A definitive explanation of the difference in using solid granular forms of fertilizer versus liquid fertilizers, their effectiveness and efficiency in the soil.

1. W yh iL q sdiu Wo kr eB tt !re
hT is i vertrohsas i fowe yhwdnawoh il uq i snacstcudorpsd re ev to sol ev som pe r bo le sm in dnafruT
atnemanrO l tref iliz pre r argo sm .
Li uq i sd sv . unarG l ra lP eca m ne t fo rtuN i stne :
pehT l tobfotnemeca trefh i il ez r ewsas ll a ms icr tuno ri stne ebyam a pmocc li dehs i arenegowtn l .syaw
unarG lar tam erial as r ppae il de rd y a dn mu ts eb pa p il de ddna i ss ol ev d aft re pl osehtnotnemeca li , hw li e
il uq i ,sd a er ppa li ade l gno wit th eh irri tag ion wat ure sing a tref i tag io ometsysn r yb usi agn sp ar y tank.
unarG lar
W unargneh l ra i ehtdesus ppa il cati no is us au ll y af irly hi arhg te in tredro o make sure ht ta t eh gr una lar
ap rticles are s edaerp ev nly o ev r ht e surface of t eh rg o dnu . T ebo eff tce iv te unargeh l tamra erial tsum
di oss lve na d be c ra ried into ht e r too z eno . T eh re i ons of li deefra i gn wi ehtht arg un l ra . unargehT lar
p ra ticles ra e ev ne le ss e ff ici tne w tneh eh ref ti il z re is on rpt li l etamsuonegomoh,de rial. trapehT icl se
byam e na i cn troh wo rapa t if e ev nly di ts ri ub te cad r usehtsso rfa ec of uta rf ra ea. tynaM i hsem i hg
ppafosetar lication ra e us ebde c ua se o dehtf i ff icul yt of ps r ae di tgn eh rg a un lar ref tiliz re .s noaeraehT
hw i ehthc p tra icle re sts may be trefrevo i il aehtdnadez r ae in b wte nee the rap ticl se may eb dnu re
ref ti il z de . T eh re us lt can be sa p ad,detto rk dna li hg t gr ee n tu fr . Thi dnocs iti no,nacno og lf gr nee ,s
cr ae te bump dnocy iti no s by the after noon .
nretsewehtnI Uni det tfohcumsetatS h tawe e ar nd c no s qe eu ntly eht os li ac n ah ev very hi hg Hp
av l hw,seu unargynamne l trefra ili srez that c no tai un r oae r even ts ba iliz de ru ea a er placed ehtno
tfoecafrus he gr nuo d acaerueht, n con c no vert to a mm no ia as aga s. %09revO o htf i nommas i saga
HN( 3 ebnac) l tso evendna r pl ca de into ht e so li . This is related ot b to h eht hi hehtdnaHphg i hg
tem rep ta ur .e nU l eruehtsse a is di ss ol ev d na d ac rr i de d wo n i tn o eht soil pr fo ile srevnoceht ion can be
rapid a dn result in v re y in ffe icient ut ili taz i no of t eh fert ili ez r. T eh usernacetafemas lt i ehtn l fosso
ehtfohcum ca idi nommac i mu i no ( HN 4
+
tref) i il rez s pl hnodeca i osHphg li esuaceb fohcum eht
a nomm i mu i no stcaer wi xordyhehtht i ed ion i tn he so li dna i nommaotdetrevnocs i hcumdnasaga of
t nommaeh ia ac n eb l ttso o eht pl na ts. Thi borps l me is detabrecaxe u dn ohre t a dn rd y co dn iti no s.
gretfA ranul ra fert ili ez r ah s b nee pl h,tohnodeca i osHphg li s it i ssops ibl emsote ll nommaeht ia ht at is
cr ae t de na d ultimately l pehtottso l tna tam eria .l
arpS y A snoitacilpp
A pp il tac i sno of il uq id f re ti il ez r a dn os lutions of micro un tri ne st no ro man ne tals dna ut r saeraf
vorp i omaed r snoce i neve,tnets app il cati no ht na geht r una lar tam erial .s T eh n tu ri ne erast
al ydaer i osn l tu i no na d eht spray app il cati no yam eb ev ne ly ppa lied to rut f are sa na d no
atnemanro ls. Sol bu l efe rt ili ez r ams tsujdaeby e txeotd r eme ly l ocwo nce tn rations in t eh yarps
os l tu ion hw i hwhc li e rp vo idi gn n assece r tuny rie ,stn minimizes the op ss ib ili yt of ts ress. W neh
eht tref i il ez r solutions era a pp il otde ht e so li in a spray ro with f re ti ag tion ro orciM“ - ”noitagitreF
atnemanroot l utros rf snoc, i tnets dna e ev n org tw h is bo s re v de with uo orehtt ll er- etsaoc r tceffe
t ah t may be obs re dev with h ae vier gr na ul ra a pp il cation .s SSlioSauqA iuqil d srezilitref
vorp i cdaorbaed hoi ec of ylhgih c no tnec rated soluti sno hcihw may eb d li ehtotdetu pr repo
c no ce tn rati no slevel ot orp vi ed eht cen e ss ra y tun rien st erahcihw re uq i der by t eh plan st .

2. “Mi treForc i tag ion”
ehT ssecorp fo eht dda iti no fo fe tr ili ez r dna mic unor tri ne st al gno with t eh irri tag ion water in
yrev l wo tnecnoc r ta ion, ef rti tag i ,no is a widely a tpecc de met doh of f re ti il zati no in rga icultu er ,
tub the tpecnoc dah ton be ne a cc pe ted in uteht rf na d l na acsd ep in ud ts ry bec ua es of the rae ly
sdohtem fo hi hg tnecnoc r ta i no a pp il tac io sn t ah t w re e us de . ehT initial ta t stpme to uti il ez
ef tr i tag i no tem wi ht gram i an l ,sseccus esuaceb ebyam a uf ll nuop d fo nitr go ne saw a pp il ed in
a si gn le nig th of irri ag tion. deeN l sse ot yas if the s rp inkler voc are eg saw ton rep fe tc eb c ua es
fo a kcuts daeh ro eht wi dn bl ,we the cov egare saw in oc nsi ts e tn at eb ts . ynaM smetsys taht
erew i atsn ll ewde r abae nodn ed in ot tal rf tsu rati no .
ehT esu fo eht dohtem saw ta a dnats ts li l tnu il eht l eta 791 0 s’ w eh n a en w oc nc pe ,t
rciM o itreF gation, saw i ecudortn d yb T mo uL bin. hT is ssecorp saw si pm ly to i tcejn ht e il uq id
ref t ili ez r in txe r eme ly ams ll tnauq ities per nig th of ppa il cati no . roF pmaxe l ,e a lamron
a pp il tac i no usi gn orciM F itre g ita on uow ld dda 10.0 or 0.02 uop nds of nitr go ne ro le ss ep r
ppa il tac i no dna uow ld pots w neh a total of 0. 52 lbs of N ah d eeb n ppa il de . T eh proce ss
uohs l uofotowtekatd r ,skeew i tcejn i gn th eer uofro r ni hg st in su cc e ss ion ae hc w ee k.
ppA il de in ht is hsaf i ,no the nitr nego c na on w eb us de sa t eh ultimate gro tw h r uge lat ro . T eh
repus i tnednetn or am i ecnanetn ennosrep l c na co tn rol gro tw h wh li e ts i ll rp vo iding col ro to bo ht
frut dna emanro ntals. W neh eht wi ed nitr nego ws ings, ac us de yb o cc asi ano l, lar eg arg un lar
ro il uq id ppa il tac i no s was m redo ta ed, t eh plant’s deen f ro a ll other un tri ne st in pr po ortio an l
tnauq ities saw erom in cnys h. ehT il thg c no si ts ent nit negor fe de i gn with no gre ta ahc egn s
nac eh lp ot ortnoc l os li Hp dna ekam eht hpsohp o sur dna ot eh r mic or nutri ne st much more
ava li able t hto e pla tn s.
T eh ouq te, A" elttil si g doo , a l to is bet et r", dah neeb eht a cc e tp ed met oh d fo a pp il cation fo
nitr ego n- sab de fertiliz re s in t eh tsap . This em thod of orciM F itre g ita on saw na i tnatropm
al taret i no fo tref ili taz i no sdohtem ton no ly in ut rf b tu a ll rga o on ym ceb ua se it a ll o sw eht p re son
in egrahc fo eht pa p il cati no to vah e co tn rol of t eh rate of gro tw h. The be ts thi gn a ob ut usi gn
eht ni negort sa the htworg uger l ta ro is th ta if the rg two h dr po ,s t eh rate of gro tw h c na eb
i desaercn aga in yb eht f il p fo a ws i ct h on t eh f re tig ta i no tsys em na d t eh dda ition fo tsuj
ehtona r pa p il tac i no of fert ili z re . T eh eb ts qu to e oba tu orciM F itre gation saw morf a og lf
esruoc repus inten ned t w oh ias d tI" nac be esu d ekil a p nia t b ur s .h fI tila t mel o er oc lor or
tdeenIlla,dedeensihtworg o od nrutsi on t eh s sy t .me "
tI tsum eb derebmemer taht in or red ot mreted i en eht tnauq i yt fo nitr go en een d de to provide
eht reporp htworg dna oc l ro desired for t eh parti uc l ra fac ili yt , it is en ce ass ry to ma ek a il ght
ppa il tac i ,no yas 0. 52 lbs of nitrog ne , na d obs re ev the er ps no se. nO ly tfa er this bo s re vati no
w lli it eb ssop ible ot ed t re mi en t eh pr epo r a pp il tac i no rate. T eh i aed l level s uoh ld be ap-
dehcaorp f ehtmor l swo i .ed asyawlanacuoY" dd om ,er it rahsi d tiekatot fo "f .
T eh " rciM Fo itre g ita on" metsys a ll swo rof eht fir ts ti ,em ennosrep l ah vi gn t eh reporp t oo l ot
ekam eht yrev ams ll a pp il tac i no r seta ssecen ra y to eb able to c no trol the rate of gro tw h.
ehT tsedrah ht i gn ot teg poep le ot od is to tuhs off t eh i tcejn ion tsys em a dn a ll ow the pla stn ot
dnopser to the erp vi uo s a pp il tac io .sn tI tsum eb derebmemer ,taht wi ht eht tpecnoc fo
ciM ro itreF gation, eht ppa il tac i no fo a auq rter fo a dnuop of ferti il zer s uoh ld take na e tx e edn d
rep i do fo ti em ot pa pl .y ehT ppa il tac i no ta ev ry low cnoc ne trati sno a ll swo the fert ili z re to be

3. pl deca repeed in eht os il dna m ero ev ne ly th na was op ss ible eb fo er . esuaceB fo the low
tartnecnoc i no fo eht tref ili ez r in eht irri tag ion taw er, it is op ss ible ot ekam v re y ev pne lacem ne t
fo the ef rti il ez r, e nev no so li s t ah t av ry rg tae ly in clay oc nt ne .t W neh ht e nitr go ne is plac de
,repeed eht srevnoc i no fo nomma i mu i no to nitr eta nac ekat pl eca at a om re tnoc ro ll de rate.
hT is is ssop ible bec ua se t eh temperat eru is ooc ler ed repe in t eh os li , a dn t eh rate of
srevnoc i no i efehtf rtili rez i ss lower at t eh l ewo r et epm rature.
ehT tsom ffe ici tne dohtem fo ppa il tac i no fo ferti il ez r is with a orp op itr o lan ef rtigation
sy mets , tub a troporpnon i ano l tsys em nac eb edam ot give e cx ell ne t resul .st ehT smetsys
nac eb edam no yna l eve l fo hpos i ts i tac i no fr mo r nnu i gn t eh f re ti il z re dire tc ly into a wet well ot
eht tsom pmoc l xe oporp rti ano l wmetsys i mht ixi bapacgn ili yt i .sknategarotsehtn ohtsuJ w raf
eht ep r nos stnaw ot ekat eht sed i ng fo eht smetsys w lli de dnep pu no the ed sires of t eh
ennosrep l dna the egdub t il mitati no .s ehT retaw dna os li Hp dna the as lt c no te tn of t eh water
u des rof i rr i tag i no re ts ri tc t eh r use l st that w lli eb bo s re ev d. Wi ht t eh tech on l go y ava li ba le
esesehtneve,yadot ri suo p bor l asme re n to insurm nuo t ba le.
ynaM fo eht tseuq i sno taht ha ev eeb n ar is de u redn t eh di cs u ss i no fo fertigati no s ru r nuo d t eh
retaw oc ev ra eg . poeP le yas taht eht ir retaw tsys e sm od not co ev r rp o rep ly dna , eb c ua es fo
ht i ,s yeht nac n eve r use f re tig ta i no . A p nosre uohs l ad l syaw r ,rebmeme sekamretaW" g ar ss
,neerg F rezilitre nac ekam it laeh t yh ". fI na aera amer i sn ,yrd eht aera wi ll ton grow much
rehto naht w dee .s fI nu i mrof ut rf is to eb gr ,nwo etaw r tsum eb placed sa e nev ly sa p sso ibl .e
fI a frut aera amer i sn dr ,y eht fe tr ili ez r no th ta ra ea c onna t eb co evn rted ro esu d; all normal
biol go i ac l orp ssec es w lli ts op. tI is eht bmoc i den ppa il cation of f re ti il z re with the i rr igati no
retsaw taht pro ud sec t eh ou st nat ding r se ul st th ta ah ve eeb n sbo erve .d fI evoc egar od nse 't
xe i ,ts neht it tsum eb i ,devorpm tub in areneg l, eht ssecorp is tca au ll y m da e ae sier wh ne
rciM o itreF gation is u es d.
ehT osaer n rof the retteb user l st is wt o fol ,d 1) a rep son wonk i gn th ta ob th water na d f re t ili rez
is eb i gn pl deca in eht emas pr sseco w li l ausu ll y yrt tsuj a il ttle redrah to ma ek us re a ll the
sdaeh are ow rki gn pr repo l .y )2 T eh orciM F itre g ita on ssecorp w li l a ll wo the pl tna to spr ae d
sa in eht esac fo adumreb ssarg ro to h re hr izome pr po a ag ting grass or, in c oo l es ason
,sessarg it w lli a ll wo the sarg s ot worg om re neve yl wi ht a om re ts able oor t tsys e .m T eh
i devorpm l koo fo eht ut rf dna rehto pl tna tam erial w li l vnoc ince t eh rep s enno l th ta they era
kam i tahtdnassergorpgn eht truf h re i mevorpm e tn w lli be a dir tce result of their ef rof t.
ynaevahuoyfI q seu tio sn od no iseht tate ot c ’SSlioSauqAtcatno lacinhceT&tsitneicSlioS
,rosivdA Tom Lub tani moc.ssliosauqa@nibult