These slides deals with Linguistic and one of four primary skills used to teach students.Speech is one of primary skills. Modern educationists are of the view that because of speaking skills we can learn reading and writing skills easily.

1. SPEAKING
skills

2. SPEECH IS PRIMARY,
ORIGINAL, UNDERIVED
AND THE ONLY ONE OF
THE SKILLS THAT CAN
BE SELF-SUFFICIENT IN
PRACTICE

3. THE SPEAKING SKILLS
A person who can speak English can:
Produce the characteristic English speech
sounds and sound patterns both in isolation
and combination.
Use appropriate stress and intonation
patterns.
Use appropriate words and structures to
express the intended meanings.
Recall words and structures.
Organize thoughts and ideas into logical
sequence.
Adjust speech according to audience.

4. TECHNIQUES OF
TEACHING SPEECH SKILL
STAGE ONE: IMITATIVE PRACTICE
ORAL EXERCISES AND GAMES
Matching games.
Oral guessing games.
Simple repetition drill.
Substitution drill.
Question answer drill.
Situational.

5. STAGE 2: COMMUNICATIVE PRACTICE
EXERCISES
oROLE-PLAY-EXERCISES.
oDIALOGUES.
oDISCUSSIONS.
oCHAIN STORIES.
oTELLING JOKES.
oTALKS/LECTURES

6. SUGGESTIONS FOR DEVELOPING SPOKEN ENGLISH
 Practice in early stages of learning
should be limited.
 Practice in isolated periods, or of
meaninglessness words or sounds
deadens the interest in the new
language learning.
 By hearing teacher’s sentences,
pupil can get initial contact with the
flow of speech.

7. KEY ACTIVITIES TO LEARN
CORRECT PRONUNCIATION AND
INTONATION ARE:
HEARING
IMITATION
REPETITION
Sound differences could be
carefully handled.
.

8. TEACHER NEEDS TO KEEP CONTROL OVER
LEARNING PROCESS BY CORRECTING
PUPIL’S MISTAKE AND NEEDS TO ARRANGE
CORRECT PRACTICE EXERCISE INDIRECTLY.
USE THE WORDS IN RIGHT PLACE AT THE
RIGHT MOMENT. IT HELPS IN ACQUIRING A
SOUND LANGUAGE HABIT.

9. TEACHING ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION
Those illitrate people who mispronounce their words
should make an effort to learn the correct
pronunciation. Educationists who holds that absolutely
correct pronunciation should not demanded in the
beginning because it is difficult for the young learners.
There are two types of pronunciation:
 STANDARD PRONUNCIATION
 RECEIVED PRONUNCIATION

10. PROBLEMS OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION
Sometimes the words pronounced are alike but they are spelled
differently and vise versa.
 There are difficulties with:
 New vowel and consonant sounds: English has certain
vowels and consonants sounds which do not occur in the mother or
national tongue. these sounds presents difficulty for students.
 Stress:The stress system in is different in English than mother
language.
The stress in English carries meaning e.g. ‘rebel, re’bel. If we stress 1st
syllable, it is noun, but if we tress 2nd syllable it becomes a verb.

11.  Intonation:
The intonation of English is also different than that of mother language.
It is rightly said that it is easy to master sounds but it is very difficult to
master the stress, rhythm and intonation pattern.
 Rhythm:
It is very difficult for the learners to master the rhythms of English as his
own language is syllable-timed.
 Orthography:
English is not a phonetic language, that is, the pronunciation of a word is
not a combination of various letters. For ex: the words knife, enough. the
spellings are not a sure guide to its pronunciation.

12. METHODS TO REMOVE DIFFICULTIES
1. Importance of teacher’s
model
2. Model of pronunciation to
be followed
3. Emphasis on pronunciation
4. Using audio-visual aids

13. 5.TEACHING DIFFICULT SOUNDS
THE DIFFICULT SOUNDS FOR STUDENTS ARE THOSE THAT DO NOT OCCUR IN HIS
MOTHER LANGUAGE E.G. VOWELS, DIPHTHONG AND CONSONANT SOUNDS.
 Step 1-Production of the new sound by the teacher:
The teacher speaks a number of words containing the new sound.The
sounds are also told the position of various speech organs in producing
the sounds e.g. in producing /w/, lips are closely rounded as in whistling
in producing /v/, the lower lip is pressed against the upper teeth.
o Step 2-Production of the new sound by the students:
Students are asked to speak the words containing the new sounds after
the teacher.

14.  Step 3-Presentation of minimal pair:
As some sounds are confusing they should be presented in
minimal pairs.
MINIMAL PAIR- a pair of words which differ from each other in
one sound only, the position of the sound remaining the same,
e.g. bed, bad, good, god.
 Step 4-Testing:
The teacher speaks a word from one column and asks the
students to speak out the corresponding word from the column.

15. Conclusion:
Speech is one of
primary skills. Modern educationists
are of the view that because of
speaking skills we can learn reading
and writing skills easily.