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3. BACKGROUND
MATLAB, which stands for MATrix LABoratory, is a
software package developed by MathWorks.
This software package was used initially for numerical
computations as well as some symbolic manipulation.
The collection of programs (primarily in Fortran) that
eventually became MATLAB were developed in the late
1970s by Cleve Moler, who used them in a numerical
analysis course he was teaching at the University of New
Mexico.
Jack Little and Steve Bangert later reprogrammed these
routines in C, and added M-files, toolboxes, and more
powerful graphics (original versions created plots by
printing asterisks on the screen).
Moler, Little, and Bangert founded MathWorks in
California in 1984.
If we get a job in a particular field of engineering
, university or industry we will mostly used specialized
software.
4. Why MATLAB ?
Ease of Use
User Friendly
Platform Independence
Predefined Functions
Device-Independent Plotting
Graphical User interface
MATLAB Compiler
Why not MATLAB
Has some drawbacks:
Slow for some kinds of processes
Cost effective
5. Introduction
What Is MATLAB?
MATLAB (MATrix LABoratory)
Flexibility to solve a large number of
problems
High-level technical computing
language and interactive environment
high-performance language for technical
computing
Good Tool for visualization
Computation and programming is an
easy-to-use environment
Has computational and graphical tools
Handles real and complex
scalars, vectors and matrices
Script Language is relatively easy to learn
6. Introduction
Typical uses include:
Simple calculation
Plotting and analyzing mathematical
relationships (2D and 3D)
List and Matrix operations
Writing script files (a type of Programming)
Symbolic manipulation of Equations
Mathematical Computations
Algorithm development
Modelling, simulation, and prototyping
Data analysis, exploration, and visualization
Scientific and engineering graphics
Application development, including Graphical User
Interface building
7. MATLAB Worldwide
Aerospace and Defense
Automotive
Biotech, Medical, and
Pharmaceutical
Chemical and Petroleum
Communications
Computers and Office Equipment
Education
Electronics and Semiconductor
Financial Services
Industrial Equipment and
Machinery
Instrumentation
Utilities and Energy
8. Introduction to some basic
matrix operators and
other tools
• Some important matrix operations
• Introduction to some operators
• Introduction to M-file editor
• Editing and debugging M-files
• Basic plotting functions
• Creating plot
• Editing plot
8
9. Basic Matlab Operations
>> % This is a comment, it starts with a “%”
>> y = 5*3 + 2^2; % simple arithmetic
>> x = [1 2 4 5 6]; % create the vector “x”
>> x1 = x.^2; % square each element in x
>> E = sum(abs(x).^2); % Calculate signal energy
>> P = E/length(x); % Calculate av signal power
>> x2 = x(1:3); % Select first 3 elements in x
11. Introduction
The MATLAB environment provides a wide variety of
techniques to display data graphically.
Interactive tools enable you to manipulate graphs to
achieve results that reveal the most information about your
data.
You can also annotate and print graphs for
presentations, or export graphs to standard graphics
formats for presentation in Web browsers or other media.
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12. Creating a Graph
The type of graph you choose to create depends on the nature of
your data and what you want to reveal about the data.
You can choose from many predefined graph types, such as
line, bar, histogram, and pie graphs as well as 3-D graphs, such
as surfaces, slice planes, and streamlines.
There are two basic ways to create MATLAB graphs:
Use the command interface to enter commands in the
Command Window or create
plotting programs.
Use plotting tools to create graphs interactively.
20. Simulink
Introduction
Simulink software models, simulates, and analyzes
dynamic systems.
It enables us to pose a question about a system, model
the system, and see what happens.
With Simulink, we can easily build models from
scratch, or modify existing models to meet your needs.
Simulink supports linear and nonlinear
systems, modeled in continuous time, sampled time, or a
hybrid of the two.
Systems can also be multirate having different parts that
are sampled or updated at different rates.
21. Simulink
Thousands of scientists and engineers around the world use
Simulink to model and solve real problems in a variety of
industries, including:
Aerospace and Defense
Automotive
Communications
Electronics and Signal Processing
Medical Instrumentation
22. Starting and Running
Simulink
Type the following at the Matlab
command prompt
>> simulink
The Simulink library should appear
Click File-New to create a new
workspace, and drag and drop objects
from the library onto the workspace.
Selecting Simulation-Start from the
pull down menu will run the dynamic
simulation. Click on the blocks to
view the data or alter the run-time
parameters
23. Signals and Systems in
Simulink
Two main sets of libraries for building
simple simulations in Simulink:
• Signals: Sources and Sinks
• Systems: Continuous and Discrete
24. Basic Simulink Example
Copy “sine wave” source and “scope”
sink onto a new Simulink work space
and connect.
Set sine wave parameters modify to 2
rad/sec
Run the simulation:
Simulation - Start
Open the scope and leave open while
you change parameters (sin or
simulation parameters) and re-run
Many other Simulink demos …
29. Presentation
Outline
Section Overview
Expected background from the Users
Studying Components of the Communication System
BER : As performance evaluation Technique
Scatter Plot
Simulating a Communication Link….Examples
BERTool : A Bit Error Rate GUI
31. Analog Communication
System
Signal De-
Modulation
Source Modulation
This may be any analog signal such as Sine
wave, Cosine Wave, Triangle Wave………………..
32. Analog
Modulation/Demodulation
Functions
ammod Amplitude modulation
amdemod Amplitude demodulation
fmmod Frequency modulation
fmdemod Frequency demodulation
pmmod Phase modulation
pmdemod Phase demodulation
ssbmod Single sideband amplitude Mod
ssbdemod Single sideband amplitude DeMod
34. Images in MATLAB
• Binary images :{0,1}
• Intensity images : [0,1] or uint8, double etc.
• RGB images : m-by-n-by-3
• Indexed images : m-by-3 color map
35. Images and Matrices
Accesing image elements
X
(row, column)
>> A(2,1)
ans = 4 Y
: can be used to extract a whole
column or row
>> A(:,2)
ans =2
A=
5
1 2 3
8 4 5 6
or a part of a column or row 7 8 9
>> A(1:2,2)
ans =2
36. Flow Control
Flow control in MATLAB
- for loops
for row=1:3
for col=1:3
if row==col
A(row, col)=1; A=
elseif abs(row-col)==1
A(row, col)=2; 1 2 0
2 1 2
else
0 2 1
A(row, col)=0;
end
end
end