Write for the AORN Journal
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This presentation is from AORN's Authors Workshop at the 2013 Volunteer Leadership Academy in Denver, Colorado, and is a great resource for those interested in writing for the AORN Journal. Learn how you can help patients through authorship, and get all the tools to start today. http://bit.ly/14mLLtp
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Write for the AORN Journal
- 1. 2013 Volunteer Leadership Academy Author’s Workshop July 19, 2013
- 2. Disclosure information AORN’s policy is that the subject matter experts for this product must disclose any financial relationship in a company providing grant funds and/or a company whose product(s) may be discussed or used during the educational activity. Financial disclosure will include the name of the company and/or product and the type of financial relationship, and includes relationships that are in place at the time of the activity or were in place in the 12 months preceding the activity. Disclosures for this activity are indicated according to the following numeric categories: 1. Consultant/Speaker’s Bureau 5. Grant/Research Support 2. Employee 6. Other relationship (specify) 3. Stockholder 7. Has no financial interest 4. Product Designer AORN is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. AORN is provider-approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing, Provider Number CEP 13019.
- 3. Author’s workshop Helping Patients Through Authorship AORN Journal Richard L. Wohl, MBA, MFA, Director of Publications Kimberly Retzlaff, BS, Managing Editor Helen Pashley, MA, RN, CNOR, Clinical Editor, Manuscript Development Editor
- 4. Objectives • Transform great nurses into great authors – Identify the article types that fit in AORN Journal – Show how to transform what you do every day into a Journal article – Understand the benefits of authorship, to you, your colleagues, and your patients • Announce chapter contest for journal authors
- 5. Objectives (continued) • Explain the general guidelines for writing for AORN Journal: ̵ The parts of an article ̵ Grammar tips ̵ Referencing ̵ Publishing issues • Provide strategies for overcoming barriers to authorship • Share manuscript writing/submission help • Review what happens after a manuscript is accepted for publication
- 6. Why become an author? • Improve yourself ̵ Get a promotion ̵ Professional growth ̵ Open doors to new opportunities
- 7. Why become an author? • Improve patient care ̵ Share information ̵ Educate colleagues ̵ Articulate a belief
- 8. What articles are in AORN Journal • Articles we publish: ̵ Clinical articles (procedures, patient care, new techniques) ̵ Education articles (how you provide education to staff) ̵ Management ̵ Research/Quality Improvement/Literature Review
- 9. What do you do every day? • What’s exciting? • What’s new? • What’s difficult or challenging? • What is presenting problems? • What is something you’re doing that’s working well?
- 10. Parts of an article • Abstract • Introduction • Rationale • Significance to nursing • Preop/intraop/postop care • Illustrations, tables, photos
- 11. Group Exercise: Putting your ideas on paper • Draft introduction • Discuss rationale or significance of idea • Identify main points and supporting information • Summarize and conclude • Finalize introduction • Create abstract
- 13. Writing for AORN Journal • Tone/style – more formal • Know your audience • Difference between − QI (no statistics) − Research (statistics) • Prior IRB approval is a MUST
- 14. Boring grammar stuff • Person – 1st, 2nd or 3rd • Voice – active vs passive
- 15. Person First person • I • We Second person • You • You understood (aka second person imperative) For AORN Journal, the preferred style is first or third person Third person • He, she, they • The surgeon • The perioperative nurse
- 16. First person – Good to use! • Personal and less formal, but specific • Research use: We identified three themes and eight thematic subcategories based on the experiences that the nurse participants discussed during their interviews.
- 17. Second person – Avoid! • Least used and informal • Directs the reader: ̵ The nature of your topic often will dictate the type of article you choose to write. ̵ Second person imperative: Write lots of manuscripts! (You write lots of manuscripts!)
- 18. Third person – Good to use! Tells who does what: Outpatient nurses are responsible for determining when a patient is ready to be discharged to home.
- 19. Active (preferred) vs passive voice Use active voice to tell who does what: The circulating nurse places the electrosurgical unit dispersive pad on the patient. Passive voice is less clear: The electrosurgical unit dispersive pad was placed on the patient by the circulating nurse. *Note: The “by” statement can be left out without being grammatically incorrect in terms of sentence structure – but it’s less clear to readers if you’re writing for print.
- 20. Language and use
- 21. Why reference? It’s fair • Gives credit where credit is due • Demonstrates professionalism Adds credibility and authority • Differentiates facts and data from opinion Provides additional resources • Help readers find information It’s the law • Comply with legal and ethical requirements
- 22. Appropriate references • Primary sources • Scholarly journals and books • Experts • Reputable online resources − Government / regulatory agencies − Wiki isn’t ―reputable‖ in the strictest sense • Recent references: ≤ 5 years
- 23. What should I cite? • Direct quotes • Paraphrased material ̵ Factual material ̵ Opinions not your own ̵ Statistics
- 24. Direct quotes (don’t overuse!) ―Actual hours worked during the call period are unpredictable and can range from 30 minutes to the entire length of the call period. Covering call may strain existing resources, create stress for perioperative staff members, affect safe patient care, and increase the potential for occupational injury due to prolonged work hours.‖1(p685) 1. AORN guidance statement: safe on-call practices in perioperative practice settings. In: Perioperative Standards and Recommended Practices. Denver, CO: AORN, Inc; 2012:685-687.
- 25. Paraphrased factual material Occupational exposure to methyl methacrylate can affect the eyes, skin, and respiratory system.1 1. Chemical sampling information: methyl methacrylate. US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety & Health Administration. http://osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_254400.html. Accessed July 10, 2012.
- 26. Paraphrased opinion statements Changing patterns in education, such as the implementation of distance learning modalities, lead to anxiety, uncertainty, and confusion for nursing school faculty members.1 1. Gruendemann BJ. Distance learning and perioperative nursing. AORN J. 85(3);2007:574-586.
- 27. Paraphrased statistics Depending on the type of hepatitis, the percentage of case reports that included any risk factor information ranged from 48% to 50%.1 1. Surveillance for Acute Viral Hepatitis—United States, 2007. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2009;58(3):1-27.
- 28. Publishing considerations • Copyright transfer – Authorship – Conflict of interest • Permissions http://ees.elsevier.com/aorn/img/aornauthorres.pdf
- 31. EIC Peer Review Reject Revise Accept Reject Dev. Dev. EIC Staff Editor MS Author Publish Revise After submission
- 32. Overcoming barriers • Not sure if I have the skills “I could never write an article like the ones in the Journal” The editors are your partners and here to help • Believe in your idea and talents
- 33. Manuscript writing help • aornjournal@aorn.org • Other authors • Other readers • Elsevier website: http://www.aornjournal.org/authorinfo • EES author information: http://ees.elsevier.com/aorn/default.asp • Book: Anatomy of Writing for Publication for Nurses (Saver) • This presentation: http://www.aorn.org/writeforthejournal
- 34. Submit your article online Elsevier Editorial System http://ees.elsevier.com/aorn For help, contact us! (800) 755-2676 aornjournal@aorn.org
- 35. Wrap up • Nurses help patients • Nurse leaders help nurses help patients • Nurse leaders help more nurses, and therefore more patients, through authorship in the AORN Journal • AORN editors help nurse leaders be nurse authors Contest for Journal authors: The chapter that has the most manuscripts accepted to AORN Journal between now and Dec. 31, 2014 will win: A free, individual registration to the 2015 AORN Congress
- 36. Share this information! • Please feel free to … ̵ Share this information with your staff ̵ Present to your chapter ̵ Ask your colleagues to write for AORN Journal ̵ Give out our contact information to anyone who wants to write or peer review
- 38. Contact information • Joy Don Baker: jdbaker@aorn.org • AORN Headquarters/Editorial Office: 800-755-2676, aornjournal@aorn.org • Helen Pashley: hpashley@aorn.org, x234 • Kimberly Retzlaff: kretzlaff@aorn.org, x227 • Rich Wohl: rwohl@aorn.org, x364 Access this presentation on www.slideshare.net/aornsocialmedia or www.aorn.org/writeforthejournal
Notas do Editor
- Rich – welcome and intro
- Rich – brief mention, we have no conflicts of interest
- Rich - Intro
- Rich
- Rich
- Helen Tell your story about how you came to work at AORN show your journal article.
- HelenSharing information in the Journal will help you, your patients, staff, readers of the Journal and millions of surgical patients.
- Helen
- **Handout on ms typesHelen to lead: Group activity and brainstorming on how to turn everyday practice into a paperFor Clinical – everyday practiceEducation – creative ideas for how to teach staff (eg, jeopardy, simulation)To make these ideas into a paper:Define issue or success – what prompted the process change?Give background and incidence, why this is important to the OR in general.Meat of the article: what did you see, what did you decide to do, what’s the outcome, what are your conclusions and recommendations?
- Helen – list and move on
- Group ExerciseHelen – Create an outline based on the earlier example help audience create each sectionwhat are good ways to introduce? Start with statistic, start with definition, start with quote, start with why important, case study), a reason why this paper is being written (put your reason up front!) use example from the earlier discussion.Instructions for Exercise on planning two minutes or so, using whiteboard. Have audience say what they expect to see in a clinical article (eg, an abstract, an introduction, a reason why this paper is being written, significance to nursing, statistics, anatomy and physiology, etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, preop/intraop/postop care, patient teaching, literature review, procedure overview, a care plan, tables/graphs/illustrations/photos (need copyright and permissions!), references and resources, implications for perioperative nurses/practical applications, case studies, obviously there could be much more . . . . Research article? Research question/hypothesis, theoretical framework, operational definitions, description of study design, setting, sample, sampling technique, IRB approval/procedures for protection of participants’ rights, description of study procedures/methods, description of instruments, including measurement reliability and validity evidence, results/findings, discussion, limitations of study, recommendations for practice, recommendations for future research
- Helen Another way to create a manuscript - A poster presentation is an excellent outline of an article.This poster was turned into an article and appears in the July 2013 issue of AORN Journal – show the journal
- HelenThe Journal is not Ladies’ Home Journal – make sure you know what we do publish and realize that we have a certain style. This is more formal than people generally talk. Write in a tone you’re familiar with but try to mimic the Journal. The editors will help before publication.QI/Research – Research is statistical and QI is not. QEither way, you must have IRB approval or we can’t publish it (eg, looking at charts, conducting a survey). You can’t get IRB approval after the fact, so plan on it before you start your project.
- KimStrength of AORN editorial team (clinical + publishing)These are just some tips but don’t worry about getting it perfect – that’s what we’re here for!
- KimAORN Journal prefers first or third person, but pick one and stick with it!
- KimPersonal and often less formal—used in some columns (eg, editorial, opinion)Used in research We identified three themes and eight thematic subcategories based on the experiences that the nurse participants discussed during their interviews.Always establish who “we” is but be more specific when necessary!
- Kim
- Kim
- KimCharting is usually done in passive voice, so it sounds naturalOther passive examples:Peripheral IV lines are inserted. The patient’s extremities are wrapped in cotton cast padding. Irrigation fluids are used.Peripheral IV lines are inserted by the anesthesia professional. The patient’s extremities are wrapped in cotton cast padding by the perioperative nurse. Irrigation fluids are used by the scrub person.Active:The anesthesia professional inserts peripheral IV lines and uses a solution warmer to warm the IV solutions. After the IV lines have been inserted, the circulating nurse wraps the patient’s extremities in cotton cast padding. The scrub person uses irrigation fluids warmed to approximately 98.6° F (37° C).
- HelenSlang understood in a specific facility may not be understood elsewhere or internationally: “bovie” vs electrosurgical unit. Using correct name promotes universal understanding.Acronyms—always spell out on first use. Don’t make them up, use those that are common. Nothing more annoying than having to go back and re-read to remember what an acronym stands for. Use sparingly—hard to read sentences/paragraphs with multiple acronyms, and only if used at least 3 more times in the article.Limit the use of acronyms/abbreviations per JC.Medical Abbreviations: 15,000 Conveniences at the Expense of Communications and Safety.Currently in 15thed w/32,000
- Helen
- HelenPrimary sources—if you’re quoting the CDC, use a CDC ref!Other scholarly journals and booksNursing sourcesExpertsReputable online resources (eg, government agencies, regulatory agencies, professional associations, avoid Wikipedia)Recent references (ie, preferably within five years unless considered a “classic”)
- Helen – this slide is an introduction to the next few slides. Read the list and move on.
- HelenThis is the one we think everybody gets, but that’s not always the case.
- Helen
- Helen – Paraphrased opinion, not your own.These are also paraphrased, but different because it’s an opinion vs fact
- HelenThis is the other one we assume everybody gets.
- Kim – brief discussion, if you have questions see us afterwards.These are the forms you’ll be asked to fill out as an author for AORN Journal: Copyright transfer, request for permission, photo permission.Clarify permissions – hand outs: authorship guidelines, copyright transfer (discuss that this is standard publishing practice and gives ownership to the Journal)Authorship is addressed on the copyright transfer form – an author has materially contributed to the writing of the paper. You can’t add your secretary as an author because he/she typed the paper up. That is more of an acknowledgment. Did the author help write/research?
- KimHelp you know what’s expectedCan be overwhelming and can discuss things that are unfamiliarResearch is VERY specific about what is needed and if it is not there it can’t be published as a research article. Can be used as QI or PI.Why they are important Why they can put you off Why you don’t need to obsess about this (unless you are writing a research paper).
- Kim
- Kim – constructive criticism and series of reviews.This process takes time. Please be patient, but feel free to check in with us to see where your ms is a MS goes to Editor-in-Chief (EIC)EIC sends for peer review, rejects, or sends for manuscript developmentPeer review Editor’s decision (accept, reject, further revision or MD)Accepted for issue schedulingGoes to staff editor for editing
- Helen “I could never write an article like the ones in the Journal”No article comes to us looking like it does when published.All articles are edited; yes, all of them.Believe in your idea and your talents.
- Helen: If you need help ask us and we can provide it (aornjournal@aorn.org).Find someone who has published or written before and ask for help.Check the how-to’s on the websitesBooks like Anatomy of Writing – this is available on aornbookstore.org Find someone to read through your ms before you send it in.The eyes can only see what the brain is prepared to see. -Perception
- Helen– No demo of EES, handout Checklist Call us for help and we can walk you through it if you nee be.
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