Advanced Computing Techonologies

1. Dr.A.Kathirvel
Professor & HoD M.E-CSE
13.12.2011

3. When, What, Why, How – Green Computing
E-waste
Problem
Solution
Conclusion

4.  In 1992, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency launched Energy
Star, a voluntary labeling program,
designed to promote and recognize
energy-efficiency in monitors, climate
control equipment, and other
technologies
 The term "green computing" was
probably coined shortly after the
Energy Star program began, and
generally referred to power
consumption
 Green computing is the study and
practice of using computing resources
efficiently
 social responsibility, and
environmental impact

5. “Green computing is the
environmentally responsible
use of computers and related
resources.”
OR
Green computing is using
computers and related
hardware in a way that is
environmentally friendly.

6. Why do we need green computing?
 May contain toxic substances such as
mercury, cadmium, and lead, which may
negatively impact the quality of our
environment if not disposed of responsibly.

7. Buy environmentally safe hardware.
Look for the Energy Star. It means the
hardware meets the Environmental
Protection Agency’s guidelines for saving
energy.
Put your computer in standby mode or
turn it off when not in use to save
energy.
Recycle! Buy recycled goods and recycle
used paper and toner cartridges to
minimize waste.

8.  A typical desktop PC may require
approximately 100 watts of
electrical power
 Add 50-150 watts for a 15-17 inch
monitor, proportionately more for
larger monitors
 Conventional laser printers can be
as much as 100 watts or more when
printing though much less if idling
in a “sleep mode”
 Ink jet printers use as little as 12
watts while printing and 5 watts
while idling

10. Photos Courtesy of
Basel Action Network

11. • International Scenarios
50 to 80% e-wastes
collected is exported for
recycling by U.S. Export is
legal in U.S.
Exported e-waste recycling
and disposal in China, India
and Pakistan is highly
polluting.

13.  The electronic waste management
assumes greater significance in India not
only due to the generation of our own
waste but also dumping of e-waste
particularly computer waste from the
developed countries.
 There are two small e-waste dismantling
facilities functioning in Chennai and
Bangalore.
 Five e-waste recyclers around Chennai
have been recognized by the Tamil Nadu
Pollution Control Board — Thrishyiraya
Recycling India Pvt Ltd, INAA Enterprises,
AER World Wide (India) private Ltd,
TESAMM Recyclers India Pvt Ltd and
Ultrust Solution (I) Pvt Ltd.

16. Never throw a cell phone in the garbage
Recycle it!
You can get money for it.

17.  Print as little as possible
 Use Print Preview
 Smaller font sizes and margins on large
documents can save a good deal of
paper
 Don’t printout emails
 Try to email instead of faxing
 Try circulating items instead of copying
 Use double-sided printing and copying
 Reuse paper only printed on once

18.  Use Review features within Word such
as Track Changes, Comments, and Ink—
no need to print to edit documents
 Use laser prints over inkjet prints
 Don’t print in color if you don’t need to
 Don’t use printers as copy machines
 Be careful where you print
 Copy the minimum that you need
 Use 100% post consumer recycled paper
 Teach students these lessons

19. Scan it
It’s already digital?
Email it

20.  Consider that the average computer lifespan
is about 2 years (cell phones < 2 years)
10 years ago, the lifespan of a computer
was 5 years
between 1997 and 2004, it is estimated
that 315 million computers became
obsolete (and were discarded, donated, or
recycled)
 183 million computers were sold in 2004 (674
million cell phones!)
 New users in China (178 million by 2010) and
India (80 million by 2010) will require the
creation of new computers
 Disposal of these devices constituted 20-50
million tons per year (about 5% of the total
waste of the planet)
this waste is called e-waste
where are we going to put all of it?

21.  Europe has outlawed using landfills for
computer components
the US and Europe export a lot of e-waste
to Asian landfills (especially China even
though China has outlawed the importing of
e-waste)
in addition, incineration of computer
components leads to air pollution and
airborne toxins

22. Reuse: donate your computer components to people
who may not have or have lesser quality computers
inner city schools, churches, libraries, third world countries
this however leads to the older computers being dumped but there is
probably no way around this as eventually the older computers would
be discarded anyway
Refurbish: rather than discarding your computer when
the next generation is released, just get a new CPU and
memory chips – upgrade rather than replace
while you will still be discarded some components, you will
retain most of the computer system (e.g., monitor, the system
unit housing, cables)
Are there adequate incentives to do either of the above?
Do computer companies encourage
refurbishing/upgrading?

23. Repurpose, Reuse or Donate
Recycle
 There may be a charge

24. If companies can recycle the plastics and other
components, this can greatly reduce waste and toxins
however, the hazardous materials in e-waste can harm the
recycle workers if they are not properly protected
in undeveloped countries, a lot of the recycling chores are left up to
unprotected children!
Developed countries now have facilities for recycling e-
waste
however, in Europe, the plastics are discarded instead of
recycled because the flame retardant chemicals are too toxic
to work with
To resolve these problems, the computer manufacturers
must start using recyclable chemicals

25. When not in use, turn off
the components

26. Screen savers save no
energy

27. Recycling
Recycle batteries, ink
cartridges and print toner

28. Can you upgrade instead?
Buy only “Energy Star”
computers, monitors and
printers
Buy laptops not desktops
Buy ink jet printers, not
laser printers for home use

29. New technology often more
energy efficient
Laptop 15W total
LCD system: 80W total
CRT system: down to 120W from
270W
Independent certification bodies
e.g., TCO, Nordic Swan, EU Eco-
label
Energy saver features are now
standard

32. The use of liquid cooling
of servers enables
reductions in power by
rejecting heat directly
outside into ornamental
cooling ponds, or the re-
use of heat for office
heating in the winter.

33. Traditional Approach
Replace Tower with
Pond, in Summer. In
Winter, re-use Heat for
Office Spaces

35.  Water Line     HEAT

39. Self Contained Solar Power Kiosk

40. Rural Broadband Wireless
Access/Subscriber
Computing
Partners
Green IT Alliance
Integration, Power Testing
Galexis Technologies
Wireless System
Design/Integration/Service
First Step Internet
ISP
Safedesk
Low Power Computer
Platform

41. Solar Powered Irrigation System

42. Green Computing
IT is a major power
consumer
A significant percentage of
the power is wasted
Opportunities exist to
dramatically improve IT
energy efficiency
IT can be a very beneficial
part of the Green movement

43. • http://ecenter.colorado.edu/energy/proj
ects/green_computing.html
• http://www.energymanagement.umich.
edu/utilities/energy_management/comp
uting/
• http://www.facilities.ohiou.edu/greenpc
• http://www.environment.columbia.edu/
docs-wycd/green_guide/Facts.html
• http://wiki.williams.edu/display/docs/Gr
een+Computing
• http://www.uoregon.edu/~recycle/Cons
ervation_computing_text.htm
• http://www.ecofoot.msu.edu/document
s/green.computing.guide.pdf

44. • Environmental Impact of Computer
Information Technology in an Institutional
Setting: A Case Study at the University of
Guelph
• Report of the Green Computing Task Group
Campus Computing and the Environment
• Sustainability at U of G
• Computer Professionals for Social
Responsibility Resources on Computers and
the Environment
• Environmentally Preferable Purchasing-
Electronics
US Environmental Protection Agency
• Electronics Product Stewardship Canada