Describe Defence Mechanisms - Humans

b.stev Describe: Immune Defence - Humans

NON-specific immune response, description: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

COMPLEMENT SYSTEM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],the 2 MAIN pathways of the COMPLEMENT SYSTEM starter proteins: attach to invasive microbe - gives recognition of it’s presence - the complement system responds

2. CLASSICAL: group of proteins in the blood that triggers a specific antibody response to the pathogen 1. ALTERNATE: specific proteins bind in sequence to pathogen - initiates c a s c a d e of response enzymes secreted - enzymes attack pathogen’s cell membrane , (opens) DEATH results called: MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX one of the most useful weapons to the body (Wikipedia, 2008)

INTERFERON ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],certain glycoprotein – known as, CYTOKINE is secreted produced : immune cells after foreign encounter (mostly) CYTOKINE(S): communicate a pathway by signalling a response from specific immune cells, throughout the various stages of the process, ie: - upgrade gene production, classical complement system - downgrade response, via the use of feedback inhibition

PHAGOCYTES: (engulf unwanted matter) dispose of toxins, tired cells & dead foreign bodies PUS: (debris) accumulated from the immune response INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PAIN felt - expanded tissues continually trigger nerves that signal, pressure : sensitivity results

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],FEVER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],produce: unfavourable environment to the pathogen ie: some microbes only tolerate specific temperatures & disturbance (s) within their HOST ENVIRONMENT this response favours the bodies needs: (Wikipedia, 2008)

PLASTER: (band-aid) covers wound PHYSICAL BARRIERS HAIR : surface area over the skin (sense) SKIN : contains the physical body within repair/ renewal – maintains barrier NAILS : protects appendage ends - wounds/ bruising CLOTHES PROTECTIVE GEAR: masks/ gloves/ suit/ shoes QUARANTINE ENVIRONMENTS BUILDINGS

CHEMICAL INHIBITORS stomach acid: pH 2 – unfavourable to most bacteria mucus: traps microbes & debris mucus linings: cilia : move particle(s) out for excretion via - outward direction sebum: pH 5.5 – inhibits microbial growth bile: secreted by gallbladder to the duodenum enzyme: tears/ sweat/ saliva contain, lysozyme - disrupts cell wall (digests peptidoglycan)

MICROBIAL COMPETITION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Wikipedia, 2008)

Bibliography Kennedy. A. (1999). The inflammatory response . Retrieved October 18, 2008, from http//: www.alan.kennedy.name/crohns/primer/inflresp . htm - 11k - Wikipedia. (2008). Complement system - wikipedia,the free encyclopedia . Retrieved October 17, 2008, from http//:www. en.wikipedia. org/wiki/ Complement _system - 66k - Wikipedia. (2008). Interferon - wikipedia,the free encyclopedia . Retrieved October 17, 2008, from http//:www. en.wikipedia. org/wiki/ Interferon - 111k - Wikipedia. (2008). Inflammation - wikipedia,the free encyclopedia . Retrieved October 17, 2008, from http//:www. en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Inflammation - 130k -

Wikipedia. (2008). Fever - wikipedia,the free encyclopedia . Retrieved October 17, 2008, from http//:www. en.wikipedia. org/wiki/ Fever - 77k - Pommerville J.C. (2004). Alcamo’s – Fundamentals of Microbiology (7 th ed.). Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett.

Describe Defence Mechanisms - Humans

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Describe Defence Mechanisms - Humans