- The document summarizes Muhammad Adeel's internship experience sampling soils and testing soils and water at the Soil and Water Testing Laboratory in Layyah, Pakistan. - The lab's equipment was old and results were not always satisfactory due to lack of funding, but it had necessary equipment for testing soil properties like pH, organic matter, phosphorus, and texture. - Adeel learned techniques for collecting soil and water samples and testing them in the lab to determine nutrients, contaminants, and other properties following standard procedures. - He gained hands-on experience that contributed to his education, and he expressed gratitude to the laboratory staff and his teachers.

1. Soil and water analysis
M.ADEEL
10-arid-969
Dept. Soil Science & Soil
Water Conservation
PMAS Arid Agriculture University
Rawalpindi

2. Internship In Soil & Water
Testing Laboratory Layyah
Muhmmad Adeel
1o-arid-969
BSc(Hons.)Agriculture
7th semester
Internship duration
31-07-13 to 30-09-13

3. Introduction About Soil and
Water Sampling and Field Visit
• Soil sampling was not difficult but it was new
experience for me.
• Weather was so hot and I was in field at 12:00
p.m clock.
• Without feeling any hesitations I just concentrate
on our work which was assign to the District
Officer Dept. of Soil & Water Conservation
Laboratory Dr Abdul Ghafar.

4. Infrastructure Of Soil & Water
Testing lab Layyah
• Building of Soil & Water testing lab consist of
 1 soil & water testing sample preparation room

1 Soil & Water Testing room

2 room for agriculture officers

1 room for District Agriculture officer

5. Soil & Water Testing Laboratory
Equipments
 Lab equipment was not in good condition due to lack of
fund.
 There equipment has become olds and experiment result
are not satisfactory.
 Soil testing lab has almost necessary equipment like PH
meter ,EC meter, spectrophotometer, flame photo meter,
shaker .
 All types of glassware is also available in lab.

6. Establishment Staff Soil & Water
Testing Lab
District Agriculture Officer
2 Agriculture Officers
2 Lab Attendants
1 Lab Technician

7. Experimental Procedures Of Soil planning
• Two sample was taken on one place,first was on 1 to
6 inch and second was 6 to 12 inch.
• Both sample was collected in separate plastic bag.
• On plastic bag number was mention with pointer for
identification.
• Almost 7 sample was collected in one plot.
• 70 to 80 sample was collected in farmer field which
was 12 acre

8. • After drying, granding,sieving the sample they
are used for test.
• Soil organic matter, soil phosphorus and soil
textured ,soil Ec and soil pH was find.

9. Procedure to find the soil phosphorus
• Weigh the 2.5 g soil.
• Add 50ml NACHO3
• Shake for 30 Mint .
• Filter the soil solution
• Add the 5ml filtrate in 25 ml volumetric flask.

10. • ADD the 5ml mix reagent in flask.
• Before adding the mix reagent in flask 0.264g
ascorbic acid is added in 50 ml mix reagent.
• Make the volume 25ml.
• Blank is also prepared.

11. Continue
• Then note the reading on spectrophoto meter
. Note the reading check on graph then multiply
with 100.
• Volume of flask
× NACHO3
ppm of p in soil
Volume of soil filtrate Weight of soil

12. Criteria of P for soil
poor
medium
adequate
0-7
8-13
14-36
Soil Texture & Phosphorus
low
Medium
heavey
Sandy loam, sandy
loam
Clay loam

13. Soil Organic Matter
• Take 1g soil
• Add 10ml K2Cr2O7 and shake.
• Add 20 ml H2SO4 and shake.
• Add 200 ml water and shake.
• after cooling add 0.7 g NaF and shake.
• Also put the few drop of indicator.

14. Continue
• Blank is also prepared.
• Titrate by FeSO4 , first blank then sample.
• After titration note the reading.
• We can find the organic matter by using this
formula.
(blank – reading)o.698

15. Water Analysis
CO3• TAKE the 10 ml water in conical flask
• Add the few drop of indicator phenolphthalein
• If pink color appear CO3- is present .
• If pink color appears then titrate by H2SO4 until
colorless.
• 0.8 × reading= CO3-

16. Water Analysis……Continue
HCO3• By using the same flask add the few drop of
methyl orange
• Titrate with 0.o1n H2SO4 .
• when brick like color is induce then note the
reading
• by using this formula
• (reading × 0.4)=HCO3-

17. Ca+Mg
• Take 10 ml water in petri dish from sample
• Put the 1 to 2 drop of buffer solution.
• Then put 1to 2 drop of chrome black.
• The titration should takes place with burrate, in
burrate EDTA solution is used.
• When the color of water is green blackish.

18. Continue
TSS
EC
100
= TSS
Na
Na= Tss – (Ca+Mg)

19. RSC
• (CO3- + HCO3-) – (Ca+Mg)
• SAR= Na
√(Ca+Mg)
2
Cl-
• To the same flask addd few drop of indicater patassium
chromate.
• Titrate by silver nitrate AgNO3
• Titrate until brick red color.

20. Textured of soil
SANDY SOIL
SANDY LOAM
LOAM
CLAYEY LOAM CLAYEY
≥ 20 ml water
is used
20ml to 30 ml
water is used
30 ml to 40ml
water is used
40 to 45 ml
water is used
760ml water
is used

21. SPECIAL THANKS
TO
MY TEACHERS
• Chairman Dept Of S.S & S&WC
Prof.Dr. Saleem Akhtar
•
&
• Prof.Dr.Gulam Jailani
•&
• Dr.Muhammad Irbil

22. ALSO SPECIAL THANKS
TO
Establishment Staff Of Soil & Water
Testing Labs
• Dr.Abdul Gafar (D.O)
• Mam.Farah (A.O)
• Ashraf Bhatti (A.O)
• & M.Ameen & Ghulam Farid (Lab Assistant)