a lot of attention this week.
                                           www.baan-english.com
4) Present Perfect (I have done)
                       Formula: has/have + past participle of the verb

NOTE: The present perfect expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped
   recently, but has an influence on the present. For irregular verbs, use the participle
   form. For regular verbs, just add “ed” because the structure is: HAS/HAVE + ED or PAST
   PARTICIPLE)

1. If you are using this structure with a state verb (e.g.: know, realise, suppose) you will
   express a state that started and has continued from the past till now.
• I have known the city since 2012.
• She has realized there was no more sugar left.
• You have supposed too much.

2. On the contrary if you use an action verb instead (e.g.:play, study, go) you will indicate a
   completed action without specified time in the past (without saying exactly when)
• She has played tennis.
• We have already studyed for our Geography lesson.
• He had gone to L.A.


                                        www.baan-english.com
 Result of an action in the past that is important in the present:
   I have cleaned my room.
 Recently completed action:
    He has just played handball.
 State beginning in the past and still continuing:
    We have lived in Canada since 1986.
 Together with lately, recently, yet:
    I have been to London recently.
Signal words: just, yet, never, already, ever, so far, up to now, recently, since,
   for…
*Affirmative sentences:        She has/she’s cleaned her room.
*Negative sentences:            She has not/she’s not/she hasn’t cleaned…
*Questions: The formula would be (have/has + Subject + verb + rest…)
o Has she cleaned her room? Hasn’t she cleaned her room?
o Have they cleaned their room? Haven’t they cleaned their room?
                                 www.baan-english.com
5) Past Simple (I did)
    indicates a completed action but at a specified time in the past (simple past of the verb)
                           NOTE: mind regular and irregular verbs

   Present Perfect (I have done) can also show a completed action BUT
     without specified time in the past. So this tense Past Simple (I did)
        indicates a completed action too BUT it includes marks for
      specified time in the past, it doesn’t use the auxiliar “to have/has
             AND it doesn’t use the past participle form of verbs”
Marks: yesterday, last year, a week ago, when I was young, a few years ago, in 2002…
1. Action finnished in the past:
   I visited London last week.
   He played football this evening.
   We went to the cinema a few nights ago.
2. Series of completed actions in the past:
    First I got up, then I had breakfast.
    She went mad and left away.
    It was much fun when I was young.
3. Negative and questions:
   She did not lie when she said that.
   Did the cat just jump up?


                                       www.baan-english.com
www.baan-english.com
6) Past Continuous (I was doing)
 When the action was in progress in the past (was/were + ing)

Interruption in the past: Use the Past Continuous
   to indicate that a longer action in the past was
   interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter
   action in the Simple Past. See:
a. I was reporting her story when she called
b. What were you doing when the music started?
Interruption as a specific-time marker: you can
   also use a specific time as an interruption. See:
                                  interruption
a. Last night at 6pm, I was eating dinner.
                 6pm
b. At midnight, she was still working.
      midnight

                         www.baan-english.com
Note: In the Simple Past, a specific-time marker is
Note
 used to show when an action began or finished…
           Last night at 6pm, I ate dinner.
                                I started eating at 6pm.

In the Past Continuous, a specific-time marker only
            Continuous
   interrupts the action…
        Last night at 6pm, I was eating dinner.
          I started earlier, and at 6pm, I was in the process of eating dinner.

Parallel actions: When you use the Past Continuous
   with 2 actions, it expresses the idea that both
          actions
   actions were happening at the same time. See:
                                          time
a. I was driving my car while she was talking on her
   phone.
b. Carla wasn’t cooking and I wasn’t cooking either.
                                               either
                                 www.baan-english.com
7) Past Perfect (I had done)
   When the action was completed in the past (had + past participle)

Mind regular/irregular verb list (with Present Simple – Past Simple – Past Participle
   forms) and you also need to know that participle form of regular verbs is also made
   by adding “ed/d” at the end. “You have studied English before you moved to NYC”
                ed/d
The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in
   the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the
   past. E.g.:
     “I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet”
     “He knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times”
     “Had Brian ever studied Thai before he moved to Thailand?
With non-continuous verbs and some non-continuous uses of mixed verbs, we use the
   Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until
   another action in the past. (check “types of verbs” before) E.g.:
      “We had had that car for over ten years before it broke down”
      “By the time Jason finished his studies, he had been in London for 8 years”
      “They felt bad about selling the house, because they had owned it for 40 years”
                                  www.baan-english.com
8) Past Perfect Continuous (I had been doing)
    …an action that has started, and continued for some time (had been+
                               ing + since/for)

•    I had been waiting for more than 2 hours there before they let me take the plane.
•    Had you been waiting for more than 2 hours b4 they let you go onboard?
•    Excuse me! You had not been waiting there for more than 2 hours b4 …

      We use Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and
      continued up until another time in the past too. "For five minutes" and "for two
      weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous.
                                                                             Continuous
     Notice that this is related to ”3) Present Perfect Continuous”; however, the duration
                                                        Continuous”
                     does not continue until now, it stops in the past. See:

•    They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
•    She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.
•    How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?
•    Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.
•    James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.
•    A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?
     B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.
                                      www.baan-english.com
Using Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause
    and effect. E.g.:
• Jason was tired because he had been jogging.
                                         jogging
• Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.
                                             overeating
• Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class.


    Past Continuous (I was doing) vs. Past Perfect Continuous (I had been doing)
 If you do not include a duration mark such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since
     Friday," many English speakers choose to use the Past Continuous rather than the Past
          Perfect Continuous. Study the examples below to understand the difference:
                  Continuous
• He was tired because he was exercising so hard.
    THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WAS TIRED BECAUSE HE WAS EXERCISING AT THAT EXACT
    MOMENT.
•   He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.
    THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WAS TIRED BECAUSE HE HAD BEEN EXERCISING
    HARD. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT HE WAS STILL EXERCISING AT THAT MOMENT OR THAT HE
    HAD JUST FINISHED.
                      REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs
 It is important to remember that non-continuous verbs cannot be used in any continuous
       tenses. Instead of using Past Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Past
                                      Perfect (I had done); see:
                                                      done)
• The motorcycle had been belonging to George for years before Tina bought it. Not
    Correct
• The motorcycle had belonged to George for years before Tina bought it. Correct
                                       www.baan-english.com
Please mind…
…that all of these explanations, mainly the rules, are for you to
  understand the mechanism of each of these 13 structures. Not that
  you have to memorize them by heart.

We want our brain to understand this grammar so it can built sentences
  by itself. You ONLY get this by practice.
When you know your brain is capable of making phrases more or less
  correctly – from the point of view of grammar – all you need to do is
  to know (clearly) what you want to say. 1st (I know exactly what
  I want to say next) – 2nd (I say it)

Tricks:
      At the beginning is easier when you FIRST think what you want to
   say (In your own language), THEN simplify that sentence as much as
   possible keeping its meaning untouched. And then say it in English
   (or any other 2nd language you’re practicing)

                            www.baan-english.com
www.baan-english.com
9) Future Simple (I will do)
   will show a decision at the time of speaking used mainly in dialogues and in
              contracted form (will/shall + infinitive form of the verb)


"Shall" is used to indicate future action. It is most commonly used
   in sentences with "I" or "we" and is often found in suggestions,
   such as "Shall we go?” Will is used with all persons. In modern
   English, particularly in American English, ”shall” with a future
   reference is rarely used. E.g.:
• Shall I help you? SUGGESTION
• I shall never forget where I came from. PROMISE
• He shall become our next king. PREDESTINATION
• I'm afraid Mr. Smith shall become our new
   director. INEVITABILITY
Contracted forms:
Shall         -     shall not            shan't (rarely used)
Will         'll    will not www.baan-english.com (frequently used)
                                         won't
Examples:
• “Wait, I will help you” – a spontaneous decision.
• “He will probably come back tomorrow” – an opinion, hope,
    uncertainty regarding the future.
• “I will not watch TV tonight” – a promise.
• “It will rain tomorrow” – as an action in the future that cannot be
    influenced.
           In certain situations we use “will” to emphasize:
•   “You will drink your milk”
•   “You will find a job”
                                                     More examples:
•   Will you go shopping?
•   She won’t stop trying.
•   You will use “Simple Future” very well!
                              www.baan-english.com
10) Going to Future (I am going to do)
   will indicate an action in the future that has already been planned before the speaker, or
   something that is certain to happen in the near future (to be+ going to + present simple +
                                           future marker)

Simple Future has 2 different forms in English: "will" and "be going to”
"Be going to" form expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to
    do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.
• He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
• She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
• A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
    B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
• I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
• Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
• They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
• Who are you going to invite to the party?
• A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
    B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.

Going to future expresses an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared,
    or a conclusion regarding the immediate future:
• “I am going to study harder next year” - an action in the near future that has already been
    planned or prepared
• “The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain” - a conclusion regarding the immediate future
                                        www.baan-english.com
11) Future Continuous (I will be doing)
this is an action in progress at a specific time in the future (will be/shall be + ing
                                  + future marker)


Future Continuous also has 2 different forms: "will be doing " and
  "be going to be doing.“ Check their structure:




                                   www.baan-english.com
Examples:
• You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives
  tonight.
• Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives
  tonight?
• You will not be waiting for her when her plane
  arrives tonight.
• You are going to be waiting for her when her
  plane arrives tonight.
• Are you going to be waiting for her when her
  plane arrives tonight?
• You are not going to be waiting for her when her
  plane arrives tonight.
                     www.baan-english.com
 Interrupted action in the future: Use the Future Continuous to indicate that
   a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action also in
   the future.
       I will be watching TV, when she arrives tonight.
       He will be waiting for me when the bus arrives.       arrives
       They will not be working by the time you arrive there.
       He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer
   when she arrives.
                  arrives
* Notice in the examples above that interruptions are in Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is
      because the interruptions are in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses. This is
                                                  what it means:
                    When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
                         When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct


 Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.
  I WILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER.
 At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the desert.
  WE WILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF DRIVING THROUGH THE DESERT.

                                            www.baan-english.com
 Parallel Actions in the Future: When you use the Future Continuous with
  two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions
  will be happening at the same time
 I am going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner.
 Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good
  time.
 While Ellen is reading, Tim will be watching television.
                 reading
   NOTICE "IS READING" BECAUSE OF THE TIME CLAUSE CONTAINING "WHILE.“
Parallel Actions in English are often used to describe atmosphere at a specific
   point in the future…E.g.:
 When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will
                                                         celebrating
   be dancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza,
       dancing                          talking
   and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same
   thing.
 Will you still be waiting for her when her plane arrives?
 You are still going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives.
 At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John. PASSIVE
 At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes. ACTIVE
                                  www.baan-english.com
12) Future Perfect (I will have done)
  This one will show an action that will be completed in future (will habe/shall
                            have + past participle)


Future Perfect has 2 different forms: "will have done" and "be going to
   have done.“
• Future Perfect with "Will“ [will have + past participle]
   You will have perfected your moves by the time this class is over.
   You won’t have perfected your moves if you don’t go to these classes.
   Will you have any move perfected by taking these classes?
• Future Perfect with "Be Going To" [am/is/are + going to have + past
   participle]
   Are you only going to have perfected your coordination?
   She is not going to have improvised a single move by the end of the
   exhibition.
   They are going to have gotten home by the time we finish.
The future perfect tense is used to describe what will have happened in
   the future before a different action takes place, or by a specific time.
                                 www.baan-english.com
More examples:
   Completed Action Before Something in the Future:
   By next November, I will have received my promotion.
   By the time he gets home, she is going to have cleaned the entire house.
   I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o'clock.
   Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to
    Beijing?
   Sam is probably going to have completed the proposal by the time he leaves this
    afternoon.
   By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests.
   How many countries are you going to have visited by the time you turn 50?
   Duration Before Something in the Future:
   I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.
   By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a week.

 REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if,
  unless, etc.
 I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework. Not Correct
 I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. Correct
                                          www.baan-english.com
13) Future Perfect Continuous (I will have been doing)
Action that will have started, will have continued for some time and will still be in
          progress in the future (will/shall have been + ing + since/for)


Future Perfect Continuous has two different forms: "will have been
   doing " and "be going to have been doing.“
• Future Perfect Continuous with "Will“ [will have been + present
  participle]
  You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally
  arrives.
  Will you have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally
  arrives?
  You will not have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally
  arrives
• Future Perfect Continuous with "Be Going To“ [am/is/are + going to
  have been + present participle]
   You are going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane
  finally arrives.
   Are you going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane
  finally arrives?
   You are not going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her
  plane finally arrives.
                                  www.baan-english.com
More examples:
 Duration Before Something in the Future:
  They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives.
  She is going to have been working at that company for three years when it
  finally closes.
  James will have been teaching at the university for more than an year by the time
  he leaves for Asia.
  How long will you have been studying when you graduate?
  We are going to have been driving for over three days straight when we get to
  Anchorage.
  A: When you finish your English course, will you have been living in New Zealand for
  over a year?
  B: No, I will not have been living here that long.
 Using the Future Perfect Continuous before another action in
  the future is a good way to show cause and effect:
  Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for
  over an hour.
  Carla's English will be perfect when she returns to Thailand because she is
  going to have been studying English in Boston for over two years.
                                 www.baan-english.com
Future Continuous (I will be doing) vs. Future Perfect Continuous
                    (I will have been doing)
If you do not include a duration mark such as "for five minutes”, "for two
    weeks" or "since Friday" many English speakers choose to use the Future
    Continuous (I will be doing) rather than the Future Perfect Continuous (I will
    have been doing). Be careful because Future Continuous emphasizes
    interrupted actions, while Future Perfect Continuous emphasizes duration
    of a time before something in the future. Study the examples below to
    understand the difference:
• He will be tired because he will be exercising so hard.
    THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WILL BE TIRED BECAUSE HE WILL BE EXERCISING AT THAT
    EXACT MOMENT IN THE FUTURE.
•   He will be tired because he will have been exercising so hard.
    THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WILL BE TIRED BECAUSE HE WILL HAVE BEEN EXERCISING
    FOR A PERIOD OF TIME. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT HE WILL STILL BE EXERCISING AT THAT MOMENT
    OR THAT HE WILL JUST HAVE FINISHED.
 AND REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs:
• Ned will have been having his driver's license for over two years. Not Correct
• Ned will have had his driver's license for over two years. Correct
                                   www.baan-english.com
 In order to acomplish a full understanding of some of these structures and being able to
  use them correctly, you should also check: state/action and mixed verbs –
  regular/irregular verbs and time clauses.
 If you need to improvise your English to talk to your clients, socialize, for selling or any
  purpose that is NOT teaching or passing a test then don’t waste too much time on
  memorizing grammar rules. Focus on practicing instead until you can use structures
  correctly either you recognize which one it is or not.
 Do not rush! Calm down and remember that learning a new language is difficult. Take
  your time every time, relax, read carefully and if you do not understand, read
  again, try to answer your own inquiries by yourself or google your questions just as if you
  were asking your teacher.
                       teacher
 Read out loud! Pay attention to your pronounciation you want to understand and be
  understood.
 Translate everything you can to English in your free time. When you find the right
  translation say it! Say it many, many times.
 It is vital that you make sure your brain is getting used to English grammar, sounds and
  tongue-muscle use.
 We are learning a different language here so take it easy! Little by little, step by step just
  don’t rush and don’t stop. Check this link: http://www.baan-english.com/?p=234
 If you do not fully understand when talking to English native-speakers do not worry too
  much because you don’t need to recognize every single word. There will always be new
  words and even native speakers do not ALWAYS understand EVERY word between them.
                                     www.baan-english.com
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English tenses slideshare with BAAN ENGLISH

  • 1.  Attention, this video is for all those who have stopped using their English for a while and so have lost fluency…  For those who have always kept doubts about how to use this or that tense… Recommended for intermediates, upper-intermediates and advanced.  NOTE: because of technical reasons this video will go fast on its “playing” so STOP it every time you need to.  You should also check: state/action and mixed verbs – regular/irregular verbs and time clauses.  If you need to improvise your English to talk to your clients, socialize, for selling or any purpose that is NOT teaching or passing a test then don’t waste too much time on memorizing grammar rules. Focus on practicing instead until you can use structures correctly either you recognize which one it is or not.  Do not rush! Calm down and remember that learning a new language is difficult. Take your time every time, relax, read carefully and if you do not understand, read again, try to answer your own inquiries by yourself or google your questions just as if you were asking your teacher. teacher  Read out loud! Pay attention to your pronounciation you want to understand and be understood.  Translate everything you can to English in your free time. When you find the right translation say it! Say it many, many times.  It is vital that you make sure your brain is getting used to English grammar, sounds and tongue-muscle use.  We are learning a different language here so take it easy! Little by little, step by step just don’t rush and don’t stop. Check this link: http://www.baan-english.com/?p=234  If you do not fully understand when talking to English native-speakers do not worry too much because you don’t need to recognize every single word. There will always be new words and even native speakers do not ALWAYS understand EVERY word between them. www.baan-english.com
  • 2. ALL ENGLISH TENSES with www.baan-english.com www.baan-english.com
  • 3. PLAN 1. Present Simple (I do) Indicates a fact, habit or regular action (Simple present of the verb) 2. Present Continuous (I am doing) indicates a temporary action in progress at present (to be + ing) 3. Present Perfect Continuous (I have been doing) indicates an action that has already started and and is still going on (has been/have been + ing + since/for) 4. Present Perfect (I have done) NOTE: If you are using this structure with a state verb (e.g.: know, realise, suppose) you will express a state that continuous from the past till now. On the contrary if you use an action verb instead (e.g.:play, study, go) you will indicate a completed action without specified time in the past (has/have + past participle of the verb) 5. Past Simple (I did) indicates a completed action but at a specified time in the past (simple past of the verb NOTE: mind regular and irregular verbs) 6. Past Continuous (I was doing) its an action in progress in the past (was/were + ing) 7. Past Perfect Continuous (I had been doing) its an action that has started, and continued for some time (had been+ ing + since/for) 8. Past Perfect (I had done) action that has completed in the past (had + past participle of the verb) 9. Future Simple (I will do) will show a decision at the time of speaking used mainly in dialogues and in contracted form (will/shall + verb) 10. Going to Future (I am going to do) will indicate an action in the future that has already been planned before the speaker, or something that is certain to happen in the near future (to be+ going to + present simple + future marker) 11. Future Continuous (I will be doing) this is an action in progress at a specific time in the future (will be/shall be + ing + future marker) 12. Future Perfect (I will have done) this one will show an action that will be completed in future (will have/shall have + past participle) 13. Future Perfect Continuous (I will have been doing) action that will have started, will have continued for some time and it will still be in progress in the future (will/shall have been + ing + since/for) www.baan-english.com
  • 4. 1) Present Simple (I do) Indicates a fact, habit or regular action (Simple present of the verb) (e.g.: to do – to repeat )  I do the laundery, but I do not like it. We add an “s” or an “es” for “he,she,it” NOTE: This sentence indicates a fact Always, with every verb *This rule only apllies for present tense (never past or future) first and a regular action later.  She repeats and repeats words.  They do plastic chairs for  I do repeat kindergartens.  You do repeat  We repeat the concept one more  He does repeats time.  He does not work alone.  She does repeats  It doesn’t talk.  It does repeats  You do it very good!  We do repeat  I repeat when I need to remember.  They do repeat  We do yoga every Wednesday.  You repeat after me please. www.baan-english.com
  • 5. 2) Present Continuous (I am doing) indicates a temporary action in progress at present (to be + ing) *Pay attention to the next box, it shows the basic structure for Present Continuous. Present Continuous form implies the use of the verb “to be” in the subsject segment and ing-ending for main verb… have a look! *So if you want to express an action that happens at the moment you are talking you have to use Present Continuous form. Remember adding “s” or “es” to the main verb is ONLY used in Present tenses www.baan-english.com
  • 6. 3) Present Perfect Continuous (I have been doing) indicates an action that has already started and is still going on (has been/have been + ing + since/for) We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous. So if the formula is: PERSON + HAS/HAVE BEEN + ING + SINCE/FOR, to make sentences with the following verbs, would be like: *Verbs – to talk, to work, to do, to teach, to wait, to take, to feel, to exercise, to pay attention… 1. They have been talking for the last hour. 2. She has been working at that company for three years. 3. What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes? 4. James has been teaching at the university since June. 5. Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days? NOTE: Remember you do not ALWAYS need to use “since/for” because other time markers such as “lately” or “recently” for example can emphazise the same meaning: 6. Recently, I have been feeling very tired. 7. Have you been exercising lately? 8. Mary has been paying a lot of attention this week. www.baan-english.com
  • 7. 4) Present Perfect (I have done) Formula: has/have + past participle of the verb NOTE: The present perfect expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. For irregular verbs, use the participle form. For regular verbs, just add “ed” because the structure is: HAS/HAVE + ED or PAST PARTICIPLE) 1. If you are using this structure with a state verb (e.g.: know, realise, suppose) you will express a state that started and has continued from the past till now. • I have known the city since 2012. • She has realized there was no more sugar left. • You have supposed too much. 2. On the contrary if you use an action verb instead (e.g.:play, study, go) you will indicate a completed action without specified time in the past (without saying exactly when) • She has played tennis. • We have already studyed for our Geography lesson. • He had gone to L.A. www.baan-english.com
  • 8.  Result of an action in the past that is important in the present: I have cleaned my room.  Recently completed action: He has just played handball.  State beginning in the past and still continuing: We have lived in Canada since 1986.  Together with lately, recently, yet: I have been to London recently. Signal words: just, yet, never, already, ever, so far, up to now, recently, since, for… *Affirmative sentences: She has/she’s cleaned her room. *Negative sentences: She has not/she’s not/she hasn’t cleaned… *Questions: The formula would be (have/has + Subject + verb + rest…) o Has she cleaned her room? Hasn’t she cleaned her room? o Have they cleaned their room? Haven’t they cleaned their room? www.baan-english.com
  • 9. 5) Past Simple (I did) indicates a completed action but at a specified time in the past (simple past of the verb) NOTE: mind regular and irregular verbs Present Perfect (I have done) can also show a completed action BUT without specified time in the past. So this tense Past Simple (I did) indicates a completed action too BUT it includes marks for specified time in the past, it doesn’t use the auxiliar “to have/has AND it doesn’t use the past participle form of verbs” Marks: yesterday, last year, a week ago, when I was young, a few years ago, in 2002… 1. Action finnished in the past: I visited London last week. He played football this evening. We went to the cinema a few nights ago. 2. Series of completed actions in the past: First I got up, then I had breakfast. She went mad and left away. It was much fun when I was young. 3. Negative and questions: She did not lie when she said that. Did the cat just jump up? www.baan-english.com
  • 11. 6) Past Continuous (I was doing) When the action was in progress in the past (was/were + ing) Interruption in the past: Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. See: a. I was reporting her story when she called b. What were you doing when the music started? Interruption as a specific-time marker: you can also use a specific time as an interruption. See: interruption a. Last night at 6pm, I was eating dinner. 6pm b. At midnight, she was still working. midnight www.baan-english.com
  • 12. Note: In the Simple Past, a specific-time marker is Note used to show when an action began or finished… Last night at 6pm, I ate dinner. I started eating at 6pm. In the Past Continuous, a specific-time marker only Continuous interrupts the action… Last night at 6pm, I was eating dinner. I started earlier, and at 6pm, I was in the process of eating dinner. Parallel actions: When you use the Past Continuous with 2 actions, it expresses the idea that both actions actions were happening at the same time. See: time a. I was driving my car while she was talking on her phone. b. Carla wasn’t cooking and I wasn’t cooking either. either www.baan-english.com
  • 13. 7) Past Perfect (I had done) When the action was completed in the past (had + past participle) Mind regular/irregular verb list (with Present Simple – Past Simple – Past Participle forms) and you also need to know that participle form of regular verbs is also made by adding “ed/d” at the end. “You have studied English before you moved to NYC” ed/d The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. E.g.: “I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet” “He knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times” “Had Brian ever studied Thai before he moved to Thailand? With non-continuous verbs and some non-continuous uses of mixed verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. (check “types of verbs” before) E.g.: “We had had that car for over ten years before it broke down” “By the time Jason finished his studies, he had been in London for 8 years” “They felt bad about selling the house, because they had owned it for 40 years” www.baan-english.com
  • 14. 8) Past Perfect Continuous (I had been doing) …an action that has started, and continued for some time (had been+ ing + since/for) • I had been waiting for more than 2 hours there before they let me take the plane. • Had you been waiting for more than 2 hours b4 they let you go onboard? • Excuse me! You had not been waiting there for more than 2 hours b4 … We use Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past too. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Continuous Notice that this is related to ”3) Present Perfect Continuous”; however, the duration Continuous” does not continue until now, it stops in the past. See: • They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived. • She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business. • How long had you been waiting to get on the bus? • Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work. • James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia. • A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara? B: I had not been studying Turkish very long. www.baan-english.com
  • 15. Using Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect. E.g.: • Jason was tired because he had been jogging. jogging • Sam gained weight because he had been overeating. overeating • Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class. Past Continuous (I was doing) vs. Past Perfect Continuous (I had been doing) If you do not include a duration mark such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday," many English speakers choose to use the Past Continuous rather than the Past Perfect Continuous. Study the examples below to understand the difference: Continuous • He was tired because he was exercising so hard. THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WAS TIRED BECAUSE HE WAS EXERCISING AT THAT EXACT MOMENT. • He was tired because he had been exercising so hard. THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WAS TIRED BECAUSE HE HAD BEEN EXERCISING HARD. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT HE WAS STILL EXERCISING AT THAT MOMENT OR THAT HE HAD JUST FINISHED. REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs It is important to remember that non-continuous verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Past Perfect (I had done); see: done) • The motorcycle had been belonging to George for years before Tina bought it. Not Correct • The motorcycle had belonged to George for years before Tina bought it. Correct www.baan-english.com
  • 16. Please mind… …that all of these explanations, mainly the rules, are for you to understand the mechanism of each of these 13 structures. Not that you have to memorize them by heart. We want our brain to understand this grammar so it can built sentences by itself. You ONLY get this by practice. When you know your brain is capable of making phrases more or less correctly – from the point of view of grammar – all you need to do is to know (clearly) what you want to say. 1st (I know exactly what I want to say next) – 2nd (I say it) Tricks: At the beginning is easier when you FIRST think what you want to say (In your own language), THEN simplify that sentence as much as possible keeping its meaning untouched. And then say it in English (or any other 2nd language you’re practicing) www.baan-english.com
  • 18. 9) Future Simple (I will do) will show a decision at the time of speaking used mainly in dialogues and in contracted form (will/shall + infinitive form of the verb) "Shall" is used to indicate future action. It is most commonly used in sentences with "I" or "we" and is often found in suggestions, such as "Shall we go?” Will is used with all persons. In modern English, particularly in American English, ”shall” with a future reference is rarely used. E.g.: • Shall I help you? SUGGESTION • I shall never forget where I came from. PROMISE • He shall become our next king. PREDESTINATION • I'm afraid Mr. Smith shall become our new director. INEVITABILITY Contracted forms: Shall - shall not shan't (rarely used) Will 'll will not www.baan-english.com (frequently used) won't
  • 19. Examples: • “Wait, I will help you” – a spontaneous decision. • “He will probably come back tomorrow” – an opinion, hope, uncertainty regarding the future. • “I will not watch TV tonight” – a promise. • “It will rain tomorrow” – as an action in the future that cannot be influenced. In certain situations we use “will” to emphasize: • “You will drink your milk” • “You will find a job” More examples: • Will you go shopping? • She won’t stop trying. • You will use “Simple Future” very well! www.baan-english.com
  • 20. 10) Going to Future (I am going to do) will indicate an action in the future that has already been planned before the speaker, or something that is certain to happen in the near future (to be+ going to + present simple + future marker) Simple Future has 2 different forms in English: "will" and "be going to” "Be going to" form expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not. • He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. • She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii. • A: When are we going to meet each other tonight? B: We are going to meet at 6 PM. • I'm going to be an actor when I grow up. • Michelle is going to begin medical school next year. • They are going to drive all the way to Alaska. • Who are you going to invite to the party? • A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake? B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake. Going to future expresses an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared, or a conclusion regarding the immediate future: • “I am going to study harder next year” - an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared • “The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain” - a conclusion regarding the immediate future www.baan-english.com
  • 21. 11) Future Continuous (I will be doing) this is an action in progress at a specific time in the future (will be/shall be + ing + future marker) Future Continuous also has 2 different forms: "will be doing " and "be going to be doing.“ Check their structure: www.baan-english.com
  • 22. Examples: • You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. • Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight? • You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. • You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. • Are you going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight? • You are not going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. www.baan-english.com
  • 23.  Interrupted action in the future: Use the Future Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action also in the future.  I will be watching TV, when she arrives tonight.  He will be waiting for me when the bus arrives. arrives  They will not be working by the time you arrive there.  He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she arrives. arrives * Notice in the examples above that interruptions are in Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses. This is what it means:  When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct  When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct  Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner. I WILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER.  At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the desert. WE WILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF DRIVING THROUGH THE DESERT. www.baan-english.com
  • 24.  Parallel Actions in the Future: When you use the Future Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions will be happening at the same time  I am going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner.  Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.  While Ellen is reading, Tim will be watching television. reading NOTICE "IS READING" BECAUSE OF THE TIME CLAUSE CONTAINING "WHILE.“ Parallel Actions in English are often used to describe atmosphere at a specific point in the future…E.g.:  When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will celebrating be dancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, dancing talking and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing.  Will you still be waiting for her when her plane arrives?  You are still going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives.  At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John. PASSIVE  At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes. ACTIVE www.baan-english.com
  • 25. 12) Future Perfect (I will have done) This one will show an action that will be completed in future (will habe/shall have + past participle) Future Perfect has 2 different forms: "will have done" and "be going to have done.“ • Future Perfect with "Will“ [will have + past participle] You will have perfected your moves by the time this class is over. You won’t have perfected your moves if you don’t go to these classes. Will you have any move perfected by taking these classes? • Future Perfect with "Be Going To" [am/is/are + going to have + past participle] Are you only going to have perfected your coordination? She is not going to have improvised a single move by the end of the exhibition. They are going to have gotten home by the time we finish. The future perfect tense is used to describe what will have happened in the future before a different action takes place, or by a specific time. www.baan-english.com
  • 26. More examples:  Completed Action Before Something in the Future:  By next November, I will have received my promotion.  By the time he gets home, she is going to have cleaned the entire house.  I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o'clock.  Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing?  Sam is probably going to have completed the proposal by the time he leaves this afternoon.  By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests.  How many countries are you going to have visited by the time you turn 50?  Duration Before Something in the Future:  I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.  By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a week.  REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc.  I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework. Not Correct  I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. Correct www.baan-english.com
  • 27. 13) Future Perfect Continuous (I will have been doing) Action that will have started, will have continued for some time and will still be in progress in the future (will/shall have been + ing + since/for) Future Perfect Continuous has two different forms: "will have been doing " and "be going to have been doing.“ • Future Perfect Continuous with "Will“ [will have been + present participle] You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives. Will you have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives? You will not have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives • Future Perfect Continuous with "Be Going To“ [am/is/are + going to have been + present participle] You are going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives. Are you going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives? You are not going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives. www.baan-english.com
  • 28. More examples:  Duration Before Something in the Future: They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives. She is going to have been working at that company for three years when it finally closes. James will have been teaching at the university for more than an year by the time he leaves for Asia. How long will you have been studying when you graduate? We are going to have been driving for over three days straight when we get to Anchorage. A: When you finish your English course, will you have been living in New Zealand for over a year? B: No, I will not have been living here that long.  Using the Future Perfect Continuous before another action in the future is a good way to show cause and effect: Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for over an hour. Carla's English will be perfect when she returns to Thailand because she is going to have been studying English in Boston for over two years. www.baan-english.com
  • 29. Future Continuous (I will be doing) vs. Future Perfect Continuous (I will have been doing) If you do not include a duration mark such as "for five minutes”, "for two weeks" or "since Friday" many English speakers choose to use the Future Continuous (I will be doing) rather than the Future Perfect Continuous (I will have been doing). Be careful because Future Continuous emphasizes interrupted actions, while Future Perfect Continuous emphasizes duration of a time before something in the future. Study the examples below to understand the difference: • He will be tired because he will be exercising so hard. THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WILL BE TIRED BECAUSE HE WILL BE EXERCISING AT THAT EXACT MOMENT IN THE FUTURE. • He will be tired because he will have been exercising so hard. THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WILL BE TIRED BECAUSE HE WILL HAVE BEEN EXERCISING FOR A PERIOD OF TIME. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT HE WILL STILL BE EXERCISING AT THAT MOMENT OR THAT HE WILL JUST HAVE FINISHED.  AND REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs: • Ned will have been having his driver's license for over two years. Not Correct • Ned will have had his driver's license for over two years. Correct www.baan-english.com
  • 30.  In order to acomplish a full understanding of some of these structures and being able to use them correctly, you should also check: state/action and mixed verbs – regular/irregular verbs and time clauses.  If you need to improvise your English to talk to your clients, socialize, for selling or any purpose that is NOT teaching or passing a test then don’t waste too much time on memorizing grammar rules. Focus on practicing instead until you can use structures correctly either you recognize which one it is or not.  Do not rush! Calm down and remember that learning a new language is difficult. Take your time every time, relax, read carefully and if you do not understand, read again, try to answer your own inquiries by yourself or google your questions just as if you were asking your teacher. teacher  Read out loud! Pay attention to your pronounciation you want to understand and be understood.  Translate everything you can to English in your free time. When you find the right translation say it! Say it many, many times.  It is vital that you make sure your brain is getting used to English grammar, sounds and tongue-muscle use.  We are learning a different language here so take it easy! Little by little, step by step just don’t rush and don’t stop. Check this link: http://www.baan-english.com/?p=234  If you do not fully understand when talking to English native-speakers do not worry too much because you don’t need to recognize every single word. There will always be new words and even native speakers do not ALWAYS understand EVERY word between them. www.baan-english.com

Notas do Editor

  1. Remember “s/es” for “he,she,it” ONLY