2. SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform
American society and politics in the Progressive Era.
a. Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal
oversight of the meatpacking industry.
b. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe
the role of women in reform movements.
c. Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v.
Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP.
d. Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker.
e. Describe the significance of progressive reforms such
as the initiative, recall, and referendum; direct election of
senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve
living conditions for the poor in cities
f. Describe the conservation movement and the
development of national parks and forests; include the
role of Theodore Roosevelt.
3. SSUSH14 The student will explain America’s
evolving relationship with the world at the turn of
the twentieth century.
a. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
and anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the
west coast.
b. Describe the Spanish-American War, the war
in the Philippines, and the debate over American
expansionism.
c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as
reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the
Panama Canal.
4. EXPLAIN AMERICA’S EVOLVING
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE WORLD
AT THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH
CENTURY.
a. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and
anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the west coast.
b. Describe the Spanish-American War, the war in
the Philippines, and the debate over American
expansionism.
c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as
reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal.
5. C. Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v.
Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP.
SSUSH13 The student will identify major
efforts to reform American society and
politics in the Progressive Era.
6. Treatment of Blacks
Jim Crow era 1877-1954
Segregation in N and S
Rise in lynchings
Whites determined to
keep blacks ―in their
place‖
7. Supreme Court
Ruled against blacks in many based
on 14th Amendment, said it applied to
states, not to individuals
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 – SC ruled
―separate but equal‖ facilities ok
8. Black reaction
Turned to own communities
Churches grew in importance
Set up own businesses to serve black
community
9. Ida B. Wells
Born into slavery
After losing a lawsuit involving
discrimination, became a
journalist
A crusader against lynching
Helped form NAACP
10. Booker T. Washington
Founded Tuskegee
Institute in AL 1881 –
Teach a skill and work out
of poverty
1895 at Atlanta Cotton
States and International
Exposition - ―Atlanta
Compromise‖ speech –
doctrine of
accommodation
12. W.E.B. Du Bois
Criticized Washington
Son of free blacks – educated at
Harvard
Taught at Atlanta Univ in 1897
Fought for political and legal
rights, and Liberal Arts Education–
Talented 10th
13. B. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and
describe the role of women in reform
movements.
SSUSH13 The student will identify major
efforts to reform American society and
politics in the Progressive Era.
14. Why move to cities in the late
1800s?
Louis Sullivan perfected skyscrapers
Electricity, indoor plumbing and
heat, telephones, Otis elevators, steam-driven
commuter trains then electric trolleys
Macy’s and Marshall Field’s provided jobs and
attracted middle-class shoppers
15. Reasons not to move into the
cities:
Trash
Criminals
Impure water
Unwashed bodies
Droppings in streets – unsanitary
Slums esp. tenements were
dark, crowded, little ventilation or sanitation
16. Things to keep in mind from last
unit
―Native‖ Americans blamed immigrants for
corruption in urban government.
Unions blamed them for low wages and
bringing in doctrines like socialism and
communism
American Protective Association
Laws restricting Immigrants
Belief in Social Darwinism
17. Churches (Social Gospel)
YMCAs and YWCAs began
YMCA came to US in 1850s and grew in 1870
Salvation Army also established to help the
poor
18. Settlement Houses
Jane Addams founded Hull House in 1889 to
teach children and adults skills needed to
succeed in US - Nobel Peace Prize in 1931
19. Women
NAWSA (National American Woman’s
Suffrage Association) in 1890 – led by
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.
Anthony
Carrie Chapman Catt – women need vote to
do traditional duties
19th Amendment ratified in August of 1920
21. Progressive Era
1900-1920
Depression in 1890s
Social unrest
Time of reform and change
Presidents: T. Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson
22. Goals
Stop abuses of urban bosses and corporate
robber barons
Greater democracy
Honest and effective government
More effective regulation of big business
Greater social justice for working people
Use govt for human welfare
23. A. Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and
federal oversight of the meatpacking
industry.
SSUSH13 The student will identify major
efforts to reform American society and
politics in the Progressive Era.
24. Food
Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle in 1906
Exposed problems in meat-packing plants in
Chicago
President Teddy Roosevelt got confirmation
Meat Inspection Act of 1906 – inspections and
sanitary standards
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 –
preparation of foods, patent medications, and
forbade selling, marketing, transporting funky
food, drugs, or liquor
25. D. Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker.
E. Describe the significance of progressive
reforms such as the initiative, recall, and
referendum; direct election of senators; reform
of labor laws; and efforts to improve living
conditions for the poor in cities
SSUSH13 The student will identify major
efforts to reform American society and
politics in the Progressive Era.
26. Muckrakers
Journalists who exposed corruption
Believed in democracy – expose the
problem, rouse the people, and it will be fixed
Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives – slums
Upton Sinclair —The Jungle—Meatpacking
Industry
John Spargo —Child labor
Lincoln Steffens & Thomas Nast- Corruption
of Political Officials
Ida Tarbell- Big Business (Standard Oil)
27. Corruption in City politics
City services needed to be provided:
transportation, sanitation and utilities
Political machines developed led by a
political boss who ran city – usually involved
in graft, buying votes, taking kickbacks, etc.
Earned support by distributing needed
supplies, finding jobs, organizing English
classes, sports teams, neighborhood
gatherings
28. Democracy
Direct primary – all party members vote, not
just bosses
Initiative- Voters can put issues on ballot
Referendum- direct vote on question
Recall- removal from office
Voter registration laws
17th Amendment – direct election of senators
29. Efficiency
Commission system- Galveston, TX 1901 –
authority in Board of elected administrative
heads of city dept
City-manager plan- prof. administrators ran
city govt according to policies set by elected
council and mayor
30. Supreme Court reaction to
Progressivism
Muller v. Oregon 1908 – 10 hour work day for
women – attorney Louis Brandeis argued
based on women’s health
Bunting v. Oregon 1917 – 10 hour work day for
men too
31. Prohibition
WCTU since 1874
Anti-Saloon League 1893 more successful –
endorsed amendment
18th Amendment – ratified in 1919, repealed
with the 21st Amendment in 1933
32. F. Describe the conservation movement and the
development of national parks and forests;
include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.
SSUSH13 The student will identify major
efforts to reform American society and
politics in the Progressive Era.
33. Conservation
Yellowstone National Park in 1872 – Indians
were moved out
Division of Forestry added to Department of
Interior (now U.S. Forest Service) 1881
Forest Reserve Act of 1891 – set aside 172 m
acres of federal timberland
34. 1898 Gifford Pinchot named head of Division
of Forestry
Roosevelt created 50 federal wildlife
refuges, 5 national parks, and set aside land
for national monuments
36. EXPLAIN AMERICA’S EVOLVING
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE WORLD
AT THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH
CENTURY.
a. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and
anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the west coast.
b. Describe the Spanish-American War, the war in
the Philippines, and the debate over American
expansionism.
c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as
reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal.
37. a. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
and anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the
west coast.
SSUSH14 The student will explain
America’s evolving relationship with the
world at the turn of the twentieth century.
38. President William McKinley
1882 Cong authorized 10-year suspension of
Chinese immigration – aka Chinese
Exclusion Act
Boxer Rebellion 1900
Chinese nationalists (Boxer Army) rebelled against
foreigners in China
Took foreign diplomats hostage
39. b. Describe the Spanish-American War, the war
in the Philippines, and the debate over
American expansionism.
SSUSH14 The student will explain
America’s evolving relationship with the
world at the turn of the twentieth century.
40. National mood
Isolationist after Civil War
Manifest destiny – God ordained for us to
spread
With industrialization, we needed more raw
materials & markets
41. Abandoning Isolationism
―Seward’s Folly‖:1867 Sec. of
State William Seward
purchased Alaska from
Russia- $7.2 million
Hawaii-1893 American
businesses, led by Sanford
Dole, revolted and took power
from royal family.
Annexed by the U.S. in 1898
42. Spanish-American War Causes
1895 Cuba revolted against Spain
Yellow journalism – Hearst and Pulitzer
The U.S.S. Maine Explosion—American ship
in Cuba
43. Declaration of War
War declared to protect American property and
trade -
Teller Amendment – said US would not
annex Cuba when war was over.
We also move into the Philippines and other
Spanish possessions to help them revolt.
44. Fronts
Philippines:
Emilio Aguinaldo – helped American forces
liberate them from Spanish
When Filipinos realize we want to rule
them, Aguinaldo leads them in battle against
America
45. Cuba:
US blockaded Spanish fleet at Santiago
Rough Riders – T. Roosevelt and Leonard
Wood attack San Juan Hill
Armistice – August 12, 1898
Spain gives up Cuba
American deaths – 5,462 but
only 379 from battle
46. Results
1. Treaty of Paris 1898– we get Guam and
Puerto Rico, pay Spain $20 m for Philippines
2. Platt Amendment-- U.S. granted Cuba
independence in 1901, w/ conditions:
Cuba can’t make treaties with other countries
against U.S.
U.S. permanent military base at Guantanamo Bay
3. America assumes new role as a world
power
47. 4. Leonard Wood & Walter Reed – studied yellow
fever– discover mosquito connection.
5. Made Latin America nervous about our
intentions
49. c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as
reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the
Panama Canal.
SSUSH14 The student will explain
America’s evolving relationship with the
world at the turn of the twentieth century.
50. Roosevelt Corollary
1904 Dominican
Republic won’t pay debts
(to European Nations)
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
said no European
intervention
Corollary said US could
police this hemisphere
51. Big Stick Diplomacy
―Speak softly and carry a big stick‖
Depended on strong military to achieve its
goals.
Moral responsibility to “civilize” or
uplift, weaker nations.
52. Panama Canal
Needed consent of Columbia
used―big stick‖ and helped Panama revolt from
Columbia
Cut 8,000 nautical miles off travel from west
coast to east coast
Completed in 1914
53. U.S. and Japan
Gentlemen’s Agreement – San Francisco
would retract ban on Japanese children
enrolling in schools if Japan would limit
immigrants to U.S.
Great White Fleet – 16 battleships sent on
―tour‖
Message to Japanese – look at our military
Led to Root – Takahira Agreement – US and
Japan respect China’s Open Door Policy