1. A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE ARGEMIRO AMAYA BUELVAS Especialista en ELT C. Magister in Education

2. A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE DEFINING CONCEPTS 1. What reading is. 2. Why we read. 3. Skills Vs Strategy 4. Metacognition – Metacognitive Process _ The Importance and dimensions of Metacognitive ability 5. Reference Guide to Reading Strategies 6. Exercise – SKIMMING

3. A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE Reading is... “the action or skill of reading” (Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 2008, p.1196). “the skill or activity of getting information from books” (Cambridge International Dictionary of English, 1995, pp. 1178-1179). “reading” is the construction of meaning from print (Torgensen, Wagner &Rashotte, 1999).

4. A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE Reading is... “the ability to comprehend the thought and feelings of others through the medium of written text” (The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 1994). Gibson and Levin (1975) assume that “reading is extracting information from text”. “Understanding a written text means extracting the required information from it as efficiently as possible” Grellet (1981)

7. A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE Reduce the confusion while offering an analysis that highlights the commonalities and distinctiveness of each term. Skills are... “Reading skills are automatic actions that result in decoding and comprehension with speed, efficiency, and fluency and usually occur without awareness of the components or control involved”. “Reading skills operate without the reader’s deliberate control or conscious awareness”.

8. A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE Reduce the confusion while offering an analysis that highlights the commonalities and distinctiveness of each term. Strategies are... “Reading strategies are deliberate, goal-directed attempts to control and modify the reader’s efforts to decode text, understand words, and construct meanings of text”. “Strategies are conscious, controllable processes used to self-regulate reading for the purpose of attaining a specific cognitive goal (e.g., see Alexander et al., 1998; Pressley, 2000; Trabasso & Bouchard, 2002). ”.

9. SKILLS VS STRATEGIES Skill Strategy - Observable behaviours (answers to questions, answers on tests, skills list, and taxonomies). - A conscious plan under the control of the reader. - Product- oriented. - Generally thought to be unobservable. - Process-oriented. - Instructions focus on ways to help students understand what they read.

10. A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE Metacognition According to O'Malley, et al., "students without metacognitive approaches are essentially learners without direction or opportunity to review their progress, accomplishments, and future directions" (1985, p. 561).

11. A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE Metacognition Metacognition is "cognition about cognition," or "thinking about thinking.” “an awareness of what skills, strategies, and resources are needed to perform a task effectively; and the ability to use self-regulatory mechanisms to ensure successful completion of a task” (p. 345) . Metacognitive instruction about how and why to use strategies can be quite effective (NICHD, 2000).

12. A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE Metacognition Two dimensions: (1) knowledge of cognition (2) regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1978). The first aspect of metacognition, "knowledge about cognition," includes three components "declarative," "procedural," and "conditional" (Paris, Lipson, and Wixson, 1983). .

13. METACOGNITIVE SKILLS

15. Scanning

16. Topics vs Main Idea

17. Finding Details

18. Finding The Main Idea

19. Inferencing

20. Supporting Main ideas

21. Patterns of Organization

22. Understanding Facts and Opinions

24. THANK YOU. I DO APPRECIATE YOUR INTEREST.