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Estudio univ internacional_v4
Estudio univ internacional_v4
Estudio comparativo
de los contenidos relativos
a la Industria Gráfica
ofertados por Universidades
Internacionales




AUTORES DEL ESTUDIO
Javier Rodríguez-Borlado
Director I + D ITGT

Aurelio Mendiguchía
Director Técnico ITGT

Ignacio Villalba
Profesor Asociado ITGT

Paul O. A. Olayide
Asistente investigación




Maquetación
Juan María Ortiz de Urbina
Profesor Asociado ITGT



           2010 Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar (ITGT)




                                                                              ITGT
                                                                   C/. Pío Felipe,12 · 28038 Madrid
                                                             Teléfono: 91 477 25 00 · Fax: 91 478 27 59
                                                                              www.itgt.es
Indice de contenidos




4   ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
Indice de contenidos




Indice de contenidos

Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................   7
Introducción y utilidad del estudio ...................................................................................................................                 9
Objetivos ...........................................................................................................................................................   9
Estudio de la literatura existente ...................................................................................................................... 10
Metodología
    •	     Elaboración de un primer borrador de Contenidos Relevantes ............................................................. 11
    •	     Obtención de los currículos detallados de las Universidades ............................................................... 11
    •	     Adecuación de los Contenidos Relevantes en función de datos obtenidos .......................................... 12
    •	     Distribución de contenidos de cada universidad en los Contenidos Relevantes .................................. 13
    •	     Confección de la tabla comparativa y obtención de resultados............................................................ 13
    •	     Contraste externo.................................................................................................................................. 14
Resultados Obtenidos
    •	     Descripción detallada de contenidos ofertados .................................................................................... 15
    •	     Glosario de palabras clave o “Key Words” referenciado a cursos ........................................................ 47
    •	     Distribución de tiempo dedicado a cada Contenido Relevante ............................................................. 56
Análisis de los resultados ................................................................................................................................. 88
Conclusiones .................................................................................................................................................... 90
Referencias....................................................................................................................................................... 93
Anexo I
Listado de Universidades utilizadas en el estudio. ........................................................................................... 97
Anexo II
Contenidos Relevantes en español e inglés ..................................................................................................... 102




                                                Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales                             5
Estudio univ internacional_v4
Abstract



Abstract

   La industria gráfica ha sufrido cambios muy importantes en los últimos años principalmente debido a la
   aparición de nuevas tecnologías y a la evolución de los hábitos de consumo.
   Las instituciones académicas deben conocer e incorporar esos cambios en sus programas de manera
   que formen profesionales preparados para cubrir las demandas y las expectativas que les va a pedir los
   usuarios.
   Una manera de ver como adaptarse a este cambio es estudiar como lo han hecho instituciones académicas
   en países donde por un lado existe una mayor conexión entre el mundo académico y el profesional y por
   otro los avances tecnológicos han sido incorporados antes por los usuarios finales.
   Los principales objetivos de este estudio eran:
   •	   Estudiar las titulaciones que se están ofreciendo en Norteamérica y Norte de Europa en el sector
        Gráfico.
   •	   Analizar cuales son los conceptos a los que se les da un mayor peso dentro de estas carreras
        estableciendo una cierta cuantificación.
   •	   Realizar un listado de conceptos, palabras clave o “key words” referenciado universidades y cursos
        específicos donde se tratan esos conceptos.
   Las principales conclusiones obtenida del análisis de los programas fueron:
   •	   Es complicado obtener información detallada de los programas ofertados por las universidades
        europeas.
   •	   Existe una ruptura entre la parte de diseño y la parte de producción, con un mayor peso de la primera.
   •	   Se da poco peso a la enseñanza de software específico primándose más la parte de concepto, o la
        de integración de procesos.
   •	   El Diseño Web y multimedia ya está presente en todos los programas con un peso significativo.
   •	   La dedicación de tiempo asignada a formarse en la tecnología de impresión flexográfica supera a la
        tecnología Offset.
   •	   Dentro de los procesos de impresión, se da mayor importancia a como interactúan las materias
        primas (tinta y papel) que al propio sistema específico de impresión.
   •	   Los acabados tienen un peso específico importante.
   •	   Se consideran necesarios conocimientos de componente industrial del proceso (gestión de costes,
        gestión de producción, aspectos empresariales, etc.) junto con gestión de bases de datos.
   Además de las conclusiones obtenidas, el estudio ha generado también un glosario de palabras clave o
   “key words” que puede resultar de gran utilidad.




                                 Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales   7
8   ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
Introducción y utilidad
                                                                                                                                       del estudio


Introducción y utilidad del estudio

   La industria gráfica ha estado inmersa en un entorno muy dinámico e inestable desde hace más de una
   década. Esto se debe, entre otras razones, al desarrollo tecnológico y a los cambios en los hábitos de
   consumo.
   Este entorno no es el mejor ni para la industria gráfica ni para los centros de formación. Las instituciones
   académicas tienen muchas dudas con respecto a las habilidades que deben impartir a los estudiantes.
   Cada institución está tratando de organizar el mejor plan de estudios por su cuenta.
   La realización de un estudio comparativo de los contenidos más relevantes enseñados en otras
   instituciones puede ser muy útil, bien para reafirmarse en el actual plan de estudios, bien para incorporar
   nuevos contenidos.



Objetivos del estudio

   Los principales objetivos que se plantean en este estudio son:
   •	   Estudiar las titulaciones que se están ofreciendo en Norteamérica y Norte de Europa en el Sector
        Gráfico, comprobando si existe una cierta uniformidad en los conceptos enseñados en distintas
        universidades.
   •	   Analizar los conceptos a los que se les da un mayor peso en estas carreras y establecer una cierta
        cuantificación.
   •	   Realizar un listado de conceptos, palabras clave o “key words” referenciado universidades y cursos
        específicos donde se tratan esos conceptos.

   Limitaciones del estudio.
   A la hora de realizar este estudio se han dado una serie de limitaciones. Algunas se detectaron antes del
   inicio del proyecto y otras se descubrieron al obtener la información. Las limitaciones más importantes
   han sido:
   •	   El Proyecto se reduce al estudio de los currículos que se están ofreciendo actualmente en las distintas
        instituciones académicas. Por lo tanto, los resultados no tienen en cuenta cómo han evolucionado
        estos currículos en el tiempo.
   •	   Con el fin de estudiar currículos comparables en todas las universidades, se han omitido programas
        Máster, y se han analizado sólo los estudios denominados “Bachelor”, que serían los equivalentes a
        los grados en la estructura académica universitaria actual.
   •	   Sólo se ha tenido en cuenta para el estudio aquellos cursos que eran obligatorios para la obtención
        de la titulación pertinente y que estaban relacionados de alguna manera con el sector gráfico. Por lo
        tanto, no se han considerado ni las materias opcionales, ni las materias troncales ajenas a la industria
        gráfica, como pudieran ser literatura o matemáticas.
   •	   El equipo investigador sólo ha podido tener acceso a la información detallada de currículos
        norteamericanos, Estados Unidos y Canadá, pero no a los europeos como era la intención inicial.
   •	   Baja respuesta por parte de las universidades a las estimaciones realizadas por el equipo investigador.
        Quizá motivado por el corto plazo desde que se mandaron las propuestas hasta que se escribieron
        las conclusiones.




                                  Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales   9
Revisión literatura



                                    Revisión de la literatura existente

                                          Unos de los principales retos que tiene que afrontar la educación en la industria gráfica son los profundos
                                          cambios tecnológicos y de hábitos de consumo que llevarán a importantes cambios en las estrategias de
                                          las empresas y en las necesidades de los puestos de trabajo (European Commision, 2009). Estos cambios
                                          no se están reflejando en las publicaciones académicas (Steele. C, 2004)
                                          Las empresas del sector gráfico están abriéndose a realizar otros trabajos que antes no hacían, tanto en
                                          el campo creativo como en el de comercio electrónico (PGSF, 2010).
                                          Como consecuencia de todo esto, la industria está demandando a los nuevos trabadores que contrata
                                          unas habilidades distintas a las que demandaban recientemente (Frey & Chrstensen, 2008).
                                          Gran parte de la formación se realiza dentro de la misma empresa por parte de los propios compañeros
                                          o por los fabricantes de los equipos (Callan, 2007), pero esa formación no les capacita para un
                                          aprovechamiento óptimo de las nuevas tecnologías (Frey & Chrstensen, 2008).
                                          A todos estos factores hay que añadir una imagen muy mala del sector percibida por los usuarios (Callan,
                                          2007), lo que genera una crisis de recursos humanos en el sector (Walker & Sorce), con dificultades para
                                          encontrar personas con la capacitación adecuada.
                                          Es por ello de vital importancia que las instituciones académicas se paren a estudiar cuales son los
                                          conocimientos y habilidades que el sector requiere y que actualicen los contenidos para preparar a
                                          operarios que puedan satisfacer esas necesidades. También es importante eliminar barreras para que
                                          muchas personas puedan seguir formándose en su vida laboral. Una vía importante es la potenciación de
                                          la formación on-line (European Commision, 2009) que disminuya las dificultades de movilidad y horarios.




                                    Metodología

                                          Para evaluar el peso o la importancia que se asigna a cada concepto se utilizó el porcentaje de tiempo
                                          dedicado. Se parte de la premisa de que cuanto más importancia se le asigne a un determinado contenido
                                          mayor tiempo se le dedicará.
                                          Con el fin de poder comparar de forma cuantitativa los contenidos enseñados en las distintas instituciones
                                          académicas se definieron una serie de Contenidos Relevantes. Posteriormente se estudió cada asignatura
                                          de los programas elegidos distribuyendo el tiempo dedicado entre los Contenidos Relevantes. Mediante
                                          este proceso se obtenía la distribución de tiempo que cada universidad dedicaba a cada uno de los
                                          Contenidos Relevantes
                                          Las etapas seguidas para la obtención de estos objetivos han sido:
                                          1.   Elaboración de un primer borrador de Contenidos Relevantes
                                          2.   Obtención de los currículos detallados de las Universidades.
                                          3.   Adecuación de los Contenidos Relevantes en función de datos obtenidos.
                                          4.   Distribución de contenidos de cada universidad en los Contenidos Relevantes.
                                          5.   Confección de la tabla comparativa y obtención de resultados.
                                          6.   Contraste externo.




10   ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
Metodología




FASE 1. Elaboración de un primer borrador de Contenidos Relevantes.
Expertos de ITGT realizaron un primer borrador de Contenidos Relevantes a partir del estudio de los
currículos de dos universidades que impartían conocimientos de todo el proceso gráfico.
El objetivo de estos Contenidos Relevantes es que sirvan como unidades de conocimiento básicas que
puedan usarse para comparar los distintos curriculos manejando un lenguaje común. Los Contenidos
Relevantes deben ser lo suficientemente específicos como para que la mayoría de asignaturas impartidas
en el resto de universidades se puedan descomponer en dichos Contenidos Relevantes.
Los Contenidos Relevantes se agruparon en cuatro grandes familias:
•	   Contenidos referidos a la preimpresión. Desde la parte creativa hasta la generación de la forma
     impresora.
•	   Contenidos referidos a los procesos de impresión y acabados.
•	   Contenidos referidos al proceso de producción, más allá del proceso propio de impresión.
•	   Otros aspectos referidos a la industria gráfica no asignables específicamente a ninguno de los tres
     apartados anteriores.



FASE 2. Obtención de los currículos detallados de las Universidades.
La búsqueda de universidades y de los contenidos ofrecidos se realizó en base a los siguientes criterios:
•	   Universidades que hubieran participado con cierta asiduidad en conferencias de prestigio
     internacional como TAGA.
•	   Universidades de reconocido prestigio aunque no hubieran participado en estas conferencias.
•	   Universidades del norte de Europa de las que se tuviera constancia que tenían programas en el
     sector gráfico.
•	   Universidades americanas que ofrecían cursos relacionados con la industria gráfica y publicados en
     el Print and Graphics Scholarship Foundation, seleccionando entre las que ofrecieran mayor variedad
     de procesos en sus programas.
La información detallada de los programas y los cursos se obtuvieron, bien desde las páginas web
de dichas instituciones, bien de la información suministrada por los órganos de dirección de estas
organizaciones.
A la hora de obtener los contenidos impartidos por las universidades buscadas, el equipo investigador se
encontró con una serie de limitaciones, como por ejemplo:
•	   Algunas de las instituciones académicas con mayor participación en congresos internacionales de
     la industria gráfica no ofertaban cursos específicos relacionados con la industria gráfica, sino que su
     conexión era a través de otros sectores como el papelero. Por ejemplo, la universidad de Grenoble,
     en Francia, con una importante participación en el sector gráfico oferta principalmente cursos
     para la industria papelera. Otras instituciones de gran relevancia internacional no ofertan cursos
     universitarios. Este es el caso por ejemplo de FOGRA y UGRA en Europa, o de PIA, GATF en USA.
•	 Las instituciones europeas no tienen publicados contenidos detallados de sus currículos en sus
   páginas web —o al menos el equipo investigador no fue capaz de encontrarlo en inglés—, ni
   respondieron a las solicitudes de información enviadas. No se pudo obtener información de ninguna
   de ellas. Por el contrario, las universidades norteamericanas (Estados Unidos y Canadá), sí tenían




                              Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales   11
Metodología


                                               descripciones detalladas de sus cursos y respondieron en varios casos a la solicitud de información
                                               más pormenorizada. El listado de universidades europeas de las que se intentó sin éxito obtener una
                                               descripción detallada de sus programas es el siguiente:
                                          •	 London College of Communication (UK)
                                          •	 University of Dalarna (Suecia)
                                          •	 Linkoping University (Suecia)
                                          •	 The Graphic Arts Institute of Denmark (Dinamarca)
                                          •	 Helsinki University of Technology (Finlandia)
                                          •	 Federal Institute of Technology (Suiza)
                                          •	 Grenoble Institute of Technology (Francia)


                                          El listado final de universidades en las que se ha podido obtener información, y por lo tanto, sobre las que
                                          se ha basado el estudio es el siguiente:
                                          •	   Appalachian State University
                                          •	   California Polytechnic
                                          •	   Eastern Illinois University
                                          •	   Mineapolis College of Art & Design
                                          •	   North Carolina Agricultutal & Technical University
                                          •	   Northeastern State University
                                          •	   Pennsylvania State University
                                          •	   Plymouth State University
                                          •	   Rochester Institute of Technology
                                          •	   Ryerson University
                                          •	   The Art Institute of Pittsburg
                                          •	   The College of New Jersey
                                          •	   University of North Dakota


                                          En el anexo I se ha incluido una tabla con los datos de los programas que oferta cada universidad: Nombre
                                          exacto, titulación que oferta.



                                          FASE 3. Adecuación de los Contenidos.
                                          En función de los contenidos observados en las universidades seleccionadas se realizó una actualización
                                          de los Contenidos Relevantes. Consistió, básicamente, en desglosar los contenidos referentes al diseño,
                                          ya que una gran parte de los temarios caía dentro de esa clasificación y podría ser interesante un mayor
                                          detalle.




12   ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
Metodología


FASE 4. Distribución de contenidos de cada universidad.
Tras obtener la información de todas las universidades, el equipo investigador fue desglosando el
contenido de cada curso en función de la descripción obtenida y distribuyendo cada curso, de forma
proporcional, en los Contenidos Relevantes que se abordaban en él.
Tras este proceso se obtuvo una tabla por cada universidad, en la que cada curso estaba distribuido
proporcionalmente en los distintos contenidos relevantes. A continuación, el documento se remitió a cada
centro por si querían hacer alguna corrección a la distribución estimada por el equipo investigador.
Una vez realizadas las correcciones propuestas por cada universidad, asignando esa proporción al número
de créditos de cada curso, se obtenía la distribución apropiada entre los distintos Contenidos Relevantes.
Como los créditos no representan una misma dedicación de horas en todas las universidades, fue
necesario, para poder compararlas, diseñar una segunda tabla donde los créditos dedicados a cada
Contenido Relevante se expresaron en porcentaje respecto a los créditos totales dedicados a contenidos
estudiados. Este segundo cuadro muestra como divide su tiempo cada universidad entre los Contenidos
Relevantes. La distribución porcentual del tiempo dedicado a cada materia es la que se ha utilizado como
elemento comparativo entre universidades y como herramienta de estudio para deducir la importancia
asignada a cada Contenido Relevante. Se asume la hipótesis de que existe una relación directa entre la
importancia atribuida a un determinado concepto y el porcentaje de tiempo dedicado a ese concepto.
Se estudiaron exclusivamente los relacionados con la industria gráfica y que tenían carácter obligatorio
para la obtención de la titulación ofertada por la universidad. Los motivos por los que se realizó esta
reducción son los siguientes:
•	   El objeto del proyecto era analizar el peso que le daban instituciones académicas a los distintos
     conceptos involucrados en el proceso gráfico, no qué otros conceptos distintos de los puramente
     gráficos debe tener un profesional de la industria gráfica. Por ese motivo se eliminaron los cursos
     no relacionados con la industria gráfica.
•	   Considerar las materias optativas hubiera ampliado excesivamente el ámbito de estudio, y habría
     impedido utilizar el factor tiempo asignado a cada curso como criterio de importancia que las
     universidades atribuyen a cada materia. De esta forma estaríamos contabilizando unos contenidos
     que podrían no cursarse. Al mismo tiempo, se ha de suponer que los contenidos que una universidad
     considera de gran importancia, se localizan entre los contenidos obligatorios para la obtención del
     título.



FASE 5. Confección de la tabla comparativa y obtención de resultados.
Una vez completada la fase anterior, el paso siguiente supuso el análisis de los resultados conjuntos para
cuantificar distribuciones y desviaciones que se producen. La herramienta utilizada es una nueva tabla
donde se reunirán las sumas totales de los porcentajes de tiempo que cada institución dedica a cada
Contenidos Relevantes.
Al estudiar la distribución de tiempos de cada universidad se observa que hay dos grupos claramente
diferenciados: Los que ofrecen una acreditación de diseño gráfico y aquellos que ofertan una acreditación
en lo que se denomina de forma más habitual “Graphic communication” o comunicación gráfica, que
abarca todo el proceso gráfico.
El estudio comparativo se hace por separado para cada uno de estos grupos. De otra manera, los
resultados estarían viciados al comparar dos elementos distintos.
La universidad de Pennsilvania ofrece dos cursos, uno en Graphic Design y otro en Graphic Communication.
Se estudiaron por separado, distribuyéndolos cada uno en un grupo.




                              Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales   13
Metodología


                                          Los dos grupos de estudio son los siguientes:

                                          Grupo 1. Diseño gráfico
                                          •	   Eastern Illinois University
                                          •	   Mineapolis College of Art & Design
                                          •	   Northeastern State University
                                          •	   Pennsylvania State University
                                          •	   Plymouth State University
                                          •	   The Art Institute of Pittsburg
                                          •	   The College of New Jersey
                                          •	   University of North Dakota



                                          Grupo 2. Comunicación Gráfica
                                          •	   Appalachian State University
                                          •	   California Polytechnic
                                          •	   North Carolina Agricultutal & Technical University
                                          •	   Pennsylvania State University
                                          •	   Rochester Institute of Technology
                                          •	   Ryerson University


                                          Del estudio de estas tablas se extraen las conclusiones del estudio.



                                          FASE 6. Contraste externo.
                                          El análisis de los resultados y las conclusiones derivadas del estudio se presentaron a una serie de
                                          expertos de nivel nacional para contrastar la información obtenida y realizar las modificaciones que se
                                          consideren pertinentes. El listado de expertos a los que se envió la documentación citada es el siguiente:
                                          •	   Ricard Casals de RCC Casals Consultants, S.A., consultor especializado en las artes gráficas y
                                               presidente de la Asociación de Consultores Europeos de Artes Gráficas GAIN (Graphic Arts Intelligence
                                               Network)
                                          •	   Martín Vía. Fundador y Presidente de Protecmedia
                                          •	   Eduardo Acedo. Director Técnico de HENCHE s.a.
                                          •	   Manuel Gómez Güemes. Consultor - Gerente de Procograf
                                          •	   Vicente de Gracia director de desarrollos sectoriales de Aido
                                          Las observaciones recibidas por parte de los expertos se han incorporado en los apartados de
                                          Conclusiones y Propuestas de nuevos proyectos. Con todo ello se elabora el presente informe que reúne
                                          toda la información y las conclusiones finales.




14   ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
Resultados obtenidos



Resultados Obtenidos

  Finalmente se obtuvieron las descripciones detalladas de los cursos ofrecidos por trece universidades,
  doce estadounidenses y una Canadiense. En el caso de la universidad de Pensilvania se analizaron dos
  programas.
  Fruto de la recopilación y posterior estudio de la información obtenida se obtuvieron tres resultados
  distintos;
  •	   Descripción detallada de contenidos ofertados
  •	   Glosario de palabras clave o “Key Words” referenciado a cursos
  •	   Distribución de tiempo dedicado a cada Contenido Relevante



  1. Descripción detallada de contenidos ofertados
  Como se ha indicado anteriormente, sólo se estudiaron las materias que eran obligatorias para la
  obtención del título y que estaban relacionadas, de alguna manera, con la industria gráfica.
  La información obtenida de cada materia fue:
  •	   Nombre de la asignatura
  •	   Código
  •	   Número de Créditos
  •	   Descripción del contenido facilitado por la institución
  •	   Asignaturas anteriores necesarias para cursar cada una de ellas (en el caso de que las hubiera). Este
       último campo no se ha mostrado con el fin de hacer las tablas más legibles.
  Aparte de esta información obtenida directamente de las instituciones académicas, se ha añadido otra
  columna denominada “Key words” con palabras clave que definen el contenido de esos cursos. Esta
  columna ha sido construida por el equipo investigador y se ha utilizado para la posterior distribución de
  cada asignatura en los Contenidos Relevantes así como para el glosario de Key words.


  Adjuntamos los cuadros con la información de los 14 programas estudiados.




                                 Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales   15
Appalachian State University
     Graphic Arts And Imaging Technology


 Course                                 Code          Credits   Description                                                                 Keywords
 Orientation to Graphic Arts            GRA1003       1         A survey of the graphic arts industry including its developments past       Printing pro-
                                                                and present, printing processes, products, graphic’s impact on society      cess
                                                                and various career opportunities.
 Graphic Communications I               GRA 1012.     3         This course is an introduction to graphic communications. Students          Digital imag-
                                                                will be introduced to the world of imaging, printing, and publishing. The   ing, Printing
                                                                course will discuss materials, equipment, health and safety, tech-          process,
                                                                niques, and concepts of text/image input, conversion, and output that       Substrates
                                                                are practiced in the graphic arts industry. Lecture two hours, laboratory
                                                                two hours.
 Introduction to Flexography            GRA 1222.     3         This course is designed to introduce students to the principles and         Packaging,
                                                                practices of the packaging industry. The student will be introduced to      Flexo, Gravure
                                                                the flexographic and gravure printing processes. Emphasis is placed
                                                                on elements from artwork, plates, cylinder imaging, inks and presses.
                                                                Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours.
 Electronic Prepress                    GRA 2102.     3         This course is designed to introduce the student to digital imaging      Digital imaging
                                                                as it relates directly to the printing industry. Specific topics include Proofing, Print-
                                                                hardware, software, input and output devices, image generation, pro-     ing process
                                                                cessing, proofing, storage and transfer technologies. Emphasis will be
                                                                placed on understanding the total production process from computer to
                                                                press. Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours.
 Graphic Communications II              GRA 3012.     3         This course is a continuation of GRA 1012, Graphic Communications           Substrates,
                                                                I. Emphasis will be placed on theory and problem solving as well as         Printing
                                                                broadening skills in the areas of digital imaging, printing technolo-       process,
                                                                gies, and production management. The course will discuss materials,         Production,
                                                                equipment, techniques and concepts of text/image input, conversion,         Quality control,
                                                                output, finishing, and quality control that are practiced in the graphic    Finishing
                                                                arts industry. Lecture two hours, laboratory four hours.
 Electronic Imaging                     GRA 3102      3         An introduction to the concepts, processes, and hardware which are          Digital imaging,
                                                                fundamental in creating, editing, and displaying digital electronic im-     Retouching,
                                                                ages. To include: image editing, blending modes, compositing, color         Color man-
                                                                models and modes, color separation, color profile management, mask-         agemente, File
                                                                ing, tonal analysis, layer management, file preparation and conversion.     formats
                                                                Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours. (COMPUTER)
 Substrates, Inks and Color Man-        GRA 3112      3         This course is designed to introduce students to substrates and inks     Substrates,
 agement                                                        used in printing and packaging production. Topics will include introduc- Color manage-
                                                                tion to features and characteristics, manufacturing processes, printing ment
                                                                and packaging production performance, with quality control and color
                                                                management solutions for substrates and inks used for producing
                                                                printing and packaging products. Lecture two hours, laboratory two
                                                                hours.
 3D Imaging and Animation               GRA 3312.     3         This course provides an introduction to 3D digital imaging for specific     3D, Digital
                                                                applications. Industry standard computer software will be used to           imaging
                                                                explore fundamentals of modeling and texturing. Lecture two hours,
                                                                laboratory two hours.
 Web Development for Graphic            GRA 3512      3         This course provides students with the opportunity to develop basic         Web
 Communications                                                 web sites, manipulate images for web delivery. Additionally, students
                                                                will create intermediate and advanced web sites that utilize complex
                                                                interactivity. Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours.
 GRA 3622                               GRA 3622      1         This course involves the development of the mechanics of being a pro-       Work experi-
                                                                fessional in the graphic arts industry. Specific topics include resumes,    ence
                                                                cover letters, interviewing, presentation techniques and report writing.
 Print Production Analysis and          GRA 3772      3         The study of systems and techniques used for identification of printing     Printing pro-
 Control                                                        production standards, cost estimating, production scheduling, produc-       cess, Produc-
                                                                tion planning, material flow, teamwork, problem-solving techniques,         tion, Cost
                                                                and management’s role in creating quality environments. Lecture three       estimation,
                                                                hours.                                                                      Planning




16     ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
Appalachian State University
  Graphic Arts And Imaging Technology


Course                             Code         Credits     Description                                                                  Keywords
Technical Assistant               GRA 4112      1           A supervised, meaningful, planned and evaluated laboratory assistant         Work experi-
                                                            experience. Students enrolled in this course will act as instructional       ence
                                                            aides within various graphic arts and imaging technology courses.
                                                            Prerequisite: junior or senior standing.
Advanced Electronic Imaging/      GRA 4512.     3           This course addresses advanced concepts and practices pertaining             Digital imaging,
Cross Media                                                 to digital electronic imaging. To include: advanced techniques such          Retouching,
                                                            as color management, image adjustment, scanning, color correc-               Solor manage-
                                                            tion, masking, edge selection, and special effects. Lecture two hours,       ment
                                                            laboratory two hours.
Advanced 3D Imaging and Anima-    GRA 4522      3           This course focuses on using advanced texturing techniques, complex          3D
tion                                                        shading networks, inverse kinematics and forward kinematics to de-
                                                            velop realistic 3D images and animation. Lecture two hours, laboratory
                                                            two hours.
Digital Printing and Publishing   GRA 4558      3           This course allows students the opportunity to explore digital printing      Digital printing,
                                                            applications such as short-run color and variable data printing. Stu-        Preflight, Work-
                                                            dents will study digital workflows, file preparation, data management,       flow, Variable
                                                            preflighting, digital front-end systems, press operation and routine         data
                                                            maintenance. Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours.
Advanced Flexographic Printing    GRA 4566      3           This course addresses advanced concepts and practices pertaining           Flexo, Quality
Methods                                                     to the flexographic printing process. To include: advanced techniques      control,
                                                            such as multi-color spot and process color printing, quality control, cor-
                                                            rugated board, image distortion, die calculations, and coatings. Lecture
                                                            two hours, laboratory two hours.
Advanced Offset Printing Methods GRA 4591       3           This course is designed to build on the basics covered in Graphic            Digital imaging,
                                                            Communications I, Graphic Communications II, Electronic Prepress,            Color manage-
                                                            and Electronic Imaging. Students will gain experience in advanced            ment
                                                            techniques in electronic prepress, halftones, duotones, process color,
                                                            process stripping and process press work. Lecture two hours, labora-
                                                            tory two hours.
Current Trends in Graphic Com-    GRA 4622.     1           This course is designed to emphasize current trends, technical move-      Trends
munications Seminar                                         ments and problems as they relate to the future of the printing industry.
                                                            Classes will focus on group discussions related to these and other cur-
                                                            rent issues. Students will be required to refer to academic experiences,
                                                            internship experiences and library skills to participate in discussions.




                                  Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales     17
California Polytechnic
     Graphic Communications

 Course                                  Code          Credits   Description                                                           Keywords
 Introduction to Graphic Commu-          GRC 101       3         Graphic communication history, theory, processes, applications,       Graphic design, Print-
 nication                                                        and practices. New technologies that affect day-to-day commu-         ing process, Publish-
                                                                 nication including traditional and digital printing and publishing,   ing, Web, Packagin
                                                                 and non-print imaging including Internet applications. Overview
                                                                 of design technology, web and digital media, printing and imag-
                                                                 ing management, graphics for packaging, industry segments


 Digital Publishing Systems              GRC 201       3         Introduction to digital publishing systems including hardware,        Digital publishing
                                                                 software, and file formats. Overview of output technologies,
                                                                 networking, and digital publishing standards.
 Digital Photography                     GRC 202       3         Digital photography for print and web, including lighting, expo-      Digital imaging
                                                                 sure, composition, photo-retouching, equipment, color manage-
                                                                 ment, and output.
 Digital File Preparation and            GRC 203       3         Terminology and techniques used in digital workflow systems for       Workflow
 Workflow                                                        print and web. Workflow options, including automation, proofing,
                                                                 and output systems. Digital file delivery and transfer..

 Substrates, Inks and Toners             GRC 211       4         Technical aspects of paper, other substrates, inks, toners, and       Substrates
                                                                 other printable materials used in the printing and packaging
                                                                 industries. Manufacture, application and interaction of these
                                                                 materials in relation to particular processes and end use re-
                                                                 quirements. Hands-on testing of materials in relation to quality,
                                                                 properties, and performance.

 Digital Typography                      GRC 218       4         Application of typography using current software tools for print Typeface
                                                                 and Web. In-depth study of communication principles and visual
                                                                 organization. Font technology and management for the creative,
                                                                 print and web publishing industries. GRC majors and minors only.


 Flexographic Printing Technology        GRC 316       3         Analysis of flexographic printing technology for flexible packag-     Flexo
                                                                 ing, label printing, folding and corrugated cartons. Applications
                                                                 of computers to the management and technical function of
                                                                 flexographic printing technology.
 Managing Quality in Graphic Com- GRC 320              4         Theory and practices of quality systems in the graphic commu-         Quality control
 munication                                                      nication industry. Emphasis on Deming Systems Thinking, Lean
                                                                 Manufacturing, Six Sigma, ISO, and Malcolm Baldrige. Quantify-
                                                                 ing customer expectations, specifications, standard operating
                                                                 procedures, SPC tools, and employee empowerment in the
                                                                 graphic arts.

 Binding, Finishing, and Distribu-       GRC 324       3         Imposition techniques, cutting, and folding. Stitch, case and         Finishing, Imposition
 tion Processes                                                  perfect binding techniques and applications. Operational and
                                                                 aesthetic uses of die cutting, scoring, creasing, foil stamping and
                                                                 embossing techniques. Fulfillment and mailing operations. Appli-
                                                                 cations of computers to the management and technical function
                                                                 of binding; finishing and distribution.

 Sheetfed Printing Technology            GRC 328       4         Theory, practice and application of sheetfed printing and plate   Sheetfed Offset
                                                                 technology for commercial, book, advertising, catalog, packag-
                                                                 ing and reprographic segments of the printing industry. Press
                                                                 configurations, materials, computerized press controls, workflow,
                                                                 pressroom management, coating and quality control. Plate types,
                                                                 quality and new technologies for sheetfed printing.




18      ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
California Polytechnic
Graphic Communications

Course                              Code          Credits     Description                                                           Keywords
Web Offset and Gravure Printing     GRC 329       3           Introduction to web offset and gravure printing for newspa-           Web offseT
Technologies                                                  pers, packaging, magazines, books, catalogs and commercial
                                                              products. Application of technology to the management and
                                                              production of web offset and gravure printing. Preparation and
                                                              use of gravure cylinders.
Digital Content Management and      GRC 338       4           Digital content management strategies for print and web includ- Variable data, Work-
Variable Data Publishing                                      ing file management, database principles, archiving, document    flow
                                                              formats, variable data publishing, workflow analysis, groupware,
                                                              and repurposing. Technical and creative problem-solving for con-
                                                              tent production and management in print and web publishing. .


Marketing and Sales Management GRC 361            4           Identification and development of target markets for products         Marketing, Sales,
for Print and Digital Media                                   and services in the graphic communication industry. Deployment        Planning
                                                              of strategies in pricing, promotion and distribution management.
                                                              Application of customer relationship management techniques for
                                                              personal selling, forecasting and planning.


Digital Printing and Emerging       GRC 402       3           Application of digital printing including the study of digital    Digital printing, Vari-
Technologies in Graphic Com-                                  presses, front-end systems, and related technologies. Integration able data, Trends
munication                                                    and automation of database and publishing software. Emerg-
                                                              ing graphic communication technologies that are affecting the
                                                              methods and procedures of producing and distributing print and
                                                              electronic media. Managing technological change in graphic
                                                              communication establishments.


Estimating for Print and Digital    GRC 403       4           Estimating the cost of various kinds of print and digital products    Cost estimation
Media                                                         and services. Development of budgeted hour costs and produc-
                                                              tion standards. Cost estimating methods for Print on Demand,
                                                              VDP, sheetfed lithography, web site development, and wide-
                                                              format output. Analysis of material, labor and other cost factors.




                                   Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales     19
Eastern Illinois University
      Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in art with option in graphic design


     Course                              Code          Credits    Description                                                            Keywords
 Drawing II                              ART 1001      1          (0-6-3) F, S. Instruction in drawing from observation, intermedi-      Drawing, Color
                                                                  ate drawing concepts, and techniques in color and black and
                                                                  white media.
 Two-Dimensional Foundations             ART 1110      3          Foundation course for all areas of art. Developing awareness of        2D
                                                                  concepts of two-dimensional form through creative studio work
 Three-Dimensional Foundations.          ART 1111      1          (0-6-3) F, S. A Foundation studio course exploring the basic           3D design.
                                                                  elements of visual organization through three-dimensional
                                                                  design principles and theories using a variety of materials and
                                                                  processes.
 Painting I.                             ART 2050      3          (0-6-3) F, S. Introduction to oil painting as a medium of expres-      Painting, Color
                                                                  sion, investigation of media usage, color development, variety of
                                                                  picture-making ideas and instruction in basic painting crafts-
                                                                  manship.
 Health and Safety in the Visual         ART 2500      3          1-0-1) F, S. An introduction to health and safety issues for the       Health, Safety
 Arts.                                                            visual artist, art educator, and individuals utilizing art supplies,
                                                                  technologies, and/or processes. This course is required in the
                                                                  first semester of study as an art major or prior to taking any
                                                                  2000-level or higher art studio media course.
 Printmaking I.                          ART 2560      3          (0-6-3) F, S. Survey and exploration of methods of printmaking.        Print production
 Research Methods and Profes-            ART 2749      3          1-0-1) F, S. The Research Methods and Professional Practices           Research
 sional Practices.                                                course provides art students with an introduction to the basic
                                                                  skills necessary to document and digitally format artwork; as
                                                                  well as research, evaluate, and write about art in preparation
                                                                  for a career in Studio Art, Art Education and Art History. Course
                                                                  restricted to Art Majors.
 History of Art I.                       ART 2601G 3              (3-0-3) F, S. Introduction to the history of visual art through the    History.
                                                                  14th century. Emphasis will be placed on learning how to cor-
                                                                  relate the historical context of cultures with the artwork. F2 901
 History of Art II.                      ART 2602G 3              (3-0-3) F, S. Survey of the visual arts, early Renaissance to the      History.
                                                                  present. The emphasis in this course is on the artwork as an
                                                                  expression of the ideas and values of the community which
                                                                  produced it.
 Introduction to Graphic Design.         ART 2910      3          (0-6-3) F, S. Concept and communication development of black-          Graphic design, Color
                                                                  and-white compositional studies and an introduction to color
                                                                  applications.
 Graphic Abstractions.                   ART 2920      3          0-6-3) S. Simplification of an object into black-and-white form        Color
                                                                  and subsequent color translations.
 Life Drawing.                           ART 2000      3          (0-6-3) F, S. Study of human form as a subject of graphic expres-      Drawing
                                                                  sion. Use of various media in figure drawing investigated
 Typography I.                           ART 3910      3          0-6-3) F. An introduction to letterform design, including the          Typeface, Readability,
                                                                  analysis of existing classical typefaces and the development of        Symbol
                                                                  new variations. Emphasis will be on observations of the salient
                                                                  issues regarding legibility and readability, form and counterform,
                                                                  and what qualities and attributes constitute a font and family of
                                                                  type. The observations from this research will then be applied to
                                                                  abstract symbol design.
 Visualization Studies I.                ART 3911      3          (0-6-3) F. An introduction to drawing of illustrations as visual       Drawing, Illustrations,
                                                                  symbols with an emphasis on communication development and              Symbol
                                                                  the semantics of symbol juxtapositions.
 Typography II.                          ART 3920      3          (0-6-3) S. An introduction to text and display type exercises.         Typeface
                                                                  Emphasis will be on the development of typographic hierarchical
                                                                  structure within a given design problem.




20      ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
Eastern Illinois University
  Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in art with option in graphic design


Course                              Code          Credits     Description                                                           Keywords
Visualization Studies II.           ART 3921      3           (0-6-3) S. An Introduction to the application of illustration and     Illustration, Symbol.
                                                              symbols to the interpretation and communication of complex
                                                              data.
History of Graphic Design           ART 3940      3           (3-0-3) F. The history of graphic design from the 19th century to     History
                                                              the present.
Typography III.                     ART 4910      3           0-6-3) F. Advanced visualization studies investigating the appli-     Visual communication
                                                              cation of visual communication concepts to problems involving
                                                              sequential relationships.
Senior Portfolio.                   ART 4749      0           Arr.-Arr.-0) F, S. (Credit/No Credit) Students in the BFA in Studio   Portfolio
                                                              Art Option or Graphic Design Option demonstrate competency
                                                              in the major through submission of a senior portfolio. Portfolio
                                                              requirements and submission time line are available from the
                                                              department office. Co-requisites: Enrollment in a 4000-level
                                                              Studio Art or Graphic Design course
Visualization Studies III.          ART 4911      3           0-6-3) F. An introduction to the application of visual communica-     Visual communica-
                                                              tion concepts to three-dimensional design issues.                     tion, 3D
Typography IV.                      ART 4920      3           (0-6-3) S. Advanced display and text studies investigating the        Visual communi-
                                                              application of visual communication concepts to problems              cation, Corporate
                                                              involving design systems and corporate identity.                      identity
Visualization Studies IV.           ART 4921      3           (0-6-3) S. Advanced three-dimensional visualization studies           Visual communica-
                                                              investigating the application of visual communication concepts        tion, 3D
                                                              to environmental design problems.




                                   Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales       21
Minneapolis College of Art & Design
     Graphic design


 Course                                Code          Credits   Description                                                           Keywords
 Introduction to Graphic Design        GRD2000       3         This course provides students with an overview of graphic             Graphic design, Visual
                                                               design practice. Students concentrate on building visual lan-         communication, Type-
                                                               guage and communication as well as the vocabulary necessary           face
                                                               for critical analysis. Topics covered include basic visual and
                                                               typographic principles, type and image integration, composition,
                                                               sequence, and craft. Students are also introduced to design pro-
                                                               cess: research, ideation, iteration, refinement, and implementa-
                                                               tion. Posters, mark-making, and booklets are possible outcomes
                                                               of this course.
 Introduction to Typography            GRD2010       3         This course emphasizes basic typographic principles and               Typeface
                                                               investigates letter-form design, word-forms, and extended text.
                                                               Particular attention is directed to typographic vocabulary, type as
                                                               image, typographic organization, and the utilization of supporting
                                                               grid structures. Through assignments, larger projects, and cri-
                                                               tiques, students are expected to demonstrate an understanding
                                                               of typography as a visual tool used to enhance meaning.
 Typography: Hierarchy and             GRD3020       3         Building on the skills learned in Introduction to Typography, this    Typeface
 Expression                                                    course explores a variety of functional, expressive, and formal
                                                               typographic issues. Perceptual, emotional, and stylistic consid-
                                                               erations are covered in relation to specific concepts. Students
                                                               are encouraged to develop and create content as well as create
                                                               grid structures to organize complex information. A high level of
                                                               typographic refinement and attention to detail is expected and
                                                               determined through critique and individual discussions. Projects
                                                               promote classic and expressive typography as well as found ty-
                                                               pographic form. Outcomes may range from books to brochures.
 Graphic Design: Form and              GRD3030       3         This intermediate course examines procedural frameworks for           Graphic design
 Methods                                                       graphic communications. The course covers a range of topics
                                                               including the utility of series and systems approaches, content
                                                               generation models and strategies, and an expanded notion of
                                                               hierarchical content. Some of the project components require
                                                               student responsibility in authoring content in both language and
                                                               imagery. At least one of the projects requires formal documenta-
                                                               tion illustrating the design process. Project outcomes range from
                                                               experimental studies in image advancement to mark-making
                                                               and identity systems.
 3050 Publication Design               GRD3050       3         Publication design remains one of the most challenging and           Graphic design
                                                               complex opportunities within the larger field of graphic design.
                                                               In this course, students create, conceptualize, and manage
                                                               content for multiple publications. Structural systems, formats,
                                                               and organizational methods are investigated as well as the
                                                               creation of visual narrative through image, pacing, and sequence.
                                                               Critiques and discussions of examples from the field encourage
                                                               students to think globally and flexibly about systems and to ex-
                                                               plore modifications to the traditional structure of books, catalogs,
                                                               and magazines.
 Motion Graphics                       GRD3060       3         This course explores the dynamic integration of graphic form,      Graphic design, Film,
                                                               typography, and message enhanced through the manipulation          Multimedia, Typeface
                                                               of movement, time, sequence, and sound. These techniques are
                                                               studied as integral components to the design process, resulting
                                                               in compelling motion graphic narrations. Classroom demonstra-
                                                               tions, critiques, and screenings enable students to develop digi-
                                                               tal movies that service a wide range of applications in broadcast,
                                                               narrowcast, and other film- and video-based communications.




22    ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
Minneapolis College of Art & Design
  Graphic design


Course                     Code          Credits    Description                                                            Keywords
Design Systems             GRD3070       3          Central to graphic design thinking, systems-based design               Graphic Design,
                                                    projects have always challenged the designer to investigate new        Research, Corporate
                                                    and better ways of representing complex information. These             identity
                                                    design systems are the crucial ingredient in the interdisciplinary
                                                    practices of branding, interactive design, information design,
                                                    and mapping. Classroom activities and assignments examine
                                                    resource development, research analysis, information manage-
                                                    ment, and ideation as parts of a larger whole. Not restricted to
                                                    any one media, this course encourages students to develop a
                                                    variety of solutions, guided by critique, individual discussions,
                                                    and course assignments.
Electronic Prepress        GRD3080       3          This course provides students with a practical and compre-             Digital imaging,
                                                    hensive overview of the prepress process from organizing,              Standards, Printing
                                                    preparing, and managing digital files to achieving professional        process, Typeface,
                                                    quality output. Students examine techniques, standards, and            Color management,
                                                    terminology commonly used in printing. Other topics include            Proofing,
                                                    artwork preparation, printing presses and processes, font and
                                                    color management, materials, formats, vendor communications,
                                                    and printers’ proofs. In an attempt to demystify the printing
                                                    process, students prepare an actual file for production and visit
                                                    local printers. Prerequisites: Graphic Design: Form and Methods,
                                                    Typography: Hierarchy and Expression
Professional Practice      GRD4000       3          Professional Practice is a thorough introduction to the skills         Portfolio, Work expe-
                                                    needed for a successful career in design. Visiting profession-         rience,
                                                    als, classroom discussions, and individual assignments assist
                                                    students in the development of a print and online portfolio. Stu-
                                                    dents are required to write all necessary supporting documents:
                                                    résumé, biography, project description/labeling system, and
                                                    letters to prospective employers. Students are expected to make
                                                    professional portfolio presentations and practice interviewing
                                                    techniques. Job search skills and professional etiquette and eth-
                                                    ics are also covered.
Internship                 GRD 4010      3          Internships provide an opportunity for students to gain practical      Co-op
                                                    experience in a particular career area and valuable on-the-job
                                                    skills. Internships may be arranged by the Director of Career
                                                    Services or initiated by students. All internships must be pre-
                                                    approved through the Career Services Office. For an internship
                                                    to be approved, a mentor relationship and learning experience
                                                    should exist beyond a simple employment opportunity. Three-
                                                    credit internships require working 135 hours at the internship
                                                    site and keeping a journal of hours and activities.
Advanced Graphic Design    GRD 5010      3          This course focuses on complex design challenges, professional-        Senior Proyect,
Seminar                                             level assignments, and design projects with multiple compo-            Design
                                                    nents. Students are encouraged to be entrepreneurial and to
                                                    conduct research and develop innovative solutions for appropri-
                                                    ate economic constituencies, users, and audiences. Students
                                                    refine their voice, style, and agenda while creating a semester-
                                                    long project. Professional presentations of ideas and design
                                                    solutions for critique and discussion are central to this course.
                                                    Project formats and media are open-ended.
Senior Project             GRD 5100      6          Senior Project is a capstone course for Graphic Design students        Senior Proyect,
                                                    that integrates the accumulated skills and knowledge obtained          Design
                                                    and cultivated while at MCAD. By developing a unique semester-
                                                    long project, students have the opportunity to engage present
                                                    and/or future career interests. Student projects are self-initiated,
                                                    self-defined, and self-managed. The scale of proposed projects
                                                    (scope and reach) as well as their final articulation (context,
                                                    content, and form) are to be developed and executed during a
                                                    15-week work cycle. Students consult the instructor, an outside
                                                    advisor, and MCAD staff for final implementation in the Com-
                                                    mencement Exhibition.



                          Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales       23
North Carolina Agricultutal & Technical University
     Graphic communications systems and technological studies.

 Course                                  Code          Credits   Description                                                            keywords
 Designing for Graphic Communi-          GCS-110       3         This course will acquaint the student with the basic principles        Layout
 cations                                                         and practices in the layout and design of graphic communication
                                                                 products. Mechanical and computer assisted processes will be
                                                                 introduced. Laboratory work is required for this course.
 Color Management                        GCS-120       3         This course is a study of managing color for print production.         Color management
                                                                 It emphasizes theory of color, color models, color generations,
                                                                 color corrections, color matching, color separations, and color
                                                                 proofing.
 Graphic Communications Tech-            GCS-130       3         Basic principles of graphic design, pre-press preparation, repro-      Graphic design, Lay-
 nology                                                          duction methods, and bindery operation are taught in a labora-         out, Printing process,
                                                                 tory setting. Historical, socioeconomic, organizational and career     Finishing
                                                                 opportunities in graphic communications and allied industries
                                                                 are investigated in reference to graphic communications, busi-
                                                                 ness and industries. Laboratory work is required.
 Introduction to Drafting Technol-       GCS-133.      3         Basic orthographic projection is emphasized. This course is an         Drawing, Geometry
 ogy                                                             introduction to drafting technology tools and procedures. Other
                                                                 topics include lettering, geometric construction, pictorials, auxil-
                                                                 iaries, sections, and dimensioning.
 Drafting of Geometrical Entities        GCS-233.      3         This course will emphasize representation of common geo-               Drawing, Geometry
                                                                 metrical entities with points, lines, planes, solids, sectional
                                                                 auxiliary projection, revolution, pictorial drawing, intersection
                                                                 and development.
 Computer Aided Drafting                 GCS-234       3         This course presents an introduction to computer-aided drafting        CAD
                                                                 and design applications. Emphasis is placed on orthographic
                                                                 projections, various coordinate systems, blocks, multilines, and
                                                                 layers.
 Screen Printing Technology              GCS-250       3         This course provides broad and thorough knowledge and skills           Screen
                                                                 to transfer images through a stencil to a substrate. Techniques
                                                                 of screen preparations, screen exposing, and screen printing will
                                                                 be studied.
 Technical Communication                 GCS-292       3         This course is designed to develop the student’s proficiency in        Research
                                                                 researching, organizing, writing, and presenting documents in
                                                                 various areas of technology.
 Introduction to Photographic            GCS-330       3         This course is designed to acquaint the beginner with the funda-       Photography
 Imaging                                                         mental processes of photographic imaging. Historical evolution
                                                                 and modern uses of photography will be studied. Nomenclature,
                                                                 theory and application in picture composition, imaging, and pre-
                                                                 sentation methods will be explored. Legal, safety, and market-
                                                                 ing aspects of photography will be addressed. Each student is
                                                                 required to provide a camera with adjustable f-stops and shutter
                                                                 speeds. Laboratory work is required.
 Advanced Photographic Imaging           GCS-331       3         Basic principles of pre-press imaging for mass reproduction            Digital imaging
                                                                 purposes are highlighted and reinforced in a laboratory setting.
                                                                 Theories of production, line and halftone copy are applied in
                                                                 class. Alternative technical systems for pre-press image prepa-
                                                                 ration will also be examined. Laboratory is required.
 Digital Image Editing                   GCS-332       3         Editing images using digital technology is taught. Hands-on ac-  Digital imaging,
                                                                 tivities are implemented to learn image manipulation techniques. Retouching
 Electric/Electronic Drafting            GCS-333       3         Emphasis is on drawing and design of electronic equipment              Industrial design
                                                                 and devices found in the manufacturing, installation, and
                                                                 maintenance industries. Topics include symbols, basic circuits,
                                                                 industrial controls, wiring diagrams, printed circuits, integrated
                                                                 circuits, and electrical building construction wiring diagrams.




24      ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
North Carolina Agricultutal & Technical University
Graphic communications systems and technological studies.

Course                               Code          Credits    Description                                                            keywords
Architectural Drafting               GCS-334       3          Principles of planning residential structures and developing           Architectural design
                                                              production working drawings are stressed. Course topics include
                                                              the design of floor plans, environmental system layouts (heat-
                                                              ing and air conditioning), and service system plans (plumbing
                                                              and electrical). Additionally, issues concerning cost estimation,
                                                              building codes, and general construction techniques will be
                                                              introduced.
Flexographic Package and Spe-        GCS 416       3          This course is designed to develop proficiency in flexographic         Flexo
cialty Printing                                               printing and design. It includes the flexographic market, prod-
                                                              ucts, substrates, and inks.
Web Design for Graphic Commu-        GCS 418       3          This course is designed to provide tight integration of graphic        Web
nications                                                     communications applications and streamlined workflow for
                                                              students to build Web sites. Students will be able to create
                                                              interactive graphics and animations.
Technical Illustration and Design    GCS-430.      3          The principles of graphic design, including design process, color,     Color, Graphic design,
                                                              type and art components are discussed. Advanced techniques in          Typeface
                                                              computer application and design software are also covered.
Geometric Dimensioning and           GCS-433       3          This course is a study of the use of basic geometric dimension-        Geometry
Tolerancing                                                   ing and tolerancing practices and procedures. Students will
                                                              learn how to analyze a mechanical drawing with regard to the
                                                              standards currently used in industry and manufacturing, and
                                                              how to apply these dimensions and notations to a drawing
Advanced Architectural Drafting      GCS-434       3          This course deals with the planning of industrial, commercial          Architectural design
                                                              and public buildings. Topics include construction and design
                                                              principles, materials specifications and codes; complete plans
                                                              (plot, landscaping, framing, electrical and mechanical equip-
                                                              ment), details (reinforced concrete, timber and steel), advanced
                                                              perspective rendering, analytical study of historical and contem-
                                                              porary architecture, materials and methods, and engineering.
Architectural Design and Model-      GCS-435.      3          Planning and structural design problems of buildings and their         Architectural design
ing                                                           relationship to other buildings and space are emphasized. Urban
                                                              and rural planning are studied. Landscape and townscape
                                                              projects are carried to working detail with emphasis placed on
                                                              techniques of model construction.
Machine Design and Drafting          GCS-533       3          Lecture and laboratory work includes advanced machine draw-            Industrial design
                                                              ings, and dimensions, tolerance of fasteners, analysis of motion
                                                              and motion diagrams. This course includes welding and numeri-
                                                              cal control, bearings, couplings, gears, jigs and fixtures, and die
                                                              design. Fundamentals of computer aided design are included.
Cartographic Drafting and Design     GCS-534       3          This course includes an introduction to design and draft-              Industrial design
                                                              ing related to the fields of surveying and cartography. Topics
                                                              include: topographical maps, contours, plat and plot layouts, and
                                                              surveying and mapping notations. All work will be drawn using a
                                                              computer aided design system.
Tool and Machine Design              GCS-536       3          Fundamentals of tool design, cutting tools, punches and die            Industrial design
                                                              design, gage design, jigs and fixtures, indexing and coding pro-
                                                              cedures are emphasized. Design, assembly and detail drawings
                                                              of machines, tools and parts are studied.
Principles of Ink Technology         GCS-575       3          This course is the study of ink and ink manufacturing technol-         Ink
                                                              ogy; theory and principles of ink properties, and applications in
                                                              the graphic industry.
Principles of Paper Technology       GCS-580       3          Study of paper and paper manufacturing technology. Theory and          Paper
                                                              principles of paper properties and applications in the graphic
                                                              communications industry will be studied.




                                    Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales      25
North Carolina Agricultutal & Technical University
     Graphic communications systems and technological studies.

 Course                                  Code          Credits   Description                                                       keywords
 Principles of Ink and Paper             GCS 581       3         This course is a study of ink and paper. It includes manufacturing Substrates
 Technology                                                      technology, properties, and applications of ink and paper as they
                                                                 relate to graphic communications.
 Graphic Communications Produc-          GCS-585       3         This course will acquaint the student with production systems     Production
 tion Management                                                 management in graphic communications. Human and technical
                                                                 aspects of project management will be studied. Comparison of
                                                                 small and large graphic communications production will also be
                                                                 studied.
 Estimating in Graphic Communi-          GCS-590.      3         Cost estimating in graphic communications identifies compo-       Cost estimation
 cations                                                         nents of imaging and printing technologies that constitute a
                                                                 manufactured product in the graphic industry. Variables within
                                                                 each of the components will be explored. Appropriate math-
                                                                 ematical formulas will be introduced for pricing out production
                                                                 projects to improve cost controls, production techniques, and
                                                                 insure company profitability.




26      ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
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Estudio univ internacional_v4

  • 3. Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales AUTORES DEL ESTUDIO Javier Rodríguez-Borlado Director I + D ITGT Aurelio Mendiguchía Director Técnico ITGT Ignacio Villalba Profesor Asociado ITGT Paul O. A. Olayide Asistente investigación Maquetación Juan María Ortiz de Urbina Profesor Asociado ITGT 2010 Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar (ITGT) ITGT C/. Pío Felipe,12 · 28038 Madrid Teléfono: 91 477 25 00 · Fax: 91 478 27 59 www.itgt.es
  • 4. Indice de contenidos 4 ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
  • 5. Indice de contenidos Indice de contenidos Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 Introducción y utilidad del estudio ................................................................................................................... 9 Objetivos ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 Estudio de la literatura existente ...................................................................................................................... 10 Metodología • Elaboración de un primer borrador de Contenidos Relevantes ............................................................. 11 • Obtención de los currículos detallados de las Universidades ............................................................... 11 • Adecuación de los Contenidos Relevantes en función de datos obtenidos .......................................... 12 • Distribución de contenidos de cada universidad en los Contenidos Relevantes .................................. 13 • Confección de la tabla comparativa y obtención de resultados............................................................ 13 • Contraste externo.................................................................................................................................. 14 Resultados Obtenidos • Descripción detallada de contenidos ofertados .................................................................................... 15 • Glosario de palabras clave o “Key Words” referenciado a cursos ........................................................ 47 • Distribución de tiempo dedicado a cada Contenido Relevante ............................................................. 56 Análisis de los resultados ................................................................................................................................. 88 Conclusiones .................................................................................................................................................... 90 Referencias....................................................................................................................................................... 93 Anexo I Listado de Universidades utilizadas en el estudio. ........................................................................................... 97 Anexo II Contenidos Relevantes en español e inglés ..................................................................................................... 102 Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales 5
  • 7. Abstract Abstract La industria gráfica ha sufrido cambios muy importantes en los últimos años principalmente debido a la aparición de nuevas tecnologías y a la evolución de los hábitos de consumo. Las instituciones académicas deben conocer e incorporar esos cambios en sus programas de manera que formen profesionales preparados para cubrir las demandas y las expectativas que les va a pedir los usuarios. Una manera de ver como adaptarse a este cambio es estudiar como lo han hecho instituciones académicas en países donde por un lado existe una mayor conexión entre el mundo académico y el profesional y por otro los avances tecnológicos han sido incorporados antes por los usuarios finales. Los principales objetivos de este estudio eran: • Estudiar las titulaciones que se están ofreciendo en Norteamérica y Norte de Europa en el sector Gráfico. • Analizar cuales son los conceptos a los que se les da un mayor peso dentro de estas carreras estableciendo una cierta cuantificación. • Realizar un listado de conceptos, palabras clave o “key words” referenciado universidades y cursos específicos donde se tratan esos conceptos. Las principales conclusiones obtenida del análisis de los programas fueron: • Es complicado obtener información detallada de los programas ofertados por las universidades europeas. • Existe una ruptura entre la parte de diseño y la parte de producción, con un mayor peso de la primera. • Se da poco peso a la enseñanza de software específico primándose más la parte de concepto, o la de integración de procesos. • El Diseño Web y multimedia ya está presente en todos los programas con un peso significativo. • La dedicación de tiempo asignada a formarse en la tecnología de impresión flexográfica supera a la tecnología Offset. • Dentro de los procesos de impresión, se da mayor importancia a como interactúan las materias primas (tinta y papel) que al propio sistema específico de impresión. • Los acabados tienen un peso específico importante. • Se consideran necesarios conocimientos de componente industrial del proceso (gestión de costes, gestión de producción, aspectos empresariales, etc.) junto con gestión de bases de datos. Además de las conclusiones obtenidas, el estudio ha generado también un glosario de palabras clave o “key words” que puede resultar de gran utilidad. Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales 7
  • 8. 8 ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
  • 9. Introducción y utilidad del estudio Introducción y utilidad del estudio La industria gráfica ha estado inmersa en un entorno muy dinámico e inestable desde hace más de una década. Esto se debe, entre otras razones, al desarrollo tecnológico y a los cambios en los hábitos de consumo. Este entorno no es el mejor ni para la industria gráfica ni para los centros de formación. Las instituciones académicas tienen muchas dudas con respecto a las habilidades que deben impartir a los estudiantes. Cada institución está tratando de organizar el mejor plan de estudios por su cuenta. La realización de un estudio comparativo de los contenidos más relevantes enseñados en otras instituciones puede ser muy útil, bien para reafirmarse en el actual plan de estudios, bien para incorporar nuevos contenidos. Objetivos del estudio Los principales objetivos que se plantean en este estudio son: • Estudiar las titulaciones que se están ofreciendo en Norteamérica y Norte de Europa en el Sector Gráfico, comprobando si existe una cierta uniformidad en los conceptos enseñados en distintas universidades. • Analizar los conceptos a los que se les da un mayor peso en estas carreras y establecer una cierta cuantificación. • Realizar un listado de conceptos, palabras clave o “key words” referenciado universidades y cursos específicos donde se tratan esos conceptos. Limitaciones del estudio. A la hora de realizar este estudio se han dado una serie de limitaciones. Algunas se detectaron antes del inicio del proyecto y otras se descubrieron al obtener la información. Las limitaciones más importantes han sido: • El Proyecto se reduce al estudio de los currículos que se están ofreciendo actualmente en las distintas instituciones académicas. Por lo tanto, los resultados no tienen en cuenta cómo han evolucionado estos currículos en el tiempo. • Con el fin de estudiar currículos comparables en todas las universidades, se han omitido programas Máster, y se han analizado sólo los estudios denominados “Bachelor”, que serían los equivalentes a los grados en la estructura académica universitaria actual. • Sólo se ha tenido en cuenta para el estudio aquellos cursos que eran obligatorios para la obtención de la titulación pertinente y que estaban relacionados de alguna manera con el sector gráfico. Por lo tanto, no se han considerado ni las materias opcionales, ni las materias troncales ajenas a la industria gráfica, como pudieran ser literatura o matemáticas. • El equipo investigador sólo ha podido tener acceso a la información detallada de currículos norteamericanos, Estados Unidos y Canadá, pero no a los europeos como era la intención inicial. • Baja respuesta por parte de las universidades a las estimaciones realizadas por el equipo investigador. Quizá motivado por el corto plazo desde que se mandaron las propuestas hasta que se escribieron las conclusiones. Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales 9
  • 10. Revisión literatura Revisión de la literatura existente Unos de los principales retos que tiene que afrontar la educación en la industria gráfica son los profundos cambios tecnológicos y de hábitos de consumo que llevarán a importantes cambios en las estrategias de las empresas y en las necesidades de los puestos de trabajo (European Commision, 2009). Estos cambios no se están reflejando en las publicaciones académicas (Steele. C, 2004) Las empresas del sector gráfico están abriéndose a realizar otros trabajos que antes no hacían, tanto en el campo creativo como en el de comercio electrónico (PGSF, 2010). Como consecuencia de todo esto, la industria está demandando a los nuevos trabadores que contrata unas habilidades distintas a las que demandaban recientemente (Frey & Chrstensen, 2008). Gran parte de la formación se realiza dentro de la misma empresa por parte de los propios compañeros o por los fabricantes de los equipos (Callan, 2007), pero esa formación no les capacita para un aprovechamiento óptimo de las nuevas tecnologías (Frey & Chrstensen, 2008). A todos estos factores hay que añadir una imagen muy mala del sector percibida por los usuarios (Callan, 2007), lo que genera una crisis de recursos humanos en el sector (Walker & Sorce), con dificultades para encontrar personas con la capacitación adecuada. Es por ello de vital importancia que las instituciones académicas se paren a estudiar cuales son los conocimientos y habilidades que el sector requiere y que actualicen los contenidos para preparar a operarios que puedan satisfacer esas necesidades. También es importante eliminar barreras para que muchas personas puedan seguir formándose en su vida laboral. Una vía importante es la potenciación de la formación on-line (European Commision, 2009) que disminuya las dificultades de movilidad y horarios. Metodología Para evaluar el peso o la importancia que se asigna a cada concepto se utilizó el porcentaje de tiempo dedicado. Se parte de la premisa de que cuanto más importancia se le asigne a un determinado contenido mayor tiempo se le dedicará. Con el fin de poder comparar de forma cuantitativa los contenidos enseñados en las distintas instituciones académicas se definieron una serie de Contenidos Relevantes. Posteriormente se estudió cada asignatura de los programas elegidos distribuyendo el tiempo dedicado entre los Contenidos Relevantes. Mediante este proceso se obtenía la distribución de tiempo que cada universidad dedicaba a cada uno de los Contenidos Relevantes Las etapas seguidas para la obtención de estos objetivos han sido: 1. Elaboración de un primer borrador de Contenidos Relevantes 2. Obtención de los currículos detallados de las Universidades. 3. Adecuación de los Contenidos Relevantes en función de datos obtenidos. 4. Distribución de contenidos de cada universidad en los Contenidos Relevantes. 5. Confección de la tabla comparativa y obtención de resultados. 6. Contraste externo. 10 ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
  • 11. Metodología FASE 1. Elaboración de un primer borrador de Contenidos Relevantes. Expertos de ITGT realizaron un primer borrador de Contenidos Relevantes a partir del estudio de los currículos de dos universidades que impartían conocimientos de todo el proceso gráfico. El objetivo de estos Contenidos Relevantes es que sirvan como unidades de conocimiento básicas que puedan usarse para comparar los distintos curriculos manejando un lenguaje común. Los Contenidos Relevantes deben ser lo suficientemente específicos como para que la mayoría de asignaturas impartidas en el resto de universidades se puedan descomponer en dichos Contenidos Relevantes. Los Contenidos Relevantes se agruparon en cuatro grandes familias: • Contenidos referidos a la preimpresión. Desde la parte creativa hasta la generación de la forma impresora. • Contenidos referidos a los procesos de impresión y acabados. • Contenidos referidos al proceso de producción, más allá del proceso propio de impresión. • Otros aspectos referidos a la industria gráfica no asignables específicamente a ninguno de los tres apartados anteriores. FASE 2. Obtención de los currículos detallados de las Universidades. La búsqueda de universidades y de los contenidos ofrecidos se realizó en base a los siguientes criterios: • Universidades que hubieran participado con cierta asiduidad en conferencias de prestigio internacional como TAGA. • Universidades de reconocido prestigio aunque no hubieran participado en estas conferencias. • Universidades del norte de Europa de las que se tuviera constancia que tenían programas en el sector gráfico. • Universidades americanas que ofrecían cursos relacionados con la industria gráfica y publicados en el Print and Graphics Scholarship Foundation, seleccionando entre las que ofrecieran mayor variedad de procesos en sus programas. La información detallada de los programas y los cursos se obtuvieron, bien desde las páginas web de dichas instituciones, bien de la información suministrada por los órganos de dirección de estas organizaciones. A la hora de obtener los contenidos impartidos por las universidades buscadas, el equipo investigador se encontró con una serie de limitaciones, como por ejemplo: • Algunas de las instituciones académicas con mayor participación en congresos internacionales de la industria gráfica no ofertaban cursos específicos relacionados con la industria gráfica, sino que su conexión era a través de otros sectores como el papelero. Por ejemplo, la universidad de Grenoble, en Francia, con una importante participación en el sector gráfico oferta principalmente cursos para la industria papelera. Otras instituciones de gran relevancia internacional no ofertan cursos universitarios. Este es el caso por ejemplo de FOGRA y UGRA en Europa, o de PIA, GATF en USA. • Las instituciones europeas no tienen publicados contenidos detallados de sus currículos en sus páginas web —o al menos el equipo investigador no fue capaz de encontrarlo en inglés—, ni respondieron a las solicitudes de información enviadas. No se pudo obtener información de ninguna de ellas. Por el contrario, las universidades norteamericanas (Estados Unidos y Canadá), sí tenían Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales 11
  • 12. Metodología descripciones detalladas de sus cursos y respondieron en varios casos a la solicitud de información más pormenorizada. El listado de universidades europeas de las que se intentó sin éxito obtener una descripción detallada de sus programas es el siguiente: • London College of Communication (UK) • University of Dalarna (Suecia) • Linkoping University (Suecia) • The Graphic Arts Institute of Denmark (Dinamarca) • Helsinki University of Technology (Finlandia) • Federal Institute of Technology (Suiza) • Grenoble Institute of Technology (Francia) El listado final de universidades en las que se ha podido obtener información, y por lo tanto, sobre las que se ha basado el estudio es el siguiente: • Appalachian State University • California Polytechnic • Eastern Illinois University • Mineapolis College of Art & Design • North Carolina Agricultutal & Technical University • Northeastern State University • Pennsylvania State University • Plymouth State University • Rochester Institute of Technology • Ryerson University • The Art Institute of Pittsburg • The College of New Jersey • University of North Dakota En el anexo I se ha incluido una tabla con los datos de los programas que oferta cada universidad: Nombre exacto, titulación que oferta. FASE 3. Adecuación de los Contenidos. En función de los contenidos observados en las universidades seleccionadas se realizó una actualización de los Contenidos Relevantes. Consistió, básicamente, en desglosar los contenidos referentes al diseño, ya que una gran parte de los temarios caía dentro de esa clasificación y podría ser interesante un mayor detalle. 12 ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
  • 13. Metodología FASE 4. Distribución de contenidos de cada universidad. Tras obtener la información de todas las universidades, el equipo investigador fue desglosando el contenido de cada curso en función de la descripción obtenida y distribuyendo cada curso, de forma proporcional, en los Contenidos Relevantes que se abordaban en él. Tras este proceso se obtuvo una tabla por cada universidad, en la que cada curso estaba distribuido proporcionalmente en los distintos contenidos relevantes. A continuación, el documento se remitió a cada centro por si querían hacer alguna corrección a la distribución estimada por el equipo investigador. Una vez realizadas las correcciones propuestas por cada universidad, asignando esa proporción al número de créditos de cada curso, se obtenía la distribución apropiada entre los distintos Contenidos Relevantes. Como los créditos no representan una misma dedicación de horas en todas las universidades, fue necesario, para poder compararlas, diseñar una segunda tabla donde los créditos dedicados a cada Contenido Relevante se expresaron en porcentaje respecto a los créditos totales dedicados a contenidos estudiados. Este segundo cuadro muestra como divide su tiempo cada universidad entre los Contenidos Relevantes. La distribución porcentual del tiempo dedicado a cada materia es la que se ha utilizado como elemento comparativo entre universidades y como herramienta de estudio para deducir la importancia asignada a cada Contenido Relevante. Se asume la hipótesis de que existe una relación directa entre la importancia atribuida a un determinado concepto y el porcentaje de tiempo dedicado a ese concepto. Se estudiaron exclusivamente los relacionados con la industria gráfica y que tenían carácter obligatorio para la obtención de la titulación ofertada por la universidad. Los motivos por los que se realizó esta reducción son los siguientes: • El objeto del proyecto era analizar el peso que le daban instituciones académicas a los distintos conceptos involucrados en el proceso gráfico, no qué otros conceptos distintos de los puramente gráficos debe tener un profesional de la industria gráfica. Por ese motivo se eliminaron los cursos no relacionados con la industria gráfica. • Considerar las materias optativas hubiera ampliado excesivamente el ámbito de estudio, y habría impedido utilizar el factor tiempo asignado a cada curso como criterio de importancia que las universidades atribuyen a cada materia. De esta forma estaríamos contabilizando unos contenidos que podrían no cursarse. Al mismo tiempo, se ha de suponer que los contenidos que una universidad considera de gran importancia, se localizan entre los contenidos obligatorios para la obtención del título. FASE 5. Confección de la tabla comparativa y obtención de resultados. Una vez completada la fase anterior, el paso siguiente supuso el análisis de los resultados conjuntos para cuantificar distribuciones y desviaciones que se producen. La herramienta utilizada es una nueva tabla donde se reunirán las sumas totales de los porcentajes de tiempo que cada institución dedica a cada Contenidos Relevantes. Al estudiar la distribución de tiempos de cada universidad se observa que hay dos grupos claramente diferenciados: Los que ofrecen una acreditación de diseño gráfico y aquellos que ofertan una acreditación en lo que se denomina de forma más habitual “Graphic communication” o comunicación gráfica, que abarca todo el proceso gráfico. El estudio comparativo se hace por separado para cada uno de estos grupos. De otra manera, los resultados estarían viciados al comparar dos elementos distintos. La universidad de Pennsilvania ofrece dos cursos, uno en Graphic Design y otro en Graphic Communication. Se estudiaron por separado, distribuyéndolos cada uno en un grupo. Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales 13
  • 14. Metodología Los dos grupos de estudio son los siguientes: Grupo 1. Diseño gráfico • Eastern Illinois University • Mineapolis College of Art & Design • Northeastern State University • Pennsylvania State University • Plymouth State University • The Art Institute of Pittsburg • The College of New Jersey • University of North Dakota Grupo 2. Comunicación Gráfica • Appalachian State University • California Polytechnic • North Carolina Agricultutal & Technical University • Pennsylvania State University • Rochester Institute of Technology • Ryerson University Del estudio de estas tablas se extraen las conclusiones del estudio. FASE 6. Contraste externo. El análisis de los resultados y las conclusiones derivadas del estudio se presentaron a una serie de expertos de nivel nacional para contrastar la información obtenida y realizar las modificaciones que se consideren pertinentes. El listado de expertos a los que se envió la documentación citada es el siguiente: • Ricard Casals de RCC Casals Consultants, S.A., consultor especializado en las artes gráficas y presidente de la Asociación de Consultores Europeos de Artes Gráficas GAIN (Graphic Arts Intelligence Network) • Martín Vía. Fundador y Presidente de Protecmedia • Eduardo Acedo. Director Técnico de HENCHE s.a. • Manuel Gómez Güemes. Consultor - Gerente de Procograf • Vicente de Gracia director de desarrollos sectoriales de Aido Las observaciones recibidas por parte de los expertos se han incorporado en los apartados de Conclusiones y Propuestas de nuevos proyectos. Con todo ello se elabora el presente informe que reúne toda la información y las conclusiones finales. 14 ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
  • 15. Resultados obtenidos Resultados Obtenidos Finalmente se obtuvieron las descripciones detalladas de los cursos ofrecidos por trece universidades, doce estadounidenses y una Canadiense. En el caso de la universidad de Pensilvania se analizaron dos programas. Fruto de la recopilación y posterior estudio de la información obtenida se obtuvieron tres resultados distintos; • Descripción detallada de contenidos ofertados • Glosario de palabras clave o “Key Words” referenciado a cursos • Distribución de tiempo dedicado a cada Contenido Relevante 1. Descripción detallada de contenidos ofertados Como se ha indicado anteriormente, sólo se estudiaron las materias que eran obligatorias para la obtención del título y que estaban relacionadas, de alguna manera, con la industria gráfica. La información obtenida de cada materia fue: • Nombre de la asignatura • Código • Número de Créditos • Descripción del contenido facilitado por la institución • Asignaturas anteriores necesarias para cursar cada una de ellas (en el caso de que las hubiera). Este último campo no se ha mostrado con el fin de hacer las tablas más legibles. Aparte de esta información obtenida directamente de las instituciones académicas, se ha añadido otra columna denominada “Key words” con palabras clave que definen el contenido de esos cursos. Esta columna ha sido construida por el equipo investigador y se ha utilizado para la posterior distribución de cada asignatura en los Contenidos Relevantes así como para el glosario de Key words. Adjuntamos los cuadros con la información de los 14 programas estudiados. Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales 15
  • 16. Appalachian State University Graphic Arts And Imaging Technology Course Code Credits Description Keywords Orientation to Graphic Arts GRA1003 1 A survey of the graphic arts industry including its developments past Printing pro- and present, printing processes, products, graphic’s impact on society cess and various career opportunities. Graphic Communications I GRA 1012. 3 This course is an introduction to graphic communications. Students Digital imag- will be introduced to the world of imaging, printing, and publishing. The ing, Printing course will discuss materials, equipment, health and safety, tech- process, niques, and concepts of text/image input, conversion, and output that Substrates are practiced in the graphic arts industry. Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours. Introduction to Flexography GRA 1222. 3 This course is designed to introduce students to the principles and Packaging, practices of the packaging industry. The student will be introduced to Flexo, Gravure the flexographic and gravure printing processes. Emphasis is placed on elements from artwork, plates, cylinder imaging, inks and presses. Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours. Electronic Prepress GRA 2102. 3 This course is designed to introduce the student to digital imaging Digital imaging as it relates directly to the printing industry. Specific topics include Proofing, Print- hardware, software, input and output devices, image generation, pro- ing process cessing, proofing, storage and transfer technologies. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the total production process from computer to press. Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours. Graphic Communications II GRA 3012. 3 This course is a continuation of GRA 1012, Graphic Communications Substrates, I. Emphasis will be placed on theory and problem solving as well as Printing broadening skills in the areas of digital imaging, printing technolo- process, gies, and production management. The course will discuss materials, Production, equipment, techniques and concepts of text/image input, conversion, Quality control, output, finishing, and quality control that are practiced in the graphic Finishing arts industry. Lecture two hours, laboratory four hours. Electronic Imaging GRA 3102 3 An introduction to the concepts, processes, and hardware which are Digital imaging, fundamental in creating, editing, and displaying digital electronic im- Retouching, ages. To include: image editing, blending modes, compositing, color Color man- models and modes, color separation, color profile management, mask- agemente, File ing, tonal analysis, layer management, file preparation and conversion. formats Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours. (COMPUTER) Substrates, Inks and Color Man- GRA 3112 3 This course is designed to introduce students to substrates and inks Substrates, agement used in printing and packaging production. Topics will include introduc- Color manage- tion to features and characteristics, manufacturing processes, printing ment and packaging production performance, with quality control and color management solutions for substrates and inks used for producing printing and packaging products. Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours. 3D Imaging and Animation GRA 3312. 3 This course provides an introduction to 3D digital imaging for specific 3D, Digital applications. Industry standard computer software will be used to imaging explore fundamentals of modeling and texturing. Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours. Web Development for Graphic GRA 3512 3 This course provides students with the opportunity to develop basic Web Communications web sites, manipulate images for web delivery. Additionally, students will create intermediate and advanced web sites that utilize complex interactivity. Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours. GRA 3622 GRA 3622 1 This course involves the development of the mechanics of being a pro- Work experi- fessional in the graphic arts industry. Specific topics include resumes, ence cover letters, interviewing, presentation techniques and report writing. Print Production Analysis and GRA 3772 3 The study of systems and techniques used for identification of printing Printing pro- Control production standards, cost estimating, production scheduling, produc- cess, Produc- tion planning, material flow, teamwork, problem-solving techniques, tion, Cost and management’s role in creating quality environments. Lecture three estimation, hours. Planning 16 ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
  • 17. Appalachian State University Graphic Arts And Imaging Technology Course Code Credits Description Keywords Technical Assistant GRA 4112 1 A supervised, meaningful, planned and evaluated laboratory assistant Work experi- experience. Students enrolled in this course will act as instructional ence aides within various graphic arts and imaging technology courses. Prerequisite: junior or senior standing. Advanced Electronic Imaging/ GRA 4512. 3 This course addresses advanced concepts and practices pertaining Digital imaging, Cross Media to digital electronic imaging. To include: advanced techniques such Retouching, as color management, image adjustment, scanning, color correc- Solor manage- tion, masking, edge selection, and special effects. Lecture two hours, ment laboratory two hours. Advanced 3D Imaging and Anima- GRA 4522 3 This course focuses on using advanced texturing techniques, complex 3D tion shading networks, inverse kinematics and forward kinematics to de- velop realistic 3D images and animation. Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours. Digital Printing and Publishing GRA 4558 3 This course allows students the opportunity to explore digital printing Digital printing, applications such as short-run color and variable data printing. Stu- Preflight, Work- dents will study digital workflows, file preparation, data management, flow, Variable preflighting, digital front-end systems, press operation and routine data maintenance. Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours. Advanced Flexographic Printing GRA 4566 3 This course addresses advanced concepts and practices pertaining Flexo, Quality Methods to the flexographic printing process. To include: advanced techniques control, such as multi-color spot and process color printing, quality control, cor- rugated board, image distortion, die calculations, and coatings. Lecture two hours, laboratory two hours. Advanced Offset Printing Methods GRA 4591 3 This course is designed to build on the basics covered in Graphic Digital imaging, Communications I, Graphic Communications II, Electronic Prepress, Color manage- and Electronic Imaging. Students will gain experience in advanced ment techniques in electronic prepress, halftones, duotones, process color, process stripping and process press work. Lecture two hours, labora- tory two hours. Current Trends in Graphic Com- GRA 4622. 1 This course is designed to emphasize current trends, technical move- Trends munications Seminar ments and problems as they relate to the future of the printing industry. Classes will focus on group discussions related to these and other cur- rent issues. Students will be required to refer to academic experiences, internship experiences and library skills to participate in discussions. Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales 17
  • 18. California Polytechnic Graphic Communications Course Code Credits Description Keywords Introduction to Graphic Commu- GRC 101 3 Graphic communication history, theory, processes, applications, Graphic design, Print- nication and practices. New technologies that affect day-to-day commu- ing process, Publish- nication including traditional and digital printing and publishing, ing, Web, Packagin and non-print imaging including Internet applications. Overview of design technology, web and digital media, printing and imag- ing management, graphics for packaging, industry segments Digital Publishing Systems GRC 201 3 Introduction to digital publishing systems including hardware, Digital publishing software, and file formats. Overview of output technologies, networking, and digital publishing standards. Digital Photography GRC 202 3 Digital photography for print and web, including lighting, expo- Digital imaging sure, composition, photo-retouching, equipment, color manage- ment, and output. Digital File Preparation and GRC 203 3 Terminology and techniques used in digital workflow systems for Workflow Workflow print and web. Workflow options, including automation, proofing, and output systems. Digital file delivery and transfer.. Substrates, Inks and Toners GRC 211 4 Technical aspects of paper, other substrates, inks, toners, and Substrates other printable materials used in the printing and packaging industries. Manufacture, application and interaction of these materials in relation to particular processes and end use re- quirements. Hands-on testing of materials in relation to quality, properties, and performance. Digital Typography GRC 218 4 Application of typography using current software tools for print Typeface and Web. In-depth study of communication principles and visual organization. Font technology and management for the creative, print and web publishing industries. GRC majors and minors only. Flexographic Printing Technology GRC 316 3 Analysis of flexographic printing technology for flexible packag- Flexo ing, label printing, folding and corrugated cartons. Applications of computers to the management and technical function of flexographic printing technology. Managing Quality in Graphic Com- GRC 320 4 Theory and practices of quality systems in the graphic commu- Quality control munication nication industry. Emphasis on Deming Systems Thinking, Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma, ISO, and Malcolm Baldrige. Quantify- ing customer expectations, specifications, standard operating procedures, SPC tools, and employee empowerment in the graphic arts. Binding, Finishing, and Distribu- GRC 324 3 Imposition techniques, cutting, and folding. Stitch, case and Finishing, Imposition tion Processes perfect binding techniques and applications. Operational and aesthetic uses of die cutting, scoring, creasing, foil stamping and embossing techniques. Fulfillment and mailing operations. Appli- cations of computers to the management and technical function of binding; finishing and distribution. Sheetfed Printing Technology GRC 328 4 Theory, practice and application of sheetfed printing and plate Sheetfed Offset technology for commercial, book, advertising, catalog, packag- ing and reprographic segments of the printing industry. Press configurations, materials, computerized press controls, workflow, pressroom management, coating and quality control. Plate types, quality and new technologies for sheetfed printing. 18 ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
  • 19. California Polytechnic Graphic Communications Course Code Credits Description Keywords Web Offset and Gravure Printing GRC 329 3 Introduction to web offset and gravure printing for newspa- Web offseT Technologies pers, packaging, magazines, books, catalogs and commercial products. Application of technology to the management and production of web offset and gravure printing. Preparation and use of gravure cylinders. Digital Content Management and GRC 338 4 Digital content management strategies for print and web includ- Variable data, Work- Variable Data Publishing ing file management, database principles, archiving, document flow formats, variable data publishing, workflow analysis, groupware, and repurposing. Technical and creative problem-solving for con- tent production and management in print and web publishing. . Marketing and Sales Management GRC 361 4 Identification and development of target markets for products Marketing, Sales, for Print and Digital Media and services in the graphic communication industry. Deployment Planning of strategies in pricing, promotion and distribution management. Application of customer relationship management techniques for personal selling, forecasting and planning. Digital Printing and Emerging GRC 402 3 Application of digital printing including the study of digital Digital printing, Vari- Technologies in Graphic Com- presses, front-end systems, and related technologies. Integration able data, Trends munication and automation of database and publishing software. Emerg- ing graphic communication technologies that are affecting the methods and procedures of producing and distributing print and electronic media. Managing technological change in graphic communication establishments. Estimating for Print and Digital GRC 403 4 Estimating the cost of various kinds of print and digital products Cost estimation Media and services. Development of budgeted hour costs and produc- tion standards. Cost estimating methods for Print on Demand, VDP, sheetfed lithography, web site development, and wide- format output. Analysis of material, labor and other cost factors. Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales 19
  • 20. Eastern Illinois University Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in art with option in graphic design Course Code Credits Description Keywords Drawing II ART 1001 1 (0-6-3) F, S. Instruction in drawing from observation, intermedi- Drawing, Color ate drawing concepts, and techniques in color and black and white media. Two-Dimensional Foundations ART 1110 3 Foundation course for all areas of art. Developing awareness of 2D concepts of two-dimensional form through creative studio work Three-Dimensional Foundations. ART 1111 1 (0-6-3) F, S. A Foundation studio course exploring the basic 3D design. elements of visual organization through three-dimensional design principles and theories using a variety of materials and processes. Painting I. ART 2050 3 (0-6-3) F, S. Introduction to oil painting as a medium of expres- Painting, Color sion, investigation of media usage, color development, variety of picture-making ideas and instruction in basic painting crafts- manship. Health and Safety in the Visual ART 2500 3 1-0-1) F, S. An introduction to health and safety issues for the Health, Safety Arts. visual artist, art educator, and individuals utilizing art supplies, technologies, and/or processes. This course is required in the first semester of study as an art major or prior to taking any 2000-level or higher art studio media course. Printmaking I. ART 2560 3 (0-6-3) F, S. Survey and exploration of methods of printmaking. Print production Research Methods and Profes- ART 2749 3 1-0-1) F, S. The Research Methods and Professional Practices Research sional Practices. course provides art students with an introduction to the basic skills necessary to document and digitally format artwork; as well as research, evaluate, and write about art in preparation for a career in Studio Art, Art Education and Art History. Course restricted to Art Majors. History of Art I. ART 2601G 3 (3-0-3) F, S. Introduction to the history of visual art through the History. 14th century. Emphasis will be placed on learning how to cor- relate the historical context of cultures with the artwork. F2 901 History of Art II. ART 2602G 3 (3-0-3) F, S. Survey of the visual arts, early Renaissance to the History. present. The emphasis in this course is on the artwork as an expression of the ideas and values of the community which produced it. Introduction to Graphic Design. ART 2910 3 (0-6-3) F, S. Concept and communication development of black- Graphic design, Color and-white compositional studies and an introduction to color applications. Graphic Abstractions. ART 2920 3 0-6-3) S. Simplification of an object into black-and-white form Color and subsequent color translations. Life Drawing. ART 2000 3 (0-6-3) F, S. Study of human form as a subject of graphic expres- Drawing sion. Use of various media in figure drawing investigated Typography I. ART 3910 3 0-6-3) F. An introduction to letterform design, including the Typeface, Readability, analysis of existing classical typefaces and the development of Symbol new variations. Emphasis will be on observations of the salient issues regarding legibility and readability, form and counterform, and what qualities and attributes constitute a font and family of type. The observations from this research will then be applied to abstract symbol design. Visualization Studies I. ART 3911 3 (0-6-3) F. An introduction to drawing of illustrations as visual Drawing, Illustrations, symbols with an emphasis on communication development and Symbol the semantics of symbol juxtapositions. Typography II. ART 3920 3 (0-6-3) S. An introduction to text and display type exercises. Typeface Emphasis will be on the development of typographic hierarchical structure within a given design problem. 20 ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
  • 21. Eastern Illinois University Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in art with option in graphic design Course Code Credits Description Keywords Visualization Studies II. ART 3921 3 (0-6-3) S. An Introduction to the application of illustration and Illustration, Symbol. symbols to the interpretation and communication of complex data. History of Graphic Design ART 3940 3 (3-0-3) F. The history of graphic design from the 19th century to History the present. Typography III. ART 4910 3 0-6-3) F. Advanced visualization studies investigating the appli- Visual communication cation of visual communication concepts to problems involving sequential relationships. Senior Portfolio. ART 4749 0 Arr.-Arr.-0) F, S. (Credit/No Credit) Students in the BFA in Studio Portfolio Art Option or Graphic Design Option demonstrate competency in the major through submission of a senior portfolio. Portfolio requirements and submission time line are available from the department office. Co-requisites: Enrollment in a 4000-level Studio Art or Graphic Design course Visualization Studies III. ART 4911 3 0-6-3) F. An introduction to the application of visual communica- Visual communica- tion concepts to three-dimensional design issues. tion, 3D Typography IV. ART 4920 3 (0-6-3) S. Advanced display and text studies investigating the Visual communi- application of visual communication concepts to problems cation, Corporate involving design systems and corporate identity. identity Visualization Studies IV. ART 4921 3 (0-6-3) S. Advanced three-dimensional visualization studies Visual communica- investigating the application of visual communication concepts tion, 3D to environmental design problems. Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales 21
  • 22. Minneapolis College of Art & Design Graphic design Course Code Credits Description Keywords Introduction to Graphic Design GRD2000 3 This course provides students with an overview of graphic Graphic design, Visual design practice. Students concentrate on building visual lan- communication, Type- guage and communication as well as the vocabulary necessary face for critical analysis. Topics covered include basic visual and typographic principles, type and image integration, composition, sequence, and craft. Students are also introduced to design pro- cess: research, ideation, iteration, refinement, and implementa- tion. Posters, mark-making, and booklets are possible outcomes of this course. Introduction to Typography GRD2010 3 This course emphasizes basic typographic principles and Typeface investigates letter-form design, word-forms, and extended text. Particular attention is directed to typographic vocabulary, type as image, typographic organization, and the utilization of supporting grid structures. Through assignments, larger projects, and cri- tiques, students are expected to demonstrate an understanding of typography as a visual tool used to enhance meaning. Typography: Hierarchy and GRD3020 3 Building on the skills learned in Introduction to Typography, this Typeface Expression course explores a variety of functional, expressive, and formal typographic issues. Perceptual, emotional, and stylistic consid- erations are covered in relation to specific concepts. Students are encouraged to develop and create content as well as create grid structures to organize complex information. A high level of typographic refinement and attention to detail is expected and determined through critique and individual discussions. Projects promote classic and expressive typography as well as found ty- pographic form. Outcomes may range from books to brochures. Graphic Design: Form and GRD3030 3 This intermediate course examines procedural frameworks for Graphic design Methods graphic communications. The course covers a range of topics including the utility of series and systems approaches, content generation models and strategies, and an expanded notion of hierarchical content. Some of the project components require student responsibility in authoring content in both language and imagery. At least one of the projects requires formal documenta- tion illustrating the design process. Project outcomes range from experimental studies in image advancement to mark-making and identity systems. 3050 Publication Design GRD3050 3 Publication design remains one of the most challenging and Graphic design complex opportunities within the larger field of graphic design. In this course, students create, conceptualize, and manage content for multiple publications. Structural systems, formats, and organizational methods are investigated as well as the creation of visual narrative through image, pacing, and sequence. Critiques and discussions of examples from the field encourage students to think globally and flexibly about systems and to ex- plore modifications to the traditional structure of books, catalogs, and magazines. Motion Graphics GRD3060 3 This course explores the dynamic integration of graphic form, Graphic design, Film, typography, and message enhanced through the manipulation Multimedia, Typeface of movement, time, sequence, and sound. These techniques are studied as integral components to the design process, resulting in compelling motion graphic narrations. Classroom demonstra- tions, critiques, and screenings enable students to develop digi- tal movies that service a wide range of applications in broadcast, narrowcast, and other film- and video-based communications. 22 ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
  • 23. Minneapolis College of Art & Design Graphic design Course Code Credits Description Keywords Design Systems GRD3070 3 Central to graphic design thinking, systems-based design Graphic Design, projects have always challenged the designer to investigate new Research, Corporate and better ways of representing complex information. These identity design systems are the crucial ingredient in the interdisciplinary practices of branding, interactive design, information design, and mapping. Classroom activities and assignments examine resource development, research analysis, information manage- ment, and ideation as parts of a larger whole. Not restricted to any one media, this course encourages students to develop a variety of solutions, guided by critique, individual discussions, and course assignments. Electronic Prepress GRD3080 3 This course provides students with a practical and compre- Digital imaging, hensive overview of the prepress process from organizing, Standards, Printing preparing, and managing digital files to achieving professional process, Typeface, quality output. Students examine techniques, standards, and Color management, terminology commonly used in printing. Other topics include Proofing, artwork preparation, printing presses and processes, font and color management, materials, formats, vendor communications, and printers’ proofs. In an attempt to demystify the printing process, students prepare an actual file for production and visit local printers. Prerequisites: Graphic Design: Form and Methods, Typography: Hierarchy and Expression Professional Practice GRD4000 3 Professional Practice is a thorough introduction to the skills Portfolio, Work expe- needed for a successful career in design. Visiting profession- rience, als, classroom discussions, and individual assignments assist students in the development of a print and online portfolio. Stu- dents are required to write all necessary supporting documents: résumé, biography, project description/labeling system, and letters to prospective employers. Students are expected to make professional portfolio presentations and practice interviewing techniques. Job search skills and professional etiquette and eth- ics are also covered. Internship GRD 4010 3 Internships provide an opportunity for students to gain practical Co-op experience in a particular career area and valuable on-the-job skills. Internships may be arranged by the Director of Career Services or initiated by students. All internships must be pre- approved through the Career Services Office. For an internship to be approved, a mentor relationship and learning experience should exist beyond a simple employment opportunity. Three- credit internships require working 135 hours at the internship site and keeping a journal of hours and activities. Advanced Graphic Design GRD 5010 3 This course focuses on complex design challenges, professional- Senior Proyect, Seminar level assignments, and design projects with multiple compo- Design nents. Students are encouraged to be entrepreneurial and to conduct research and develop innovative solutions for appropri- ate economic constituencies, users, and audiences. Students refine their voice, style, and agenda while creating a semester- long project. Professional presentations of ideas and design solutions for critique and discussion are central to this course. Project formats and media are open-ended. Senior Project GRD 5100 6 Senior Project is a capstone course for Graphic Design students Senior Proyect, that integrates the accumulated skills and knowledge obtained Design and cultivated while at MCAD. By developing a unique semester- long project, students have the opportunity to engage present and/or future career interests. Student projects are self-initiated, self-defined, and self-managed. The scale of proposed projects (scope and reach) as well as their final articulation (context, content, and form) are to be developed and executed during a 15-week work cycle. Students consult the instructor, an outside advisor, and MCAD staff for final implementation in the Com- mencement Exhibition. Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales 23
  • 24. North Carolina Agricultutal & Technical University Graphic communications systems and technological studies. Course Code Credits Description keywords Designing for Graphic Communi- GCS-110 3 This course will acquaint the student with the basic principles Layout cations and practices in the layout and design of graphic communication products. Mechanical and computer assisted processes will be introduced. Laboratory work is required for this course. Color Management GCS-120 3 This course is a study of managing color for print production. Color management It emphasizes theory of color, color models, color generations, color corrections, color matching, color separations, and color proofing. Graphic Communications Tech- GCS-130 3 Basic principles of graphic design, pre-press preparation, repro- Graphic design, Lay- nology duction methods, and bindery operation are taught in a labora- out, Printing process, tory setting. Historical, socioeconomic, organizational and career Finishing opportunities in graphic communications and allied industries are investigated in reference to graphic communications, busi- ness and industries. Laboratory work is required. Introduction to Drafting Technol- GCS-133. 3 Basic orthographic projection is emphasized. This course is an Drawing, Geometry ogy introduction to drafting technology tools and procedures. Other topics include lettering, geometric construction, pictorials, auxil- iaries, sections, and dimensioning. Drafting of Geometrical Entities GCS-233. 3 This course will emphasize representation of common geo- Drawing, Geometry metrical entities with points, lines, planes, solids, sectional auxiliary projection, revolution, pictorial drawing, intersection and development. Computer Aided Drafting GCS-234 3 This course presents an introduction to computer-aided drafting CAD and design applications. Emphasis is placed on orthographic projections, various coordinate systems, blocks, multilines, and layers. Screen Printing Technology GCS-250 3 This course provides broad and thorough knowledge and skills Screen to transfer images through a stencil to a substrate. Techniques of screen preparations, screen exposing, and screen printing will be studied. Technical Communication GCS-292 3 This course is designed to develop the student’s proficiency in Research researching, organizing, writing, and presenting documents in various areas of technology. Introduction to Photographic GCS-330 3 This course is designed to acquaint the beginner with the funda- Photography Imaging mental processes of photographic imaging. Historical evolution and modern uses of photography will be studied. Nomenclature, theory and application in picture composition, imaging, and pre- sentation methods will be explored. Legal, safety, and market- ing aspects of photography will be addressed. Each student is required to provide a camera with adjustable f-stops and shutter speeds. Laboratory work is required. Advanced Photographic Imaging GCS-331 3 Basic principles of pre-press imaging for mass reproduction Digital imaging purposes are highlighted and reinforced in a laboratory setting. Theories of production, line and halftone copy are applied in class. Alternative technical systems for pre-press image prepa- ration will also be examined. Laboratory is required. Digital Image Editing GCS-332 3 Editing images using digital technology is taught. Hands-on ac- Digital imaging, tivities are implemented to learn image manipulation techniques. Retouching Electric/Electronic Drafting GCS-333 3 Emphasis is on drawing and design of electronic equipment Industrial design and devices found in the manufacturing, installation, and maintenance industries. Topics include symbols, basic circuits, industrial controls, wiring diagrams, printed circuits, integrated circuits, and electrical building construction wiring diagrams. 24 ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar
  • 25. North Carolina Agricultutal & Technical University Graphic communications systems and technological studies. Course Code Credits Description keywords Architectural Drafting GCS-334 3 Principles of planning residential structures and developing Architectural design production working drawings are stressed. Course topics include the design of floor plans, environmental system layouts (heat- ing and air conditioning), and service system plans (plumbing and electrical). Additionally, issues concerning cost estimation, building codes, and general construction techniques will be introduced. Flexographic Package and Spe- GCS 416 3 This course is designed to develop proficiency in flexographic Flexo cialty Printing printing and design. It includes the flexographic market, prod- ucts, substrates, and inks. Web Design for Graphic Commu- GCS 418 3 This course is designed to provide tight integration of graphic Web nications communications applications and streamlined workflow for students to build Web sites. Students will be able to create interactive graphics and animations. Technical Illustration and Design GCS-430. 3 The principles of graphic design, including design process, color, Color, Graphic design, type and art components are discussed. Advanced techniques in Typeface computer application and design software are also covered. Geometric Dimensioning and GCS-433 3 This course is a study of the use of basic geometric dimension- Geometry Tolerancing ing and tolerancing practices and procedures. Students will learn how to analyze a mechanical drawing with regard to the standards currently used in industry and manufacturing, and how to apply these dimensions and notations to a drawing Advanced Architectural Drafting GCS-434 3 This course deals with the planning of industrial, commercial Architectural design and public buildings. Topics include construction and design principles, materials specifications and codes; complete plans (plot, landscaping, framing, electrical and mechanical equip- ment), details (reinforced concrete, timber and steel), advanced perspective rendering, analytical study of historical and contem- porary architecture, materials and methods, and engineering. Architectural Design and Model- GCS-435. 3 Planning and structural design problems of buildings and their Architectural design ing relationship to other buildings and space are emphasized. Urban and rural planning are studied. Landscape and townscape projects are carried to working detail with emphasis placed on techniques of model construction. Machine Design and Drafting GCS-533 3 Lecture and laboratory work includes advanced machine draw- Industrial design ings, and dimensions, tolerance of fasteners, analysis of motion and motion diagrams. This course includes welding and numeri- cal control, bearings, couplings, gears, jigs and fixtures, and die design. Fundamentals of computer aided design are included. Cartographic Drafting and Design GCS-534 3 This course includes an introduction to design and draft- Industrial design ing related to the fields of surveying and cartography. Topics include: topographical maps, contours, plat and plot layouts, and surveying and mapping notations. All work will be drawn using a computer aided design system. Tool and Machine Design GCS-536 3 Fundamentals of tool design, cutting tools, punches and die Industrial design design, gage design, jigs and fixtures, indexing and coding pro- cedures are emphasized. Design, assembly and detail drawings of machines, tools and parts are studied. Principles of Ink Technology GCS-575 3 This course is the study of ink and ink manufacturing technol- Ink ogy; theory and principles of ink properties, and applications in the graphic industry. Principles of Paper Technology GCS-580 3 Study of paper and paper manufacturing technology. Theory and Paper principles of paper properties and applications in the graphic communications industry will be studied. Estudio comparativo de los contenidos relativos a la Industria Gráfica ofertados por Universidades Internacionales 25
  • 26. North Carolina Agricultutal & Technical University Graphic communications systems and technological studies. Course Code Credits Description keywords Principles of Ink and Paper GCS 581 3 This course is a study of ink and paper. It includes manufacturing Substrates Technology technology, properties, and applications of ink and paper as they relate to graphic communications. Graphic Communications Produc- GCS-585 3 This course will acquaint the student with production systems Production tion Management management in graphic communications. Human and technical aspects of project management will be studied. Comparison of small and large graphic communications production will also be studied. Estimating in Graphic Communi- GCS-590. 3 Cost estimating in graphic communications identifies compo- Cost estimation cations nents of imaging and printing technologies that constitute a manufactured product in the graphic industry. Variables within each of the components will be explored. Appropriate math- ematical formulas will be introduced for pricing out production projects to improve cost controls, production techniques, and insure company profitability. 26 ITGT Instituto Tecnológico y Gráfico Tajamar