9. • Common cause of hemolytic anemia
Abnormalities of spectrinspectrin or ankyrinankyrin
( major components of cytoskeleton
responsible for RBC shape )
• Transmitted as autosomal dominantautosomal dominant ,
rarely autosomal recessive
• 25% of patient have no previous
familial history
10.
11.
12. Clinical manifestations
• NewbornNewborn : anemia , hyperbilirubinemia
• Infant & childrenInfant & children : severity is variable
- asymptomatic
- pallor , fatigue, exercise intolerance
- spleen enlarged, jaundice, anemia
- pigmented gallstones as age 4-5 yr
- profound anemia, high output heart
failure, hypoxia, cardiovascular collapse
,death
13. Laboratory findings
• Reticulocytosis
• Indirect hyperbilirubinemia
• Blood smear : spherocyte > 15-20%
polychromasia
• Marrow : erythroid hyperplasia
• Osmotic fragility test
• Acidified Glycerol lysis test
• Autohemolysis test
• Membrane protein analysis
18. • G6PD is the first enzyme in PPP in glucose
metabolism
• Deficiency diminishes the reductive
energy of the RC and result in hemolysis
• Severity depends on quantity and type of
G6PD and nature of hemolytic agents[an
oxidation-reduction mediator]
• X-link recessive transmission by
a gene X chromosome
• Disease expressed in hemizygous male
and homozygous female
31. reticulocytes may reach 30% or more
Heinz bodies +ve transiently, first3-4
days
G6PD Screening test
quantitative G6PD assay
** young RBC have significantly
higher enzyme activities. G6PD activity is
within the low normal range
44. warm-reactive disease
IgG antibody
fixed to Ag
Adherence
to Fc receptors
on macrophage
Pathogenesis
cold agglutinin
IgM fixed to Ag
fixed complement
Adherence
to complement
receptor
lysis by
complement
intravascular
hemolysis
spleen
other RES
cell mediated
destruction
splenic
entrapment
spherocytes