7. Technology Awareness of marketable invention Technology Acquisition by self-generation or transfer Technology Adaptation Minor modifications of acquired technology for specific needs Technology Advancement Innovation involving major modifications of acquired technology Technological Abandonment obsolescencing External & internal Environment Factors affecting the technology user Promotion Need driven expectations Justification Installation 1 2 3 4 5 6 Demolition Time

15. Technology A. Social implications C. Plant level changes B. Economics implications High expectation of consumers Systems complexity Social systems Social changes Organisation structure Resistance to change Increased regulation & stiff opposition Problems of techno- structure Jobs become intellectual Increased productivity Fear of risk e-Commerce Telecommuting Rise & decline of products & organisations Boundaries redefined Transportation Markets Technology transfers Impact of Technology Need to spend on R&D

43. abandonment • An organisation that is associated with particular technology will go in sequence through the following stages :- (i) birth, (ii) growth, (iii) policy, (iv) procedure, (v) theory, (vi) religion, (vii) ritual, & (viii) last rites.

44. B7. Boundaries Redefined Technological changes have significant consequences for industries :- • Technological change is a potent force in the reconfiguring of industry boundaries, it may broaden or narrow generally excepted industry boundaries • As a consequence of its impact on whole industries, technological change can have a significant impact on the prevailing business definition of individual companies. Companies may find themselves in a different business

45. due to technological changes that they or others have effected • Technological change is one of the important factors giving rise to product substitution & product differentiation. Technological change is a dominant force in shaping competitive dynamics in many industries. It influences industry boundaries & structure, product substitution & differentiation, & the price quality relationships between products • Technological change in the form of process (as opposed to product) & materials innovations may contribute to many of the impacts noted above • Finally, for multi-product companies (preceding

60. C8. Markets • Along with the globalisation of production, technological innovations have facilitated the internationalisation of markets • As stated earlier, containerisation has made it more economical to transport goods over long distances, thereby creating global market • Low-cost global communications networks such as the World Wide Web are helping to electronic global market places • In additions, low-cost jet travel has resulted in the mass movement of people around the world