1. A. Rebellions and civil unrest
1. Social background of the Taiping movement
2. Hong Xiuquan
3. The Rebellion
4. The demise of the Taiping
B. Restoration and Self-strengthening
1. Restoration
2. The Self-strengthening Movement
C. Failed reforms in the age of imperialism
1. The first Sino-Japanese conflict and its sequels
2. The Hundred Day Reform, 1898
a. The sources of the reform
b. Content and impact of the reforms
c. The failure of the Hundred Day Reform
d. The sequels of the Hundred Day Reform
D. The Boxer Rebellion
1. Causes and background
2. The origins of the boxer movement
3. The course and results of the boxer uprising
4. Failure and impact of the boxer uprising