NANO TECHNOLOGY- ITS ROLE IN CANCER DETECTION AND TREATMENT

1. ITS ROLE IN CANCER DETECTION
AND TREATMENT
Presented by :-
ER. ANKUR PRAKASH SINGH
NANOTECHNOLOGY

2. Topics
• Introduction
• History
• Cancer detection and treatment using nanotechnological
devices
Cancer
▫ Causes of cancer
• Applications of nanoparticles
▫ Nanoparticles are small enough to enter cells
▫ Nanodevices can improve cancer detection
▫ Nanoshells as cancer therapy
▫ Improving cancer treatment
• Advantages
Advantage of nanotechnology treatment
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion
• Future of nanotechnology

3. Introduction
 Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional
systems at the molecular scale.
 Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials,
devices, and systems through the manipulation of
matter on the nano- scale.

4. A nanometer is…
 One billionth of a meter
Nanoscale
Human hair: approx. 1x105 nmDNA sample: approx. 2 nm

5.  The first ever concept was presented in 1959
by the famous professor of physics dr.
Richard P.Feynman.
 Invention of the scanning tunneling
microscope in 1981 and the discovery of
fullerene(c60) in 1985 lead to the
emergence
Of nanotechnology.
 The term “nano-technology" had been
coined by norio taniguchi in 1974
History

6. Cancer detection and treatment
using nanotechnological devices

7. Cancer
Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-
control cell growth.
Cancer harms the body when damaged cells divide
uncontrollably to form lumps or masses of tissue
called tumors.
Tumor in breast tumor in colon

8. Causes of cancer
External factors – chemicals, radiation, viruses,
and lifestyle
Internal factors – hormones, immune conditions,
and inherited mutations
Cellular change

9. Applications of nanoparticles

10. Nanoparticles are
Small enough to enter cells
Cell
White
blood cell
Water
molecule
Nanodevices
Nanoparticles
-Most animal cells are 10,000 to 20,000
nanometers in diameter.
 Nanoscale devices (less than 100
nanometers) can enter cells and the
organelles inside them to interact with
dna and proteins. Tools developed
through nanotechnology may be able to
detect disease in a very small amount of
cells or tissue. They may also be able to
enter and monitor cells within a living
body.

11. Nanodevices can improve cancer detection
Detection of cancer at early stages is a critical step in improving cancer treatment. Currently,
detection and diagnosis of cancer usually depend on changes in cells and tissues that are
detected by a doctor’s physical touch or imaging expertise.

12. Nanoshells as cancer therapy
Researchers can
already link nanoshells
to antibodies that
recognize cancer cells.
Scientists envision
letting these nanoshells
seek out their cancerous
targets, then applying
near-infrared light.
 In laboratory
cultures, the heat
generated by the light-
absorbing nanoshells
has successfully killed
tumor cells while
leaving neighboring
cells intact.

13. Improving cancer treatment
Nanotechnology treatmentTraditional treatment
Intact noncancerous cells
Noncancerous cells
Toxins Nanodevices
Cancer
Cells
Dead noncancerous cells
Noncancerous cells
Drugs
Dead
Cancer
Cells
Dead
Cancer
Cells
Toxins
Cancer
Cells

14. Advantages

15. Advantages of nanotechnology
treatment
 Nanoscale devices have the potential to radically
change cancer therapy for the better and to
dramatically increase the number of highly
effective therapeutic agents
Nanotechnology may also be useful for developing
ways to eradicate cancer cells without harming
healthy, neighboring cells.

16. Disadvantages

17. Disadvantages
 Cancer targeting is highly dependent on surface
chemistry. Not just any nanoparticle will work.
 The need for biocompatible and stable
nanoparticles
 Side-effects and toxicity
 Environmental impact
 Uncharted territory

18. Conclusion
 -Different types of cancer cells have unique
properties that can be exploited by nanoparticles to
target the cancer cells
 -nanoparticles can be used to detect and to treat
cancer (by heat ablation, chemotherapy, gene
therapy).
 -No human trials have been performed yet and
human trials are still at least a few years away.
(Unknown side effects, toxicity, difficulty in
manufacturing and harmful byproducts, need for
highly specific nanoparticles

19. Future of nanotechnology

20. References
en.wikipedia.org
http://www.nanotec.or.th
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics
http://www.sciencedirect.com

21. Thank you!