David Russell gave the presentation that explains wireline technology for Blandin’s Broadband conference.

1. Wireline Broadband Technologies

4. Residential Internet Access

5. HFC Architecture Voice Switch Data Router/ IP Switch Video DFB Laser Optical Node Coax RG6 Headend Home RF MUX RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF Optical Distribution Node 100 - 2000 Households Passed 4 coaxial branches typical l 4-20 spare fibers “ extra fiber simplifies node splitting” 6kft max Distribution Coaxial Cable P/S

6. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Frequency [MHz] Return 5 - 42 MHz Analog Forward Digital Forward FM 266 digital channels (8 SDTV per 6Mhz avg.) 77 - 6Mhz analog TV channels (NTSC) Multiple digital and analog carriers of mixed size Basic 550Mhz system Basic 750Mhz system Return for both systems MSO 750 MHz Spectrum

8. 0 Hz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz 25 MHz 30 MHz 35 MHz 40 MHz 42 MHz 45 MHz 90 MHz Status Monitor Set top control Typically not used Cable Modem “ Typical” Cable Telephone “ Typical” Typically not used Typical N.A.Diplex Filter Cutoff Both platforms are generally able to use this space MSO Upstream Spectrum Useable with mid-band split future

11. DOCSIS Version Overview [1] Assumes 750MHz of available downstream spectrum (125 channels) [2] Aggregation of four 6MHz channels. With 256QAM = 160 Mbps [3] Assumes ~25MHz of useable upstream spectrum [4] Assumes ~35MHz of useable upstream spectrum [5] Aggregation of 4 6MHz channels Upstream Bandwidth Downstream Bandwidth Consumer Devices Services X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Cable Modem VoIP Phone (MTA) Residential Gateway Video Phone Mobile Devices IP Set-top Box X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Broadband Internet Tiered Services VoIP Video Conferencing Commercial Services Entertainment Video 120 m i n i m u m [5] 170 [4] 30 170 [4] 10 80 [3] 10 80 [3] Mbps/channel Mbps/node 160 minimum [2] 5 [1] 40 5 [1] 40 5 [1] 40 5 [1] Mbps/channel Gbps/node DOCSIS 3.0 DOCSIS 2.0 DOCSIS 1.1 DOCSIS 1.0 DOCSIS Version

13. DOCSIS Downstream Rate Equally Distributed <node @ 192 subs

14. DOCSIS Upstream Rate Equally Distributed <node @ 192 subs

16. Copper and FTTH Technologies

18. Distribution Network Loop Lengths 95% Percentile Distribution Loop Length (1983 Survey) Source: T1E1.4/2003-212, Telcordia Technologies 95% Percentile Distribution Loop Length (1990 Survey)

21. DSL Rate / Reach Graph (downstream) Bandwidth (Mbps) Loop Length (26 AWG) VDSL2 Profile 8d ADSL2+ / ADSL2 VDSL2 / ADSL2+ Cross-over Point

25. North American FTTP Deployments Deployed Technology 87% 4%

28. Fiber-to-the-Premise Projections

30. Flexible Residential Service Delivery BPON or 1.2 or 2.5 Gbps GPON RF Video or Not Personality Module TDM or VOIP 10/100 or Gigabit Ethernet

32. Minnesota Rate of Adoption of FTTH Over half of Minnesota’s Independent Telephone Companies are now deploying FTTH

34. Residential Technology Summary No 13 Mbps at 5 kft 30 Mbps at 3 kft VDSL2 (copper) Yes 78 Mbps 1 Gbps at subscriber interface GPON (fiber) No 5 Mbps at 12 kft 13 Mbps at 5 kft ADSL2+ (copper) Yes 1 Mbps 160 Mbps DOCSIS 3.0 (HFC) Support for RF Video Average Downstream Bandwidth Peak Downstream Bandwidth

35. Thank You